THE FAUNA OF BRITISH INDIA
INCLUDING
CEYLON AND BUllMA.
Published uxder the authority of the Secretary of
State for India in Council.
EDITED BY W. T. BLANFORJ).
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LONDON:
TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.
pip"/
THE FAUNA OF BRITISH INDIA,
INCLUDING
CEYLON AND BURMA.
Published undeu tee authority of the Secretary of
State for India in Council.
edited by lt.-col. c. t. bingham.
RHYNCHOTA.-Vol. III.
IHETEROPTERA-HOMOPTERA)
BY
W. L. DISTANT.
LONDON:
TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.
CALCUTTA AND SIMLA :
THACKEH, SPINK, & CO.
BUEMA :
MYLES STANDISH & CO.,
RANGOON.
BOMBAY :
THACKER & CO., LIMITED,
BERLIN :
R. PRIEDLANDER & SOHN,
U CARLSTRASSE.
1906.
AIiEKE ji FLAMMAM,
PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,
RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.
PREFACE.
With the conclusion of this tlie third volmue of the
Rhynchota^ the account of the Indian insects belonging to
that Order is carried to the end of the family Fulgoridse.
The preparation of this volume has been an arduous piece
of work, as the insects described in it are obscure and
little known. More especially does this apply to the
forms included in the Fulgoridse. The admirable classifi-
cation of this family initiated by Stul and continued by
Dr. Melichar, of Vienna, left untouched a large amount of
material that had to be examined and worked out.
Though it is hoped that the present volume will throw
much additional light on the natural sequence and affinities
of the minor groups of this family, it must yet be borne
in mind that the work as a whole is primarily designed
for collectors in India as an aid to the identification of
insects, which, though probably numerous enough in that
country and of economic importance, have not been much
collected or observed. This point the Author, Mr. Distant,
has again and again referred to in the following pages.
This is the first volume of the Handbooks on the Fauna
of British India published since the death of Dr. Blanford,
under whose Editorship the series was initiated and carried
on for over twenty years. The many obituary notices that
have appeared in the publications of the learned and scientific
IV PREFACE.
societies fully testify to the great value of the work clone
by him during a long and strenuously productive life, and
to the loss that science has sustained by his death. To
few^ however, will that loss be personally so great as to
those who under his direction were working for the Fauna
of India series.
As his successor it will be my endeavour to carry on the
work on the lines laid down by him.
In conclusion I may add that previous to Dr. Blanford's
death the sanction of the Secretary of State for India had
been accorded to the preparation of the following volumes,
in addition to this one on the Rhynchota now published.
Three volumes on various groups of Beetles, a second
volume on the Butterflies, and a volume on the Land-Shells
of India.
The last-mentioned work had been undertaken by Dr.
Blanford himself and a portion of it prepared. The un-
finished MS. is now in the hands of Col. Godwin-Austen,
who, as Blanford^s intimate friend and co-worker with him
on the Mollusca of India, has kindly undertaken to complete
the volume.
Quite lately also sanction has been accorded to the
preparation of a volume on the Phytophagous Beetles by
Mr. M. Jacoby, the well-known specialist on that group.
Of these various volumes of the Series, a half-volume on
the Longicorn Beetles and the volume on the Butterflies
will, it is hoped, be ready for publication in the current
year.
C. T. BINGHAM.
February 1906.
SYSTEMATIC ODEX.
Order RHYNCHOTA
Page
1
Suborder Heteroptera .... 1
Fam. 17. Anthocorid^.
Subfam. 1. Anthocorirxs . .
1
1. Ostorodias, Disf 2
1. contubernalis, Dist. . . 3
2. Aruulplius, Dist -J
1. aterrimus, Dist 3
3. Amphiareus, Dist 4
1. fulvescens, IValk 4
4. Lippomanus, Dist 5
1. hirsutus, Dist 5
5. Euspudjeus, Hettt 5
1. funebris. Motsch 6
6. Sesellius, Dist G
1. parallelus, Motsch. . . 7
7. Odontobracbys, Fieb 7
1. niger, Fieb 7
8. Tripbleps, Fieb S
1. tantilus, Motsch 8
Subfam. 2. Microjyhysince . ... 9
1. Pachy tarsus, Fieh 9
1. crassicornis, Fieh 9
2. Cyrtosternum, Fieb 10
1. flavicorne, Fieb 10
Fam. 18. Polyctenidjg .... 11
1. Polyctenes, Westiv. Sf
Gir/lioli 11
1. lyrce, Waterh 11
Page
Fam. 19. Pelogonid.^ .... 13
Subfam. 1. Pelogonince 13
1. Pelogonus, Latr 13
1. marginatus, Latr 14
Subfam. 2. Mononychince .... 14
1. Mononyx, Laj) 14
1. serratus, Montand. . . 15
2. iudicus, Atkins 15
3. grossus, Montand. .... 10
Fam. 20. Nepid^ 17
1. Laccotrepbes, Stal 17
1. mbustus, Stal 18
2. ruber, Liim 18
3. maculatus, Fabr 19
2. Rauatra, Fabr 19
1. elongata, Fabr 20
2. cbinensis, Mayr .... 21
3. feana, Montand 21
4. filiformis, Fabr 21
0. sordidula, Dohrn .... 22
6. gracilis, Dall 22
3. Cercotmetus, Amy. Sf Serv. 23
1. fumosus, Dist 23
2. pilipes, Dai: 23
Fam. 21. Naucorid^ 25
Subfam. 1. Cheirochelincs .... 25
1. Cbeirocbela, Hope 26
1. feana, Montand 26
2. assamensis, Hope .... 26
2. Gestroiella, Montand. . . 27
1. limnoeoroides, Moti-
tand 27
STSTF.MATIC INDEX.
Subfam. 2. Laccocorince . . . .
1. Diapliorocoris, Mont and. .
1. puuctatis«imus, Kirby .
2. Heleocoris, StSl
1. strabus, Moyitand
2. breviceps, Montand. . .
3. bergTotbi, Montand. . .
4. Ifeviceps, Montand. . .
5. elong-atus, Montand. . .
6. indicus, Montand
7. obllquatus, Spin
8. ? acuta, Spin
3. Ctenipocoris, Montand..
1. asiaticus, Montand. .
Page
28
28
28
29
29
29
30
30
31
31
31
32
32
Subfam. 3. Naucorince 33
1. Thurselinus, Dist. . . .
1. o-reeui, Dist
Fain. 22. Belostoiiatid^^ .
1. Nectocoris, Mayv
1. stall, Mayr
2. Sphserodema, Lap
1. anuulatum, Fahr. . . .
2. rusticum, Fahr
3. molestum, Duf.
3. Belostoma, Lai/)-
1. indicum, Lep. ^' Serv.
Fain. 23. Notonectid.e . . ,
Subfam. 1. Notonectina^ . .
33
33
34
34
35
3o
35
36
36
37
38
40
40
1
Notonecta. Linn
40
1. montandoni, L'^irk
41
2. olauca, Linn
41
2.
Euithai-es, Spin
42
1. indica, Fabr
42
2. marpinata, Fieh
43
3. lineatipes, I£orv
43
4. templetoui, Kirby . . . .
43
5. triangularis, Guer
44
3.
Anisops, Spin
44
1. sardea, Herr.-Schdff. .
45
2. fieberi. Kirk
46
3. niveus, Fabr
46
Page
Fam. 24. Ooiuxid.^ 49
1. Corixa, Geoffr 49
1. liieroglypliica, Llnf. . , 49
2. Micronecta, A7r7t 50
1. striata, Fieb 50
2. haliploides. Ilorv 50
Suborder Homoptera
Subfam. 2. Pleince 46
1. Plea, Leach 47
1. liturala, Fieb 47
2. frontalis, Fieb 48
3. pallescens, Dist 48
4. buenoi. Kirk 48
Fam. 1. Cicadidj: . . .
55
Subfam. 1. Cicadince. ....... 58
Div. 1. Polyneuraria ....
1. Platypleura, Amy. S)- Serv.
1. bufo, Walk
2. macldnnoni. Dist
3. polita, Walk
4. cervina, Walk
5. basialba, Wall;
6. coelebs, Stal
7. watsoni, Dist
8. westwoodi, Stal
9. basi-viridis, If'alk. . .
10. sphinx, Walk
11. capitata, Oliv
12. bampsoni, Dist
13. atBuis, Fabr
14. octoguttata, Fabr
15. audamana, Dist
16. nobilis, Germ
17. insignis, Dist
18. badia, Dist
19. assameusi^i, Atkins, . .
2. Pycna, Amy. S,- Serv. . . . .
1. repauda, Zmw
3. Angamiaua, Dist
1. tetlierea, Dist
4. Polyneura, Westiu
1. ducalis, Westw
5
Div. 2. Tacuaria
1. Tosena, Amy. 4* Serv. . .
1. mearesiana, Westw.
2. melanoptera, WJiite
3. montivaga, Dist. . .
4. dives. West
5. spleudida, Dist
58
58
59
60
61
61
62
^2
63
64
64
65
65
66
66
67
68
69
70
70
70
71
71
72
73
73
74
74
75
76
76
77
Div. 3. Cicadaria 78
1. Eihana, Dist 78
1. mixta, Kirby 79
2. germaua, Dist 80
SYSTEMATIC INDEX.
Page
2. Cryptotympana, Stal .... 80
1. corviis, IFii/k 81
2. edwardsi, Kirk 82
3. intermedia, S'i(/?i 82
4. acuta, Siffn 83
5. recta, Walk , , 83
6. limborgi, Dist 84
7. iusularis, Dist 85
8. vesta, Dist 85
9. exalbida, Dist 86
10. -\-aricolor, Dist 86
Div. 4. Uundubiaria .... 87
1. Leptopsaltria, StSl 89
1. tubero&a, Sif/n 89
2. samia, JFafk 90
3. audamanensis, Dist. . 90
2. Purana, Dist 91
1. tigriua, JJ'alk 91
2. tigroides, Walk 92
3. morrisi, Dist 92
4. guttularis, Walk 93
3. Duudubia, Ami/. ^- Scrv. . 94
1. mannifera, Linn 94
2. eniaaatura, Dist 95
3. iutemerata, Ifalk 96
4. Cosmopsaltria, Stal .... 96
1. oopaga, Dist 97
2. fe«, Dist 98
3. andersoni, Dist 98
5. Haphsa, Dist 99
1 . uicomache, Walk 99
2. Telitaris, Dist. ...... 100
6. Platvlomia, Stal 100
1. aiiiicta, Dist 101
2. vibraus, Walk 101
3. similis, Dist 102
4. larus, Walk 102
5. nagarasingna, Dist. . . 103
6. umbrata, Dist 103
7. assamensis, Dist 104
8. radha. Dist lOo
9. saturata, JJ^alk 105
10. ficulnea, Dist 106
7. Meimuna, Dist 107
1. tripurasura, Dist 107
2. tavovauti, Dist 108
3. gamameda, Dist 108
4. durga, Dist 109
5. silhetaua, Dist 109
6. microdon, Tf7tlk 110
8. Pompouia, Stal Ill
1. fusca. Oliv Ill
2. lactea, Dist 112
3. intermedia, Dist 112
.Page
4. solitaria, Dist 114
5. thaiia, If'alk. 114
6. siu'va, Dist, 115
9. Aola. Dist 115
1. biudusara, Dist 115
2. scitula, Dist 116
10. Oncotvmpaua, Stal 117
1. obniibila, Dist 117
2. expansa, IFalk 118
3. melanoptera, Dist. . . 119
11. Mata, Dist 119
1. kama, Dist 120
Div. 5. L all ugad aria .... 120
1. Lahugada, Dist 121
1. dohertyi, Dist 121
Subfam. 2. Gceanina' 122
Div. 1. Cicadatraria 122
1. Emathia, StRl 123
1. Eegrota, Stal 124
2. Rust'ia, Stal 124
1. dentivitta, Walk 125
2. tigriua, Dist 125
3. Terpnosia, Dist 126
1. psecas. Walk 126
2. stipata, Walk 127
3. confusa, Z)<s< 128
4. ransonneti, Dist 128
5. clio, Walk 129
6. abdullah, Dist 129
7. uiadhava, Dist 130
8. collina, Dist 130
9. maculipes, Walk 131
10. ganesa, Dist 131
4. Cieadatra, ^4/???/o# 132
1. sankaua, Dist 132
2. xantes, Walk 133
3. striata, Walk 134
5. Sena, Dist 134
1. quajrula, Fall 135
2. rugipeuuis. Walk 136
3. acberi, Dist 136
6. Calcaguiuus, Dist 137
1. picturatus, Dist 137
2. nilgiriensis, Dist 138
7. Gudaba, Dist 138
1. margiuata, Dist 139
8. Khimbya, Dist 139
1. evanescens, Walk 139
2. cuneata, Dist 140
3. sita, Dist 141
4. dimiuuta, Walk 141
SYSTEMATIC INDEX.
Pa^e
9. Lethama, Did 141!
1. locusta, Walk 142
10. Basa, Dist 143
1. singularis, Walk 143
Div. 2. Gseanaria 144
1. Gpeaiia, Amy. ^- Serv 145
1. uiaculata, iJiiinj .... 145
2. stellata, Walk. ' 14(;
3. sulphurea, Hope .... 147
4. atkiusoni, Dist 147
5. festiva, Fahr 147
2. Balinta, Dist 148
1. octonotata, Westw. . . 148
2. tenebricosa, Dist 149
3. delinenda, Dist 150
3. Talainga, Dist 150
1. binohaiui, Dist 151
Div. 3. Mosaniiiaria
151
]. Moganiiia, Amy. Sf- Scrv. . 152
1. conica, .Genu 152
2. cyanea, Walk 153
3. fimebris, Stal 153
4. effecta, Dist 153
5. obliqiia, Walk 154
G. A^iridis, Siyn 154
Subfam. 3. Tibicininoi 154
Div. 1. Hiiechysarii
155
1. Graptolettix. StSl 155
1. guttatus, Stdl 156
2. tlioracicus, Dist 156
2. Iluechys, Amy. ^- Serv.. . 157
1. sangainea, De Geer . . 157
2. thoracica, Dist 158
3. luematica, Dist 158
3. Scieroptera, Stdl 158
1. splendidula, Fahr 159
2. crocea, Gucr 160
3. fumigata, Stdl 160
Div. 2. C a r i n e t a r i a
160
1. Karenia, Dist 160
1. ravida, Dist 1(51
DiA
Tib
1 c 1 }i a r 1 a
162
1 . Paharia, Dist 162
1. lacteipeiinis, Walk. .. 1()2
2. casyapte, Dist 163
3. reticulata, Dist 164
Page
Div. 4. T a p b u r a r i a 164
1. Abroma, Stal 165
1. maculicoUis, Giier 165
2. bengaleusis, Dist 166
3. nubifurca, Walk 166
2. Lemuriana, Dist 166
1. apicalis, Germ 167
3. Paiika, Dist 168
1. simiilata, Dist 168
Div. 5. Parnisaria 168
1. Quintilia, Stdl 169
1. subvitta, Walk 169
Div. 6. Chlorocj^stai'ia . . . . 170
1. Kumanga, Dist 170
1. sandaracata, Dist 170
Div. 7. Melampsaltaria . . 171
1. Melampsalta, Amyot .... 171
1. musiva, Germ 172
2. contiuuata, Dist 172
3. literata, Dist 173
2. Pauropsalta, G-'ofZ. cS'i'Voc/.c/. 174
1. exequata, Dist 174
Fam. 2. Fui.gorid^^ 175
Subfam. 1. Fulyorince 178
Div. 1. Laternariaria .
i:
1. Pyrops. Spin 179
1. dolirni, Stdl 180
2. chineiisis, Dist 181
3. cheimelli, Dist 182
4. affinis, Westw 182
2. Fulgora, Linn 182
1. candelavia, Linn 183
2. viridirostris, Westa\ . . 185
3. spinolte, IVestw 185
4. lathbuii, Wvi. Kirby . . 186
5. conuectens, Atkins. . . 186
6. oculata, Westw 187
7. pyrorhyncha, Don. . . 188
8. karenia, l)isf 188
9. maculata, Olir 189
10. delesserti, Gui-r 189
11. audamauensis, Dist. . . 190
12. rogersi, Dist 190
13. clavata, Wvstw 191
3. Saiva, Dist 192
1. gemmata, Westw 192
2. uodata, Dist 193
3. bullata, Dist 194
SVSTEMATIC INDEX.
IX
Page
4. g-Littulata, JVestw 194
■'). cardinalis, IJufl 195
C). coccinea, Walk 195
7. insularis, Kirby 196
•S. virescens. Westiv 196
4. Alcathous, Stal 197
1. fecialis, IStM 197
Div. 2. Apliauaria 198
1. Homalocepliala, S^nn. . . 199
1. festiva, Fahr 199
2. Limois, Stal 20U
1. westwoodi, Hope .... 200
o. Apliana, Guer 201
1. fariuosa, Weber 201
2. nicobaiica, Stal 202
'■). atoinaria, Weber .... 203
4. pulchella, Guer 203
5. variegata, Guer 204
6. caja, Walk 204
7. dimidiata, Hope 205
4. Lycorma, Stal 205
1. imperiali?, White ... 205
2. puiiicea, Hope 206
3. delicatula, White 207
4. iole, Stal 207
5. Euphria, Stal 207
1. aurantia, Hope 208
2. apicata, IJist 209
3. submaculata, Westio. . . 209
4. consanguinea, Dist. . . 210
5. burmanica, l)ist 210
(j. relata, JDisf 210
7. dissimili.s, Dist 211
8. aniabilis, Hope 211
6. Kalidasa, Kirk 212
1. saDguinalis, Westw. . . 212
2. nigro-maculata, Gray . 213
3. paiilinia, Sir/n 213
4. albiilos, Walk 214
5. dives, Walk 214
7. Gebeona, Stal 214
1. Sylvia, Stal 215
8. Polydictya, Gaer 215
1. basalis, Gaer 216
2. negrito, JJist 217
3. aftinis, Atkins 217
4. tricolor, IJ^estiv 217
5. krisna, Kirk 218
6. pantheriha, Gerst 218
Subfam. 2. EurybrachydincE .
1. Eurybrachys, Guer. . . .
1. lepelletieri, Guer. . . .
2. venusta, Stal
219
220
220
221
3. luanifesta. Did 221
4. apicata, iJ/st 222
5. spinosa, Fabr 222
0. tomentosa. Fabr 222
7. apicalis. Walk 223
8. dilatata, Walk 224
9. rubriciucta, IJ'alk. . . . 224
2. Ancyra, White 225
1. appendiculata, White . 225
2. histrionica, Stal 226
3. Messeua, Stal 226
1. pulverosa, Hope 226
2. uebulosa, Stal 227
3. punctifera. Walk 227
4. radiata, I)ist 228
5. crudelis, Westio 228
0. sinuata, Atlciiix 220
4. Nicidus, Stal 229
1. fusco-nebulosus, Stal. . 230
5. Thessitus, Walk 230
1. insiguis, Westw 231
2. nigro-notatiis, Stdl. . . . 231
6. Loxocephala, Scliaum. . . . 232
1 . seruginosa, Hope .... 232
2. decora, Walk 233
3. castanea, Dist. ..... 233
7. Nesis, StSl 233
1. tricolor, Walk 234
2. versicolor, Dist 234
8. Frutis, Stal 234
1. pulchra, Gray 235
9. Purusha?
1. reversa, Hope 236
Subfam. 3. Dictyop/iarince . . 236
1. Dichoptera, Spi)i 237
1. hyalinata, Fabr 238
2. hanipsoni, Dist 239
3. uubila, Dist 239
2. Pibrocha, Kirk 240
1. egiegia, Kirby 240
3. Aluutia, Stcil 241
1. ramosa, Melich 241
4. Dictyopha.ra, Germ 241
1. uigrimacula, Walk. . . 242
2. iiilgiriensis, Dii<t 242
3. pallida, Don 243
4. sauropsis, Walk 244
5. walkeri, Atkins 244
6. lineata, Do72 245
5. Putala, Melieh 246
1 . rostrata, Melich 246
2. maculata, Dist 247
6. Miasa. Dist 247
1. smaragdilinea, Walk. . 248
SYSTEMATIC INDEX.
Page
7. Udiigama, Melich L*49
1. splendens, Geym 249
8. Centromeria, Stal 250
1. speilinea, Walk 250
2. cephalica, Dist 251
3. "V'iridistigma, Kirhy . . 251
4. siuuilata, TJist 252
9. Dictyophariua, Melich. . . 252
1. viridissima, Melich. . . 253
2. cousanguiuea, Dist. . . 253
10. Symplana, lurhi/ 254
1. viridiuervis, Kirl)i/. . . . 254
Subfam. 4. Cixiince 255
1. Oliarus, Stdl 256
1. walkeri, Stdl 256
2. stigma, Motsch 257
3. tabrobaiieusis, Melich. 257
4. caudatus, Wall; 258
0. fusconebulosiis, Di.s^. . . 258
6. punctipeunis, Dist. . . 259
2. Cixius, Latv 259
1. pilifer, Melich 260
3. Anila, Dist 260
1. fuligiuosa, Dist 261
4. Iviuera, Dist 261
1. semihyalina, 7)i>^ 261
5. Kirbvana", 3Ielich 262
1. pagana, Melich. ...... 262
6. Mundopa, Dist 263
1. cingalensis, Dist 263
2. greeui, Dist 264
3. niyittpe, Di.st 264
4. dohertyi, Dist 265
5. fasciata, Dist 255
7. Ptoleria, Stdl 265
1. arcuigera, Stdl 2(36
8. Barma, Dist 266
1. Aixevsii, Dist 266
9. Cbroneba, Stdl 267
1. pallifrons, Stdl 267
10. Melandeva, Dist 268
1. ocellata, Bist 268
11. Brixia, Stdl 269
1. uubila, Walk 270
2. meander, Walk 270
3. tortricifoniiis, Kirhy . . 271
4. albomaculata, Dist. . . 271
5. Havomaculata, Dist. . . 272
Subfam. 5. Trajmluchitue . . . . 272
1. ITiracia, }\alk. ' 273
1. walkeri, Siyii 274
2. Karna, Dist 274
1. karenia, Dist 275
Page
3. Tambinia, Stdl 276
1. laiiguida, Stal 276
2. inconspicua, Did 277
3. debilis, Stdl 277
4. maculosa, Dist 277
5. rufoornata, Stdl 278
6. atrosiguata, Dist 278
7. capitata, Dist 278
4. Ossa, Motsch 279
1. dimidiata, Motsch. . . 279
5. Stiborus, Melich 280
1. viridi.*, Melich 280
6. Leusaba, Walk 280
1. rulitarsis, Kirtiy 281
7. Stacota, Stdl ..." 281
l.breviceps, Walk 282
8. Epora, Walk 282
L subtilis, Walk 283
9. Baruna, Dist 283
1. albosiguata, Dist 284
10. Paruzelia"; Melich 284
1. psvlloniorpha, Melich. . 285
11. Gen.?
1. meliciiari, Dist 285
Subfam. 6. Achilinee 286
1. Faventia, Stdl 286
1. pustulata, Walk 287
2. Vekunta, Dist 287
1. tenella, Melich 288
2. punctula, Melich 288
3. Kinnara, Dist 289
1. ceylouica, Melich 289
2. fuluata, Melich 289
3. albiplao-a, Dist 290
4. Magadha,'l>isi 290
1. tiavisigua, Walk 291
2. nebulosa, Dist . 291
5. Taugiua, Melich 291
]. bipunctata, Melich. . . 292
6. Kosalva, Dist 292
1. flavostrigata. Dist. . . 293
7. Usara, Dist. 293
1. lineolalis, Dist 294
Subfam. 7. Derhina- 295
1. Pbenice, Westw 296
1. moesta, Westiv 296
2. superba, Dist 297
3. punctativentris, Kirby . 297
4. furcato-vittata, Stdl '. . 298
2. Pamendauga, Dist 298
1. rubilinea, Dist 299
3. Jada, Dist 299
1. uitagalensis, A'irh/ . . 300
SYSTEMATIC INDEX.
Page
4. Zoraida, Kirk oOU
1. pterophoi'oides, Weshv. 300
2. cumulata, Walk 301
3. ceylonica, Kirby .... 301
4. laukaua, Kirby 302
T). ruliveua, Disi 302
6. obsoleta, Kirby 303
7. motschoulskyi, Dist. . . 303
8. gilva, Dist 303
9. egregia, Melich 304
10. lic.ta, Did 304
5. Drona, Dist 305
1 . caruosa, IVestw 305
2. pennata, Dist 306
6. Interamma, ^]'alk 306
1. I'ubrofasciata, Melich. . 306
7. Vivaha, Dist , 307
1. facialis, Dist 308
8. Kermesia, Ulelich 308
1. albida, Melich 308
9. ^'isia, Melich 309
1. atroveuosa, Ijeth 309
2. albovenosa, Dist 310
10. Kamendaka, Dist 310
1. spectra, Dist 311
2. fuscolasciata, Dist. . . 311
11. Rhotana, Walk 311
1. fuscoiasciata, Dist. . . 312
2. triiuaculata, Dist 312
3. vitriceps, tital 313
4. iridipeiiuis, Melich. . . 313
5. albata, Melich 313
0. veuosa, Dist 314
12. Vinata, Dist 314
1. nigricornis, Stdl 314
2. nivosa, Dist 315
13. Uevadanda, Dist 315
1. pectinata, Dist 316
14. Geu. ?
1. crenatonervosa,7l/oi«'7i. 316
Subfam. 8. Lophopince 317
1. Elasmoscelis, Spin 318
1. platypoda, Kirby .... 318
2. Pitamb'aia, Dist 319
1. radians, Kirby 319
2. interniijta, Dist 320
3. undulata, Dist 320
4. sinviata, Dist 321
3. Corethrura, Hope 321
1. fuscovaria, Hope .... 322
4. Bisma, Dist 322
1. greeiii, Dist 323
5. Lacusa, Stdl 323
1. fuscofasciata, Stdl .... 324
Page
6. Serida, Walk 3,24
1. latens, Walk 325
7. Zaiiiila, Walk 326
1. lycuides. Walk 326
2. aberraus, Kirby 326
3. perpusilla, Walk 327
8. Brixioides, Kirby 327
1. carinatus, Kirby .... 328
9. Jivatma, Dist 328
1. metallica, Dist 329
10. Kusunia, Dist 329
1. carinata, Dist 330
11. Varma, Dist S30
1 . trideus, Dist 331
12. I'adauda, Dist 331
1. atkinsoni, Dist 332
Subfam. 9. Issiuce 332
1. Caliscelis, Lap 334
1. eximia, Stdl 334
2. Augila, Stdl 335
1. bingiiami, Dist 336
3. Tatva, Dist 336
1 . bufo, Dist 337
4. Bralimaloka, Dist 337
1. bowringi, Dist 337
5. Jaganuata, Dist 338
1. chelonia, Dist 338
2. maculata, Dist 339
6. Tetrica, Stdl 339
1. fusca, Stdl 340
2. bifasciata, Dist 340
3. viridimixta, Dist 340
7. Hvsteropterum, Amy. ^•
Serv 341
1. subfasciatum, Melich. . 341
2. fusculum, 31elich 342
8. Sariuia, Melich 342
1. illibata, Melich 343
2. elongata, Melich 343
3. cretata, Dist 344
9. Givaka, Dist 344
1. hampsoni. Dist 345
10. Vishnuloka, Dist 345
1. promiiiLila, Dist 345
2. cuneata, Dist 346
11. Iladha, Melich 346
1. acuminata, Melich. . . 347
12. Devagama, Dist 347
1. rana, Dist 348
2. venosa, Dist 348
13. Narayana, Dist 349
1. rusticitatis, Dist 349
2. sellata, Melich 350
SYSTEMATIC IjS'DEX.
Page
3. piceipeuni.'^, Dist 350
4. uiubrosa, Disf 350
14. Samantiga, Dist 351
1. abdominalis, Z)/*/ 351
15. Sivaloka, Dist 3.52
1. limacodes, Dist 35:2
•2. bipai'tita, Di'it 353
IG. Sudasina, Dist 353
1 . testudo, Dist 353
17. Lusaiida, Stal 354
1. fissioeps, Stal 354
18. Tonga, Kirk 355
1. westwoodi, Si(/)i 355
19. FJavina, StcU . .'. 35(i
1. srranulata. StcJl 357
■2. striata, Dist 357
20. Nilalohita, Dist 358
1. curculioides, Dist 358
21. Hemisphajrius, Schaum . . 359
1. rufovarius, JJ'al/i 359
2. testaceus, Dist 360
3. virescens, Dist 360
4. secundus, Melich 360
5. scliaumi, StSJ 361
6. nilgiriensis, Dist 361
7. reticulatus, Dist 361
8. eloDgatus, Dist 362
9. bipustulatus, Walk. . . 362
10. dubius, Bull 362
11. herbaceus, Kirbi/ . . . , 363
12. venosus, Dist 363
22. Hemispba3roid(;s, Melich. . 364
1. aBEeouiger, Melich. . . 364
2. liueatus, Melich 364
23. Pterilia, Strll_ 365
1. ceylouensis, Stal .... 365
2. signata, Dist 366
3. piceata, Dist 366
24. Pterygoma, Melich 366
1. nasuta, Melicli , 366
25. Gen.P
1. pectiuipennis, Gucr. . . 367
26. Egropa, Melich 3(i8
1. inusta, Melich 368
Subfam. 10. Ricaniina- 369
Div. 1. Ricauiiuaria 369
1. I'ocbazia, Amy. S) Sen:. . 370
1. inteirupta, JValk 370
2. confiisa, Dist 371
3. angulata, Kirhij 372
4. fuscata, Fahr 372
5. striata, Kirhy 374
6. guttii'era, Walk 374
Page
7. atkinsoiii, Dist 374
8. triaugularis, Dist 375
2. Ricania, Germ 375
1. feuestrata, Fabr 376
2. marginalis. Wall: 376
3. speculum, Walk 377
4. miteseens, Dist 377
5. siimilans, Walk 378
6. bicolorata, Dist 378
7. zebra, Dist 379
8. stupida, Walk 379
9. stigma, Walk 380
10. pulverosa, Stal 380
11. distincta, Melich 381
12. apieali-s Walk 381
13. spoliata, Melich 382
14. fumosa, Walk 382
3. Ricanoptera, Melich 382
1. iuculta, Melich 383
2. mellerborsi, StSl .... 383
3. polita, Melich 384
4. opaca, Dist 384
4. Euricania, Melich 385
1. ocellus, Walk 385
5. Privesa, Stal 386
1. delecta, Melich 386
2. coniinis, Dist 386
Div. 2. X g o d i u i a r i a . . . . 387
1. Detya, Dist 387
1. fuscoiiebulosa, Dist. . . 388
2. Varcia, StM 389
1. hemerobii. Walk 389
2. iireeni, Kirbi/ 390
3. kaudviaua, Dist 390
4. similata, Melich 391
3. Pisacha, Dist 391
1. naa-a, Dist 392
4. Pucina, StPd 392
1. pellucida, Guer 393
5. Gsetulia, Stal 394
1. nigrovenosa. Melich. . . 394
6. Gen. Y
1. promiuens, Walk 395
7. Lasonia, Melicli 395
1. liirkaldyi, Melich 396
Subfam. 11. Flatin(e 397
Div. 1. Phromniaria 397
1. Phromnia, StSl 398
1. margiuella, Oliv 398
2. tricolor, White 399
3. rubicunda, Dist 400
SrSTEilATIC INDEX.
4. flaccida, ll'a/k 4(J0
0. inoutiAaga, Dist 401
6. viridula, Atkins 401
7. inornata, If '"Ik 402
8. deltotensis, Xirbi/ .... 402
9. intacta, Walk. [ 402
2. Anggiva, Dist 403
1. typica, Dist 403
3. Dauavara, Dist 404
1. teunentina, ll'nik 404
2. latipennis, Kirhy .... 405
4. Chatuibuja, Dist 405
1. comma, Walk. ..... 400
5. Lecbasa, Stdl 407
1. dentifrous, Gui'r 407
Div. 2. C erj'iiiari a 407
1. Cerynia, StSl 408
1. maria, White 408
2. Copsyrua, StSl 409
1. maculata, Guer 410
3. Hansenia, Kirk 411
1. glauca, Kirhij 411
4. Bytliopsyrna, Melich 412
1. circulata, Guir 412
Div. 3. Flataria 413
1. Phvllyphanta, Amy. S;
Serv 414
1 . andamanensis, Z><s^. .. 414
2. albopimctata, Kirbij . . 415
3. sinensis, Walk 415
4. angulifera, Walk 416
2. Pulastya, List 417
1. acutipenuis, Kirhy . . . . 417
3. Salnruis, Stal 418
1. margiuellus, Gitei: . . 418
2. uniformis, Dist 419
4. Pulaba, Dist 419
1. contracta, Dist 419
5. Lawaua, Dist 420
1. conspersa, IValk 420
2. radiata, Dist 421
3. bicarinata, Dist 421
G. Scarpantina, Melich 422
1. bimaculata, Dist 422
2. modesta, Dist 423
7. Colobestbes, Amy. i>) Serv. 423
1. faleata, Guer 424
8. Daksha, Dist 425
1. marginata, Walk 425
9. Satapa, Dist 426
1. sicula, Dist 426
2. granulosa, Dist . 427
Paee
10. Flata, Fahr 427
1 . ocellata, Fabr 428
2. feiTugata, Fabr 429
Div. 4. Nephesaria 429
1. Melicbaria, Kirk 430
1. quadrata, Kirhy 431
2. lutescens, Walk 431
3. lactitera, Walk 432
2. Hilavrita, Dist 432
1. trimaculata. Dist 433
2. fatua, Melich 433
3. Xepbesa, Amy. S; Serv. . . 434
1. coromandelica, Spin. . . 434
4. Crvptoflata, 3Ielich 435
l.Vultularis, Walk 435
5. Nakta, Dist 436
1. stoliczkana, Dist 436
6. Unnata, Dist 437
1. intracta, Walk 437
7. Tejasa, Dist 438
1. umbrata, Dist 438
8. Ory.xa, Melich 43!)
1. truncata, Linn 439
Div. 5. Selizaria 440
1. Seliza, Stc°l 440
1. vidua, Stal 441
2. feiTLiginea, Walk 441
3. partita, Melich 442
4. truncata, TJ'alk 442
5. nigropunctata, Kirhi/ .' 443
2. Gomeda, Dist * . . 443
1. abdominalis, Kirby . . 444
3. Farona, Melich 444
1. fuscipehnis, Melich. . . 445
4. Ketu.nala, Dist 446
1. bisecta, Kirhy 446
5. Anaya, Dist 447
1. mesochlora. Walk. . . 447
2. spectra, Dist 448
6. Gen.?
1. ambrosa, Melich 448
2. albicosta, Melich 448
3. proxima, Melich 449
Div. 6. Flatoidesaria 449
1. Atracis, Stal 450
1. indica, Walk 450
2. munita, Melich 451
3. emersoiiiana, Walk. . . 451
4. nietueri, Stal 452
5. consaugainea, Dist. . . 453
6. erosipenuis, Stdl .... 453
7. moelleri, Dist 454
SYSTEMATIC I^DEX.
Pase
8. pei'])lexa, Walk 455
9. liimalaviiua, Disf 455
10. cretacea, Disf 456
11. fimbria, TValk 457
12. insularis, JDist 458
13. conspurcata, Melich. . . 458
14. iusurgens, Melicii .... 458
•2. Flatoides, Guer 459
1. servus, Mclicli 459
0. Gaja, Dist 460
1. definitiva, Dist 460
2. inconspicua, Kirbij . . . . 461
0. facialis; i'/'^;^. ." 402
4. subtilis, Melich 462
4. Bocliara, Dist 463
1. parva, Kirhy 463
2. iiebulosa, Dist 464
5. Gen. ?
1. lyncea, Fahr 464
Subfam. 12. Delphacince .... 465
1. Parauda, Melich 466
1. globiceps, Melich. . . . 466
2. Pimdaluoya, Kirk 4(57
1. ernesti, Kirby 467
2. simplex, Kirby 468
3. simplicia, Dist 468
3. Upacbara, Dist 469
1. stigma, Dist 469
4. Purohita, Dist 470
1. cervina, Dist 470
5. Sogata, Dist 471
1. dobertvi, Dist 471
6. Toya, Dist 472
1. atteauata, Dist 472
Page
7. Kilaparvata, Dist 473
1. greeui, Dist 473
S. Kalpa, Dist 474
1. aculeata, Dist 474
9. Sardia, Melich 475
1. rostrata, Melich 475
10. Orchesma, Melich 476
1. marginepunctata, Me-
lich , 477
2. sereudiba, Melich 477
11. Smara, Dist 478
1. festiva, Dist 478
2. atrata, Dist 479
12. Dicranotropis, Fieh 479
1. nigTopunctatuSjJ/oiJsc/i. 480
13. Liburnia, Stal 480
1. fumipennis, Melich. . . 481
2. veiiosa, Motsch 481
3. minutula, Melich 482
4. alboguttata, Melich. . . 482
5. albicollis, Motsch 483
6. frontalis, Alelich 484
7. psylloides, Leth 484
8. unistrigosa, Motsch. . . 485
9. sordescens, 3Iotsch. . . 486
10. pallidula, Melich 486
11. Havida, Melich 487
12. albomarginata, Melich. 487
13. f urcifera, Horv 487
14. marginalis, Motsch. . . 488
15. coloratus, Motsch 488
14. Mestus, Motsch 489
1. morio, Motsch 489
2. testaceus, 3Iotsch 490
15. Eodelpbax, Kirk 490
1. serendiba, Kirk 491
Page 70.
., 90,
., 108.
., 112.
., 115.
:, lis.
., 128.
„ 167.
„ 171.
., 188.
222.
." 243.'
, 279.
ERRATA.
Line 9 from top for " t. xi." read " t. ii."
124 & 131. Date of J. A. S. B. liii is 1885.
Line 16 from bottom for •' ganameda," read gamameda."
„ 3 " - - -
„ 20
„ 16
„ 19
„ 18
for "xiv," read " xv."
for "xiv," read " xv."
for " V," read "vi."
for " ransonetti," read ransonneti.'
for "( 1864)," read"(IS34)."
18 & 20 from bottom for "(1825)," read "(1857)."
7 from top for "Ivii," read " Tii."
4 ., bottom for " 324," read " 683."
13 „ „ for " 13," read " 134."
26 „ „ for "xi," read "ii."
top
Order RHYNCHOTA.
Suborder HETEROPTERA.
Family ANTHOCORIDiE.
This family comprises a number of small insects, and is allied to
the Capsidge, from which it may be at once separated by the
structure of the hemelytra, which contain an embolium.
Very little is still known as regards the species of British
India. Dr. Eeuter, who published a monograph of the family
in 1884, included only two species from our fauna with which he
was acquainted, though he referred to two others described by
Motschulsky and three by Fieber, which he had not seen. Of
these latter five little-understood species, four are now figured in
the following pages. AValker described three species : of these
one belongs to the family Lygseidse, and the other two represent
one species.
In framing the synopsis of the following genera I have adhered
to Eeuter's classification in subfamilies ; if I have not followed his
other divisional characters, it is for the reason that my available
material is insufficient either in quantity or condition to discriminate
the smaller characters on which he relies. Besides which, this
series of volumes is intended for the use of Indian naturalists
rather than to serve the purposes of a universal monograph.
Sy7io2^sis of Subfamilies.
A. Eostrum three- jointed ; tarsi with two or three
joints Anthocorince.
B. Eostrum four-jointed ; tarsi with two joints . . Microphysina;.
Subfamily I. ANTHOCOEIN^.
Anthocorina, Rent. Act. Soc. Set. Fenii. xiv, pp. 557, 558 (1885).
For the discrimination of this subfamily I rely chiefly on
Eeuter's first-mentioned character, viz. the three-jointed rostrum.
As regards the tarsi, I recognize both those with two and three
joints, and not only those with three joints as restricted in his
diagnosis by Eeuter.
YOL. III. B
ANinOCOBlD.!:.
Si/nopsis of Genera.
A Antennse wboUy, or with the apical joints,
longly pilose or setose.
a. Anterior femora broadly thickened, spinose
beneath ■' •. Ostokodias, p. 2.
b. Anterior femora not prominently iucrassated.
«. Head Ion"- and slender, longer than breadth
including eyes Arnulphus, p. 3.
6. Head about as long as breadth including
eyes.
«'. Body above more or less longly pilose
or setose.
n^. Anterior margin of pronotum about
half the width of posterior margin ;
lateral margins of corium a little
convex Amphiareus, p. 4.
P. Anterior margin of pronotum about
one-third the width of posterior
margin ; lateral margins of corium
concavely sinuate Lippomanus, p. 5.
b'. Body above neither prominently pilose
nor setose Euspud^us, p. 5.
B. Antenufe neither pilose nor setose.
a. Anterior and posterior femora strongly in-
crassate and spinose beneath Sesellius, p. 6.
b. Anterior femora, only, thickened and spinose [p. 7.
beneath ' Odontobrachys,
c. Femora neither thickened nor spinose Triphleps, p. 8.
Genus OSTORODIAS.
Ostorodias, Dist A. M. N. H. (7) xiv, p. 219 (1904).
Type, 0. contuhernalis, Dist.
Distribution. N.W. Himalayas.
Elongate, subdepressed ; head broad, not columnar, about as
broad (including eyes) as long ; antennae four-jointed, first joint
moderately thickened, not reaching apex of head, second joint
thickened, about as long as head, third and fourth sliorter, sub-
equal in length and longly setose ; rostrum robust, three-jointed,
first joint not quite reaching base of head, second joint about
as long as first, but more slender, third joint short, about reaching
anterior coxae ; eyes subprominent ; pronotum with a narrow
obsolete anterior collar and a raised central longitudinal carination,
on each side of which the surface is laterally deflected and dis-
tinctly foveate, anterior mai'gin about half the width of posterior
margin, which is concavely sinuate ; scutellum long, subtriangular
with two profound basal foveas at base ; corium with the margins
Bubparallel, the cuneus large and semicircular; membrane with
four subparallel veins ; tarsi apparently three-jointed, as can be
seen from three indifferent specimens ; anterior femora broadly
thickened, spinose beneath.
ARNULPHUS.
1472. Ostorodias contuberiialis, Bist. A. M. N. H. (7) xiv, p. 219
(ino4).
Black ; coriuai sordidly strami-
neous, cuneus pale piceous, mem-
brane smoky hyaline ; apices o£
femora and the whole of the tibiae
and tarsi dull stramineous ; head
and pi'ouotum obscurely punctate,
the latter faintly transversely stri-
gose ; scutellum obscurely punctate ;
hemelytra finely tomentose ; other
structural characters as in generic
diagnosis.
Length 3^ millim.
Hah. N.W. Himalayas {E. P.
Stehhing, Brit. Mus.).
In galleries of the beetle Poli/-
grajihus sp. in spruce-fir (Stebbing).
Fig. 1.
Ostorodias contubernalis.
Genus ARNULPHUS.
Arniilphus, Dist. A. M. N. II. (7) xiv, p. i'20 (1904).
Type, A. aterrhav.s, Dist.
Distribution. Burma.
Elongate, subdepressed ; head somewhat long and slender,
longer than breadth including eyes ; rostrum three-jointed, first
and second joints incrassate, first short,
second much the longest, third slender,
about reaching the anterior coxae ; an-
tennae four- jointed, finely hirsute, first
joint shortest, second, third, and fourth
joints almost subequal in length ; pro-
notum with a wide anterior collar,
before which it is also medially con-
stricted, anterior about half the breadth
of posterior margin, which is strongly
concavely sinuate ; scutellum mode-
rately gibbous at base ; membrane with
three (perhaps four) longitudinal veins ;
femora moderately incrassated ; tarsi
two-jointed ; cuneus somewhat large
and prominent.
1473. Arnulphus aterrimus, Dist. A.
, , ^'S- 2. M. N. II. (7) xiv, p. 220 (1904).
Arnuljjhus aterrimus.
Shining black ; corium brownish-
ochraceous, the cuneus black ; legs, antennae, and lateral margins
b2
4 ANa?HOCOEID.i:.
of corium finely hirsute ; head, pronotum, and scutellum glabrous ;
apical area of scutellum trausverseh' strigose ; apices of the in-
termediate and posterior tibiae aud the tarsi stramineous ; other
structural characters as in generic diagnosis.
Length 4 millim.
Hob. Burma ; Karenuee.
Genus AMPHIAREUS.
Amphiareus, Dist. A. M. N. H. (7) xiv, p. 220 (1904).
Type, A. fulvescens. Walk.
Distribution. Ceylon ; Burma.
Subelougate, setose ; head anteriorly ])roduced, columnar, about
as long as bi'eadth including eyes ; rostrum three-jointed, first
joint very short and thickened, second joint much the longest,
third shorter, longer than first and reaching the anterior coxae ;
antennae four-jointed, setose, first joint shoi't, moderately thick-
ened, not reaching apes of head, second joint longest, moderately
thickened, third and fourth joints short and slender, subequal in
length ; pronotum profoundly constricted near middle, anterior
area glabrous, posterior area punctate, anterior margin about
half the ^ndth of posterior margin, which is concavely sinuate ;
scutellum broad, transversely excavate at base ; hemelytra longly
pilose, the lateral margins slightly ampliately rounded; mem-
brane apparently with three veins ; legs slender ; tarsi two-
jointed.
1474. Amphiareus fulvescens, Walk.
(Xvlncoris) Cat. Het. v, p. 160
(1872) ; Leth. ^- Sev. (Cardiaste-
thus?) Cat. Gen. Hem. iii, p. 250
(1896).
Xvlocoris fumipennis, Walk. Cat.
'Het. v,p. 160 (1872) ; Leth. S,- Sev.
(Cardiastethus?) Cat. Gen. Hhn.
iii, p. 250 (1896).
Either pale stramineous, unicolorous,
or with the head, pronotum, and apical
area of the corium pale testaceous-
brown ; anterior area of the prono-
tum glabrous, posterior area punctate ;
membrane dull fuliginous-hyaline ;
hemelytra finely pilose, more strongly
so on the apical areas ; other struc-
tural characters as detailed in generic
diagnosis.
Length 2i millim.
Hah. Ceylon (Thivaites, Brit. Ifus.) ; Burma; Bhamo.
Fig. 3.
Amphiareus fulvescens.
EUSPUD.EUS. O
Genus LIPPOMANUS.
Lii^pomanus, Dist. A. M. X. H. {7) xiv, p ■221 (1904).
Type, L. hii'sidus, Dist.
Distribution. Burma.
Subelongate, depressed, hirsute ; head about as long as breadth
including eyes ; rostrum three-jointed, reaching anterior coxae,
first joint not quite reaching base of head, second longest ; antennae
hirsute, with the first joint not nearly reaching apex of head,
second longest, third and fourth more slender ; pronotum some-
what flat, with a transverse constriction near middle, the anterior
only about one-third the width of posterior margin, which is
strongly concavely sinuate ; scutellum strongly constricted near
middle ; coriura with the lateral margins somewhat strongly
concavely sinuate on basal halves ; membrane with four longi-
tudinal veins ; femora only moderately incrassate ; legs hirsute or
finely spinulose ; tarsi two-jointed.
1475. Lippomaniis hirsutus, Did. A. M. X. H. (7) xiv, p. 221
(1901).
Head, pronotum, and scutellum
black ; head in front of eyes piceous-
brown ; antennae ochraceous, the first
joint piceous ; corium ochraceous,
with an arched transverse medial
fascia crossing apical area of clavus,
and the apical area including cuneus,
fuscous ; membrane pale fuscous, the
inner and apical margins paler; body
beneath piceous, lateral margins of
abdomen, the legs, and rostrum ochra-
ceous ; pronotum, scutellum, and clavus
with scattered punctures ; corium in-
distinctly and finely punctate ; pro-
notum with a broad distinct ridge in
front of the transverse impression ;
scutellum transversely ridged at base,
foveately depressed on disk ; cuneus
ill-defined.
Length 3 millim.
B(ib. Burma : Karennee {Feci) ; Tenasserim : Thagata {Fea).
Fig. 4.
Lippomanus hirsutus.
Genus EUSPUDJEUS.
Euspudaeus, Rent. Act. Soc. Sci. Fenn. xiv, pp. 559 & 565 (1885).
Type, E. funebris, Motsch.
Distribution. Ceylon.
Body depressed, oblong-ovate ; head (collar excepted) with eyes
ANTHOCORID^ .
as broad as long ; aiilennse slender, first joint passing the apex o£
head, second joint linear and pilose, remaining joints in type
mutilated ; pronotum horizontal, anteriorly levigate, centrally
longitudinally canaliculate, posteriorly with two large fovese
medially confluent, and with a very obsolete apical annuliform
constriction situate between the angles, laterally and basally
sinuate ; hemelytra shining, coarsely punctate, cuneus levigate ;
membrane provided with four distinct subparallel veins ; meta-
sternum with a central medial carination ; posterior coxiB
subcoutiguous.
1476. Euspudaeus funebris, MoUch. (Antliocoris) Bull. Soc. Mosc.
xxxvi{3)p. S8 (186.3); Beitt. (Espu-
dfeus) Act. Soc. Sci. Fenn. xiv, p. 566
■■ "" '' ' (1885).
Above black, beneath pitch-black : an-
tenna?, rostrum, apex of head, and the
legspiceous-testaceous; hemelytra greyish-
stramineous, bases of corium and clavus,
margins of scutellum, claval suture, and
apex of cuneus broadly black ; rostrum
extending to the middle of the meso-
sternum, first joint extending to middle
of eyes ; antenna? with the second joint
about three times longer than the first,
its apex a little obscure ; scutellum with
the apical area depressed, transversely
strigose, basal area levigate.
Length 4^ millim.
Hah. Ceylon.
By the kindness of Dr. Yngve Sjii-
stedt, of the Stockholm Museum, I have been able to figure the
specimen on which Dr. Eeuter founded his genus.
Fig. 5.
Eusimd(eu» fnnehrii
Genus SESELLIUS.
Sesellius, Dist. A. M N. H. (7) xiv, p. 221 (1904).
Type, ;S^. pamZZeZ^s, Motsch.
Distribuiion. Ceylon.
Elongate, depressed; head a little longer than breadth between
eyes ; rostrum three-jointed, long, passing anterior coxa? ; an-
tenna; ^^•ith the first joint considerably thickened and not reach-
ing apex of head, a little longer than breadth between eyes,
which are only subprominent ; third antennal joint considerably
shorter than second; pronotum depressed, with an obsolete
narrow anterior collar, transversely excavate on disk, lateral
margins moderately sinuate and narro\\ed anteriorly, posterior
margin moderately concavely sinuate ; hemelvtra * A\-ith their
ODOyTOBRACHYS. 7
margins parallel ; membrane with a small basal cell and three
veins ; anterior and posterior femora very strongly incrassated,
and spinulose on their under surface ; tarsi three-jointed.
Owing to the specimen described being in a carded condition,
the structure of the sternum cannot be ascertained.
Fig. 6.
Sesellius parallelus.
1477. Sesellius parallelus, 3Iotsch. (An-
tliocoris) BkII. Soc. Mosc. xxxvi
(3) p. 89 (1863) ; Reut. Act. Soc.
Sci. Fenn. xiv, p. 717.
Shining, piceous or piceoiis-black ;
rostrum, tibiae, tarsi, and basal area of
corium stramineous ; membrane shining
stramineous on basal, greenish-fuscous
on posterior area ; pronotum more or
less transversely strigose, corium very
fiuely and palely pilose ; other struc-
tural characters as in generic diagnosis.
Length 2.| millim.
Hah. Ceylon {Lewis).
Genus ODONTOBRACHYS.
Odontobrachvs, Fieb. Wien. ent. Monafschr. iv, p, 261 (1860) : Eur.
Hem. p. 38 (1861).
Type, 0. niger, Eieb.
Distribution. British India.
Wings provided with a hamus in the cell. Pronotum without
an anterior constriction ; rostrum short, reaching the mesosternum,
apparently three-jointed, first joint occupying a third part of the
length of head ; antennae tliick, cylindrical ;
pronotum trapeziform, laterally curved ;
anterior femora broad, beneath medially
provided with a small tooth, and between
this and apex denticulate, posterior femora
not anteriorly denticulate ; hemelytra
coriaceous ; membrane apparently with-
out veins ; tarsi subclavateaud apparently
two -jointed.
147S. Odontobrachys niger, Fieb. Wien.
ent. MonatscJir. iv, p. 270, pi. vi.
fig. L (1860).
Fig. 7. Piceous-black, shining ; antennae, ante-
Odontohrachi/s niger. rior tibiae, and all the tarsi flavous, poste-
rior tibiae piceous ; abdomen beneath
moderately punctate ; hemelytra flavo-fuscous, margins blackish-
8 ANTHOCOEID^.
fuscous ; membrane fusco-flavous ; rostrum flavous, first joint and
base of second joint fuscous.
Length 2^ millira.
Hah. "India."
By the kindness of M. Joanny Martin, Fieber's type is here
figured.
Genus TRIPHLEPS.
Tripbleps, Fieb. Winu ent. Monatschr. iv, p. 266, pi. vi, fig. P (1860) ;
id Eur. Hem. pp. 39 & 140 (1861) ; Rent. Act. Sue. Sci Fenn.
xiV, pp. 611 & 643 (1885).
Type, T. Icevujatus, Fieb., a Palaearctic species.
Distribution. Apparently almost universal.
Body ovate or oblongly ovate, somewhat shortly and slightly
pubescent ; prouotum without or with a very obsolete anterior
constriction or collar ; rostrum not passing the anterior coxse ;
metasternum between coxae broadly rounded ; membrane with
three veins ; antennae short, second joint not longer than breadth
of head between eves.
1479. Triphleps tantilus, Motsch. (Anthocoris) Btdl. Soc. Mosc.
xxxvi (3) p. 89 (1863) ; Reid. Act. Soc. Sci. Fenn. xiv, p. 718
(1885).
Triphleps indicus, Rent. Act. Soc, Sci. Fenn. xiv, pp. 645 & 655
(1885).
Piceous-black ; corium and legs stramineous ; antenna? strami-
neous, basal joint usually more or less stramineous ; cuneus and
inner angle of corium sometimes very palely
fuscous ; membrane pale subhyaline ; abdomen
beneath brownish-testaceous ; head between
eyes slightly broader than long ; first joint of
antennae not reaching apex of head, second joint
not longer than breadth between eyes; pronotum
punctate, granulately punctate on posterior area,
with a very obsolete narrow collar at anterior
margin, which is less than one-half the breadth
of posterior margin, which is strongly concavely
sinuate ; apical area of scutellum transversely
pj„ 8 strigose ; corium coarsely punctate, the cuneus
Triphlejx tantilus. almost levigate ; rostrum reaching the anterior
coxae.
Length 1| to 2 millim.
Hab. l^en^aX {Copenhagen Mus.). Ceylon; Puudaluoya ((?ree}i).
Dr. Meinert very kindly forwarded me the type of Renter's
species for comparison.
PACHYTAESUS. 9
Subfamily 11. MICROPHYSIN^.
Micropliysina, Rent. Act. Soc, Set. Fenn. xiv, pp. 658 & 723 (1885).
I recognize this subfamily by the characters of a four-jointed
rostrum and two-jointed tarsi.
One geuus alone can now be enumerated, and that with some
hesitation, as the condition of the type of Pachytarsus, Fieb., kindly
forwarded to me from the Paris Museum for examination, was
somewhat imperfect in respect to the characters relied on for the
subfamily.
Genus PACHYTARSUS.
Pachytarsus, Fieb. Wien. ent. Monatschr. iv, p. 262 (1860) ; id.
Eur. Hem. p. 37 (1861); Rent. Act. Soc. Sci. Fenn. xiv, p. 757
(1885).
Type, P. crassicornis, Pieb.
Distribution. British India.
Wings provided with a hamus in the cell. Pronotum with an
anterior annuliform transverse stricture ; tarsi robust, short ;
rostrum reaching the apex of the prosternum, four-jointed, first
joint short ; antennae with the third and fourth joints distinctly
thickened ; mesosternum convex, anteriorly between coxae acutely
prolonged, posteinorly narrowed, rounded and impressed, nearly
bilobate ; metasternum nearly semilunar, margin convex ; embolium
narrow; membrane with three veins equally distant from one
another ; tarsi apparently two-jointed, but type specimens not in
sufficiently good condition for exact determination.
1480. Pachytarsus crassicornis, Fieb. Wien. ent. Monatschr. iv.
p. 269, pi. vi, t]g. E (1860).
Piceous-black ; hemelytra sordidy fla-
voiis, behind embolium to interior angle
of corium fuscous ; membrane unicolorous,
fusco-fuliginous ; antennae piceous, mode-
rately setose, apex of last joint whitish ;
rostrum fuscous, apex of second joint
and the whole of third joint flavescent ;
femora and tibiae fuscous ; tarsi some-
times, apices of anterior femora and the
anterior tibiae flavous.
Length 2^ millim.
Hah. " India orientalis.''
I am greatly indebted to M. Joanny
Martin, of the Paris Museum, for the
pjg g opportunity of figuring the type of this
Pachytarsus crasdcornis. species.
10 ANTHOCORID-^.
Geuus CYRTOSTERNUM.
CjTtosternum, Fieb. Wien. ent. Mo?iatsc/u: iv, p. 265 (1860) ; id.
Eur. Rem. p. 39 (1861).
Type, C.jlavicorne, Fieb.
DistrUmtion . Oriental Region,
Mesopeetus arched posteriorly and sloping off, deeply indented
behind ; raeta]3ectus short, broad, heart-shaped ; arched with a
marginal ridge; pronotum broadly trapeziform, broadly concave
behind, lateral margin sharpened and depressed, in front some-
what Avidened ; membrane with three nervures ; head beneath
arched. {Fieh.)
1481. Cyrtostermim fiavicorne, Fieh. Wien. ent. Monatschr. p. 270,
pi. vi, fig. (1860).
Pitchy brown, antennae, tibice, and joints of the tarsi yellowish ;
femora brown, base and apex yellowish ; corium dirty yellow ;
emboliura and triangle of the cuneus brown ; membrane brownish-
yellow, (Fieb.)
Length " f line."
Hah. India.
This genus and species are only known to me by the above short
descriptions, and the proper location is therefore quite enigmatical.
Mons. Joanny Martin, of the Paris Museum, informs me that the
type is no longer to be found in that collection, and it is therefore
perhaps better to regard it as lost.
rOLYCTENID.i:. 11
Family POLYCTENID^.
Polyctenidse, Westtv. Thesaur. Entom. p. 197 (1874).
The taxonomic position of this small family is almost still suh
judice. It is founded on the genus Pohjctenes (Westw. & Giglioli,
Quart. Journ. Microsc. Sc. iv, p. 25, 18G4), which was placed in
the Dipterous family Nycteribiidae. Westwood subsequently, in
founding a family for its reception supra, regarded it as represent-
ing aberrant Anophira or Lice. Waterbouse (Trans. Ent. Soc. 1879,
p. 309) considered its affinities to be with the Dipterous family
Hippoboscidfe, but subsequently (Trans. Ent. Soc. 1880, p. 320)
agreed with Westwood as to its inclusion with the Rhynchota.
Sharp (Camb. Nat. Hist, vi, p. 561, 1899) considers that " there
does not appear any sufficient grounds for removing these parasites
from Hemiptera-Heteroptera '' — a view in which I concur, and
have placed the Polyctenidse at the end of the genera composing the
Gymnocerata. Mr. Champion, ho\\ever, has not included a
(ruatemalan specimen described by Waterbouse in his enumeration
of the Heteroptera of Central America.
These insects are parasitic on Bats. Westwood's diagnosis has
been abbreviated by Sharp as follows : —
" Proboscis-sheath three-jointed, tarsi four- join ted, antennae
four-jointed. Tegmina quite short, of one consistence."
The species have been recorded from both the Eastern and
Western Hemispheres.
Genus POLYCTENES.
Polvctenes, Westio. Sf Giglioli, Quart. Journ. Microsc. Sc. iv, p. 25
(1864) ; Westw. Thesaur. Entom. p. 198 (1874).
Type, P. molossus, Westw. & Giglioli, found on a Chinese
species of Bat.
Distribution. Pound in both the Eastern and AVestern Tropics
but present knowledge very slight and imperfect.
Antenna? four-joiut^d, a little longer than the head, first joint
incrassated, angulated above near base and provided with long
setae, its apical area setose, the second, third, and fourth joints
decreasing in length, the third joint beyond base outwardly
provided with long setae ; rostrum shorter than head, three-
jointed, first joint a little dilated at base ; tarsi at apices sometimes
provided with a spinulose pulvillus.
1482. Polyctenes lyrae, Waterh. r/-.^..S'.1879,p.311, t. ix,ff. 1 & 2.
" Uniform pale pitchy-yellow. The anterior portion of the head
smooth and shining, with three or four stiff bristles on the margin
12
POLTCTENID^.
near the posterior angles. The antennse apparently with two
small joints at the base, the third joint very long, compressed,
concave, or channelled on the inner side, the fourth joint about
two-thirds the length of the third and more slender, the fifth
joint elongate, fusiform. The anterior portion of the head below
with five or six cultriform spines placed obliquely near the posterior
angles. The posterior portion of the head above smooth and
Fig. 10. — Foli/ctenes lyrcB.
shining, with a ridge on each side of the disk ; the ridge which
margins the sides anteriorly turns away posteriorly for The hind
angles, and is set with stiff bristles which increase in length
as they approach the hind angles ; the basal margin is closely set
with short cultriform spines. This portion of the head is concave
below, A\ith the anterior margin set with cultriform spines, the
sides with stiff bristles which become longer posteriorly ; at the
posterior angle there is a conical process which terminates in
a very long stiff bristle. The prothorax above has short stiff
hairs scattered over the surface, the basal margin has a row
of cultriform spines which are pitchy in colour. The dorsal
plates of the mesothorax are studded with minute hair-bearing
tubercles. The abdomen is sculptured in the same manner. The
prothorax is concave below on each side, so that the anterior legs
are entirely hidden in the cavity when retracted ; the prosternum
is elongate-ovate, with a mesial impressed line."
Length 3*5 millim.
Hah. Madras Presidency ; Secunderabad.
This species was found on a Bat forwarded to the British
Museum from the above locality. I have thought it better to
reproduce Mr. Waterhouse's minute description. Mr. Knight
has made original drawings from the type.
PELOGONID.E. 13
Family PELOGONID^.
Pelogonida, Stal, Hem. Afr. iii, p. 170 (1865),
IMonouycliida, Stal, torn. cit. p. 171.
Galgulidae, Stal, Eji. Hem. v, p. 137 (1876) *.
Pelegonidae, atite, vol. i, p. xxxvii.
Body short and broad ;-head very broad, with prominent eyes ;
ocelli present ; posterior legs thin, and formed for running.
Synopsis of Subfamilies.
A. Body oval ; rostrum long and slender ; ante-
rior legs normal Peloijonina;.
B. Body broadly ovate ; rostrum short ; anterior
legs raptorial Mononychince.
Subfamily I. PELOGONIN^.
Body oval ; head prominently depressed anteriorly ; eyes
reniform ; rosti'um long, slender, somewhat incrassate at base.
Genus PELOGONUS.
Ochtherus, Latr. Ge7i. Crust. Ins. iii, p. 142 (1807).
Ochtheva, Beryr. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1890, p. Ixvi t.
Pelogonus, Latr, torn. cit. iv, p. 384 (1809) ; Burm. Handh. ii, 1,
p. 202 (1835) ; Fieb. Gen. Hydroc. p. 14, t. 1 c (1851) ; Herr.-Sch.
Wanz. Ins. ix, p. 23, t. 290, ff. A-F (1853) ; Stdl, Hem. Afr. iii,
p. 170 (1865) ; ChamjJ. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Rhyn. ii, p. 344 (1900).
Type, P. marginatns, Latr.
Distribution. Probably distributed in all the larger zoo-
geographical regions.
Body moderately depressed ; head, including eyes, a little
narrower than the anterior margin of the prouotum and ante-
riorly truncately deflected ; rostrum reaching the posterior coxae ;
antennae short, four-jointed, inserted beneath the eyes ; pronotum
transverse, sexangular, the lateral margins laminately ampliated
and moderately rounded, its basal margin before scutellum con-
eaveiy sinuate ; scutellum broad, triangular : hemelytra totally
covering the abdomen ; legs moderate in length and slender.
* The generic name Galgulus, on which this family name is constructed, is
preoccupied, and therefore Telogonus, being the oldest remaining genus, must
be used in the formation of ihe family name.
t Dr. Bergroth, in seeking to revive the name Ochthera, states that Ochtherus
is only preoccupied ; whereas (cf. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1890, p. csix) it has been
pointed out that the reverse is tlie case, Ochthera having been used for Diptera
(1802). Latreille himself very rightly sank the names to prevent confusion, and
the genus is properly known as Felogonus.
14 PELOGONIDJ,.
Champion, who has examined many specimens of Central-
American species, states : — " The males have the seventh ventral
segment split down the middle, leaving the terminal genital
segment exposed, and they are very apt to be mistaken for the
opposite sex."
1483. PelogonilS marginatus, Latr. (Acanthia) Hist. Ins. xii. p. 242
(1804) ; id. (Ochtheriis) Gen. Ins. iii, p. 143 (1807) ; Aini/. ^ Sero.
(Pelogonus) Hem. p. 409 (1843); Fieb. Eur. Hem. p. 103
(1861) ; Sm, Hem. Afr. iii, p. 170 (1865) ; Montand. Ann.
Mils. Civ. Gen. xxxvii, p. 365 (1897).
Pelogonus caffer, Stdl, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1855, p. 46.
relogonus iudicus, Guer. Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 113.
Piceous-black ; apical margin of head,
basal two joints of antennae, lateral
and posterior margins of pronotum (the
last variable in width), lateral spots to
corium (of which the basal is elongate
and the others transverse, sometimes
obsolete), anterior margins of the ante-
rior acetabula, legs, and sometimes small
marginal spots to abdomen beneath, stra-
mineous or ochraceous.
Length 4 to 6 ; breadth 2| to 3|
millim.
Hah. India {fide Guerin). Burma ;
Karennee (Fea). — Cochin - China {Coll.
^^S 11- Distant). South Africa. Central Europe.
Peloffonus marffinaius. rj.^^ specimen figured is a variety from
Burma, collected by Fea and enumerated by Montandon.
Subfamily II. MONONYCHIN^.
Mononychinae, Montand Bull. Sac. Sci. Bucarest, vni, p. 392 (1899).
Body broadly ovate ; head vertical, triangular ; eyes sub-
reniform ; rostrum short, four-jointed ; anterior legs raptorial,
their femora inerassate ; tarsi heteromerous, anterior tarsi single-
jointed, posterior tarsi with two joints.
Genus MONONYX.
Monouyx, La]). Fss. Hem. p. 16 (1832) ; Amy. Sf Serv. Hem. p. 425
(1843) ; Fieb. Gen. Hydr. p. 12 (1851) ; Stkl, Hem. Afi: iii. p. 171
(1865) ; id. En. Hem. v, p. 138 (1876) ; 3Iontand. Bull. Soc. Sci.
Bucarest, viii, p. 394 (1899).
Type, M. 7-aj)toruis, Fabr., a Neotropical species.
Distribution. jVeotropical, Australasian, and Oriental Regions.
MOITONYX.
15
Hemelytra provided with a distinctly developed membrane ;
j)ronotum at bas-e before sciitellum distinctly coucavely sinuate,
its posterior angles rounded or obtuse; mesosterunm posteriorly
and the metasternnm elevated, compressed, the elevation a little
acuminate ; lateral margins of the hemelytra not sinuate and not
completely covering the abdomen.
1484. Mononyx serratus, Monfand. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xxxvii,
p. 36o (1897) ; id. Bull. Soc. Sci. Bucarest, viii, p. 396
(1899).
Fuscous-brown ; lateral margins of the pronotum, femora
(excluding apices), and a spot at base of anal segment ochraceous ;
head strongly tuberculous, with three
robust dentiform tubercles on an-
terior margin ; pronotum with the
disk gibbous, transversely impressed
behind middle, and with fine
longitudinal cariuations, the lateral
margins much depressed and am-
pliated, their margins subconvex,
carinate and obtusely dentate ; scu-
tellum with a distinct discal semi-
circular ridge, its apex somewhat
tuberculous; corium finely granulose,
with a few scattered tubercles ; con-
nexivum segmentally sinuate and
subdentate.
Length 8 to 9 ; breadth between
pronotal angles 6 to 7 millim.
Hah. Burma ; Karennee {Fea).
Montandon's type, by the courtesy of Dr. Gestro, is here
figured.
Fiff. 12.
Mononyx sciraiics
1485. Mononyx indicus, Atkins. J. A. S. B. 1888, p. 345 ; 3Iontand.
Bull. Soc. Sci. Bucarest, viii, p. 897 (1899).
Brownish-ochraceous tinged with greyish ; head and pronotum
irregularly tuberculate ; lateral margins of the pronotum some-
what roundly dilated, the margins obsoletely broadly crenulate ;
scutellum subconvex, with a somewhat large tubercle at each basal
angle and at the apex ; corium finely granulose and with some
small scattered tubercles ; membrane concolorous ; connexivum
with the posterior segmental angles slightly promiuent, and, as
described by Atkinson, sometimes black; coxae and femora yellow-
testaceous, tibiae and tarsi darker in hue, apices of the femora and
tibise piceous.
Length 9 to 10 ; breadth between pronotal angles 7 millim.
Hah. Sikhim.
An abundant species.
16 PELOGONID^.
1486. Mononyx grossus, Montnnd. Bull. Soc. Sci. Bucarest, viii, p. 398
(1899).
Fuscous-brown, lateral margins of the pronotum and exposed
connesivum testaceous-bro^^"n ; lateral margins of the pronotum
ampliately dilated, somewhat rounded, its angles subconvex and
projecting beyond the base of the corium, a strong transverse
impression near base, two longitudinal ridges connected ^^ith an
anterior transverse ridge, and two small foveations on disk ; two
discal tuberculous callosities between eyes ; scutellum a little raised,
granulose, with a longitudinal foveation on each lateral area :
corium distinctly convexly ampliated near base, after which it is
obliquely and almost straightly narrowed to apex, finely granulose
along the veins.
This species may be at once recognized and differentiated from
the two previously described by its greater width, the ampliated
margins of tlie pronotum, the convexly ampliated basal margins of
the corium, different discal structure of the pronotum, &c.
Length 11 to 12 ; gi-eatest breadth 8 to 8^ millim.
Hah. Assam; Noa Dihing {Chennell). — Tibet; Mou-pin
{A. David.).
:n^epid-1e. 17
Family NEPID^.
Nepida, Stal, Hem. Afr. iii, p. 185 (1865).
Body oblong or elongate ; lieacl small, moderately prominently
produced before eyes ; rostrum short, three-jointed ; antennae
short, three-jointed, inserted under the eyes ; hemelytra more or
less complete ; abdomen Mith apical long filiform appendages ;
legs sometimes very long, anterior legs raptorial ; tarsi consisting
oi a single joint.
The jNepidse are widely and generally distributed, and are
popularly known as " water-scorpions."
Si/)iopsis of Genera.
A. Body oblong, or elongately subovate ; pro-
notum about as long- or a little shorter than
broad, its anterior margin about twice as
broad as bead Laccotbephes, p. 17.
B. Body very long and narrow; pronotum slender,
very much longer than broad ; bead, in-
cluding eyes, broader than anterior pronotal
margin.
a. Anterior femora about as long as pro-
notum ; coxae very long .... = .,. Raxatea, p. 19.
b. Anterior femora considerably shorter than
pronotum ; coxae somewhat short Cercotmetus, p. 23.
Genus LACCOTREPHES.
Laccotrephes, Stdl, Hem. Afr. iii, p. 186 (1865) ; id. Hem. Fahr. i,
p. 134 (1868).
Nepa (part.), Ferrari, Ann. Hofmus. Wien, iii, pp. 162 &; 163 (1888).
Type, L. fabricii, Stal, an Ethiopian species.
Distribution. Ethiopian, Oriental, and Australasian Eegions.
Also found in China and Japan.
Body oblong or elongately subovate ; pronotum about as long
as broad, sometimes a little shorter than broad, a little sinuately
narrowed anteriorly, where it is about twice as broad as head and
behind which it is profoundly concavely sinuate, its base in front
of scutellum also strongly concavely sinuate, transversely con-
stricted behind middle, between which and anterior margin are two
discal longitudinal rugosities; scutellum slightly longer than broad;
membrane complete, reticulately veined ; legs of moderate length,
anterior femora incrassate and beneath longitudinally sulcate, the
anterior tibiae a little shorter than the femora.
The species of this genus appear to have a wide distribution, and
YOL. III. C
18
NEPIDjE,
are subject to considerable variation in colour and minor struc-
tural characters. Ferrari subjected tlie genus to a rigorous
revision, and proposed the recognition of many distinct species,
which I at least, and Montandon also, have been unable to
differentiate. Considei'able value has been placed on the ab-
dominal appendages for tlie differentiation of species, but these
are of a very fragile character and seldom complete in Museum
specimens, A good superficial differential character appears to
exist in the colour of the upper surface of the abdomen, and
this taken in a broad and not too narrow sense is undeniably
helpful.
With a considerable number of specimens passing through my
hands, including Montandon's cotypes and identified species, I
cannot recognize more than three species as found in British
India. Their size, combined with the colour of the abdomen
above, apart from other structural characters, renders their
separation a matter of little difficulty.
148'
Laccotrephes robustus, Stdl, Ofv. Vet.- Ak. Fork. 1870, p. 706:
Ferrari (Nepa), Ann. Jiofmus. Wien, iii, p. 182 (1888) ; 3Ion-
tand. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xxxvii, p. 376 (1897).
Tar. pfeiferiae, Ferrari (Nepa), Ann.
Hofmus. Wien, iii, p. 187 (1888) ;
Montand. Ann. 3Ins. Civ. Gen.
xxxvii, p. 376 (1897).
Tuscous or piceous ; abdomen
above sanguineous or subsangui-
neous, its apex fuscous ; femora
very obscurely palely annulate ;
wings vitreous, with a slightly bluish
tinge ; abdominal appendages about
equal in length to, or a little longer
than, the body ; hemelytra sub-
parallel.
Length 36 to 44 ; breadth between
post, pronotal angles 12 to 12^
millim.
Hah. Naga ' Hills {Chennell).
Burma ; Karennee (Feci). — Siamese
Malay States (Skeat Exped.). Perak
{colJ. Dist.). Philippines {Semper).
Fig. 13. — Laccotrephes rohus/ns.
1488. Laccotrephes ruber, Linn. (Nepa) 3his. Lud. Ulr. p. 165. 2
(1764) ; Mayr, lieise Nov., Hem.j,. 188 (1866) : &tal (Lacco-
trephes), ILejn. Fahr. i, p. 135 (1868) ; Montand. A^in. Mus.
Civ. Gen. xxxvii, p. 376 (1897).
Nepa giossa, Fahr. Ent. Syst. iv, p. 62. 5 (1794) : Ferrari, Ann,
Hofmus. Wien, iii. p. 177 (1888).
Nepa flavoveuosa, Dohrn, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxi, p. 409 (1860) ;
EANATKA. 19
Ferrari, Ann. Hofimis. Wien, iii, p. 184 (1888) ; IJist. (Lacco-
trephes) A. M. N. H. (7) xiv, p. G3 (1904).
Laccotrephes japoiiensis, Scott, A. M. N. H. (4) xiv, p. 450
(1874) ; Ferrari (Nepa), Aim. Hofmus. Wien, iii, p. 175
(1888).
Nepa eusoma, kohlii, deutata, Ferrari, Ann. Hofmus. Wie^i, iii,
pp. 179, 180, 183 (1888).
PNepa dubia, Ferrari, Ann. Hofmus. Wien, iii, p. 181 (1888).
A smaller and narrower species than L. rohustus, in colour
generally fuscous, sometimes piceous ; abdomen above reddish-
ochraceous, usually with a central longitudiual fuliginous fascia,
the apex brownish-ochraceous, sometimes, but rarely, with the
whole disk suffused with fuliginous ; wings vitreous ; abdominal
appendages a little longer than the body ; hemelytra subparallel.
Length 30 to 35 ; breadth between post, pronotal angles 7 to
9 niillim.
Bab. Sind (Vienna Mus.). Kashmir (Fliirjel). Naga Hills
(Doherti/). N. Khasi Kills (Chennell). Kangra Valley {Dudgeon),
Bombay (Dixon). Calcutta. Ceylon {Lewis). Burma ; Bhamo
{Fea). — China {Vienna Mus.). Formosa (Brit. Mus.). Japan
{Leivis).
1489. Laccotrephes maculatus, Fabr. (Nepa) Syst. Ent. p. 602, 5
(1775); StSl (Laccotrephes), Hem. Fabr. i, p. 135 (1868);
Ferrari (Nepa), Ann. Hofmus. Wien, iii, p. 187 (1888) ;
Montand. Ami. Mus. Civ. Gen. xxxvii, p. 377 (1897).
Nepa griseus, Guer. Iconoqr. Reyne Anim., Ins. p. 352, pi, Ivii,
tio-. 7 (1829-1838) ; Ferrari, Ann. Hofmus. Wien, iii. p. 185
(1888) ; Montand. (Laccotrephes) Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xxxvii,
p. 377 (1897).
Fuscous or griseous, pubescent ; abdomen above fuscous or
fuscous-brown, its apex paler, somewhat griseous; femora (except
in griseous varieties) with obscui'e fuscous shadings ; wings
vitreous, with a distinct bluish tinge ; abdominal appendages a
little longer than the body ; hemelytra slightly ampliated.
Length 15 to 20 ; breadth between post, pronotal angles 4| to
5 millim.
Hah. Bengal {Vienna Mus.). Assam {Chennell). Calcutta
Tanks {Ind. 3Ius.). Bombay (Leith 4' Dixon). Ceylon ; Colombo
{Leivis). Burma; Teiuzo, Ivarennee {Fea). — Borneo {Vienna
Mus.).
Genus RANATRA.
Ranatra, Fabr. Si/st. Hki/n;/. p. 108 (1803) ; StSl, Hem. Afr. iii,
p. 189 (1865) ; Mayr, Reise Nov., Hem. p. 189 (1866).
Type, R. Jiliformis, Fabr.
Distribution. Almost universal.
Body very long and narrow" ; head including eyes broader than
anterior margin of prouotum ; eyes very prominent ; prouotum
c2
20
UEPID.5:.
elongate, the posterior area Midened and elevated, its base pro-
foundly sinuate ; hemelytra complete, membrane reticulately
veined ; legs slender, anterior legs a little incrassate ; anterior
coxae long, longly extended beyond the apex of the head ; anterior
femora beyond middle armed with one or two spines, and more
than twice as long as the tibiae ; abdominal appendages usually
ong.
De la Torre Bueno (Canad. Entomol. xxxv, pp. 235-237) has
recorded the stridulating properties of an American species of
this genus (R. quadridentata, Stal), and states that the sound is
produced by both adults and nymphs.
1490. Eanatra elongata. Fabr. Skrivt. af Naturh. Selsk. I, i, p. 228,
2 (1790) ; id. Ent. Syst. iv, p. 65. 3 (1794) ; Mat/r, Reise Nov.,
Hem. p. 191, tab. v. fig-. 58 (1866) ; Stal, Hem. Fabr. i, p. 136
(1868).
Griseous ; anterior area of the pronotum and head very palely
castaneous ; posterior area of sternum, abdomen, and legs ochra-
ceous ; posterior tibije and tarsi infuscate ; anterior area of
Fig. 14. — Eanatra elongata.
pronotum with an obscure fuscous centi*al linear fascia ; abdomen
above fuscous, its lateral margins pale ochraceous ; metasternum
with a subtriangular process which is centrally longitudinally
foveately sulcate ; abdominal appendages longer than the body.
EANATEA. 21
Length excl. abdom. append. 41 to 45 ; length abdom. append,
about 47 millim.
Hah. Kashmir {Vienna Miis.). Calcutta {Ind. Miis.). Bombay
{Leitli 6,- Dixon). Nilgiri Hills {Hampson).
1491. Ranatra chinensis, Mm/r, Verh. z.-b.Ges. Wien, xv,p. 446 (1865) ;
id. Beise JS'oi:, Hem. p. 191, tab. v, fig. 59 (1866) ; Kirk. Sr
Montand. Entomoloqisti 1901, p. 51 ; Montand. Bull. Soc. Sci.
Bticarest, xii, p. 102 (1903).
Ranatra valida, Stal, Hem. Fabr. \, p. 136 (1868).
Ranatra pallidenotata, Scott, A. M. N. H. (4) xiv, p. 451 (1874).
Allied to R. elongata, but darker in hue ; hemelytra and poste-
rior tibiae and tarsi fuscous ; abdomen above black, connexivum
ochraceous ; anterior area of pronotum broader and shorter ;
metasternum with a subtriaugular process, not foveately sulcate as
in R. elongata, but with a distinct central linear carinate elevation.
Length body excl. abdom. append. 39 to 46 ; length abdom.
append, about 43 millim.
Hah. Burma; ^■axQxwieQ {Fea,fide Montandon). China. Japan
{Lewis).
1492. Ranatra feana, Montand. Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital. xxxv, p. 23
(1903).
Body robust, yellowish brown, brilliant, much paler beneath ;
hemelytra blackish on the lateral margins, jellow on the disk, the
apex of the membrane not extending quite to the apex of the
fifth abdominal segment ; abdominal appendages longer than
the body.
This species — which I have not seen — is described by Mon-
taudon as differing from R. elongata in the more robust shape,
the eyes proportionally less developed, the hemelytra a little longer,
the femora posteriorly more robust, the metasternal process very
elevated on a median line and not in form of a plate as in
the Fabrician species, and the anterior femora not toothed near
their apices. From R. chinensis it differs by the shorter
hemelytra, which in Mayr's species cover the base of the sixth
abdominal segment, the dentation of the anterior femora is also
different.
Length excl, abdom. append. 46 ; length abdom. append.
56 millim.
Hah. Burma; Mandalay {Fea).
1493. Ranatra filiformis, Fahr. Sh-ivt. af Naturh. Selsk. i. i, p. 228.
3 (1790); id. Ent. Syst. iv, p. 64. 1 (1794) ; Stdl, Hem. Fabr.
I, p. 135 (1868).
Dull obscure brownish -ochraceous ; head and anterior area of
pronotum pale castaneous ; posterior area of sternum, legs, and
22 KEPID^.
abdominal appendages pale ochraceous ; abdomen above pale
ocliraceous with a central longitudinal fuscous linear fascia ;
metasteriial process a little convex posteriorly, produced towards
the posterior coxae ; posterior pronotal angles with an inner
incision wliicb maizes them rather longitudinally prominent ; eyes
veiy prominent ; intermediate and posterior legs obscurely fus-
cously annulated, anterior legs a little less prominently annulate.
Length excl. abdom. append. 27; length abdoin. append, about
23 milinn.
Hah. Quetta, Karachi, Behar. Sibsagar {Brit. 2Ius.). Tranquebar
(CojjenJwgen Mas.). Bombay (DLvon). — Job ore. Philippines.
<g»^ 1494. Ranatra sordidula, Dohm, &tett. ent. Zeit. xxi, p. 409 (18G0).
Fuscous ; /'posterior areas of pronotnin and sternum, abdomen
beneath, anterior legs, and intermediate and posterior femora
dull ochraceous ; abdomen above ochraceous-brown, more or less
centrally longitudinally fuscous ; metasternal process ovate, a
little foveate, with a central longitudinal carinate line ; other
characters generally as in R. JiUformis, from which it is at once
separated by the different structure of the metasternal process,
darker coloration, and different colour of the legs and upper
surface of the abdomen.
Length excl. abdom. append. 22 to 24; length abdom. append,
about 20 millim.
Hab. Calcutta Tanks {Ind. Mus.). Ceylon {Green) ; Colombo
(Leivis). — Penang. Siam {Flower).
1495. Eanatra gracilis, DaJl. Tr. E. S. 1849, p. 10.
" Linear-elongate, ferruginous brown, obscure ; head with an
acute tubercle between the eyes ; scutellum with two small pits
on the disk towards the apex ; elytra reaching beyond the base
of the apical segment of the abdomen ; caudal setse short, rather
longer than the head and thorax together, slender, very slightly
pilose externally; abdomen beneath keeled, the keel not continued
beyond the base of the posterior legs : prosternum with two
longitudinal furrows ; legs very long and slender, subpilose ;
anterior thighs with six very faint teeth beneath at the base ; the
four posterior tibiae and tarsi simple." {Dallas.)
Length excl. abdom. append. 34 miUim.
Hah. Bhutan.
M. Montandon (Bull. Soc. Sci. Bucarest, xii, p. 110) considers
that this species may be identical with, and take priority of,
R. parmata, Mayr, Eeise JN'ov., Hem. p. 192, tab. v, fig. 60, a, h
(1866), which was described from Java. R. gracilis may be at
once distinguished from any of the preceding species here
enumerated by the shortness of the abdominal appendages, which
are only about the length of the head and pronotum together.
I have not seen the species.
CEECOTMETUS.
23
Geuus CERCOTMETUS.
Cercotmetus, Amy. i>,- Serv. Hem. p. 441 (1843); Stal, Hem. Afr.
iii,p. 186 (I860); Montand. Bull. Soc. Sci. Bucarest, xii, p. 107
(1903).
Type, C. asiaticus, Amy. & Serv., from Java.
Distribution, Oriental and Malayan Regions.
This genus differs from Banatra by the shorter coxfe, and by
the length of the anterior femora, which in Gercotmetas are con-
siderably shorter than tlie pronotum ; the abdominal appendages
are short, but this is a character found in soiue species of Banatra,
as, for example, B. gracilis, Uall.
1496. Cercotmetus fumosus, Dist. Entomologist, 1904, p. 278.
Uniformly somewhat dark fuscous ; head with a pointed tubercle
between the eyes ; hemelytra not reaching the apex of the fifth
abdominal segment, the coriaceous portion with some amount of
brownish-ochraceous pubescence ; abdominal appendages mutilated
in type; abdomen beneath strongly keeled, the keel continued
on sternum as far as anterior
coxte ; prosternum with two long
deep furrows ; intermediate and
posterior tibiae and tarsi inwardly
moderately but prominently pilose ;
pronotum as long as intermediate
femora.
By the last character this
species is to be distinguished from
G. asiaticus, in which the inter-
mediate femora are longer than the
IH'onotuin ; from G. pilipes, DalL,
it is separated by the much less
longly pilose inner margins of
the intermediate and posterior
tibife and the darker colour ;
the central carination of the body
beneath only reaches the anterior
margin of the metasternum, \^hich
also separates it from G. com-
positus, Montand.
Length excl. abdom. append.
47 millim.
Hah. Ceylon {Green, Brit.
Mvs.).
Fig. 15. — Cercotmetus fumosus.
1497. Cercotmetus pilipes, Hall. (Pianatra (Cercotmetus)) Tr. E. S-
1849, p. 2, pi. ii, iig. 6 ; Montand. Bull. Soc. Sci. Biicaresti
xii, p. 110 (1903).
" Linear-elongate, yellowish-brown, opaque ; head small, with a
24 XEPiD.r.
tubercle on the vertex between the eyes ; elytra not reaching the
apex of the penultimate segment of the abdomen, with the
coriaceous portion covered with very small hairy tubercles ;
caudal setae very short, not more than one-fourth the length of
the body, broad, compressed, and strongly pilose externally ;
abdomen beneath strongly keeled, the keel continued upwards
along the sternum, disappearing about the centre of the meso-
sternum ; prosternum with two long deep longitudinal furrows
extending its whole length ; legs somewhat robust and pilose ;
anterior thighs and tibiae very short ; intermediate and posterior
tibiae and tarsi furnished on the inner side with a double row of
long yellow hairs."' (DaUas.)
Length excl. abdom. append. 41 ; length abdom. append.
9 millim.
Hah. Bhutan.
I have not seen this species, which is apparently distinct from
any other yet described by the border of long yellow haii's to the
intermediate and posterior tibite and tarsi.
NAUCORID.i:. 25
Family NAUCORID^.
Naucoridse, Fieb. Eur. Hem. p. 32 (1861) ; Stdl, En. Hem. v, p. 141
(1876).
Aplielochira3, Fieh. Eur. Hem. p. 32 (1861),
We have already {ante. vol. i, p. xxxvii) given the salient
characters of this family. The species are truly aquatic and swim
freely both in fresh and stagnant water. None of them appear
to carry their eggs on their back, a practice common to the
following family Belostomatidce.
Synopsis of Subfamilies.
A. Head more or less prominent and rounded
in front of eyes, beneath ^^ith a profound
excavation in which is inserted the base of
rostrum.
a. Pronotum anteriorly strongly concavely ex-
cavate or sinuate, its posterior angles
more or less acuminate CJieirocheUnce.
B, Head broad, not prominently produced in
front of eyes.
b. Pronotum. anteriorly either not, or ob-
tusely or prominently broadly sinuate, its
posterior angles not acuminate.
a. Gula short, neither tumid nor tectiform . . Laccocorince.
h. Gula long, tumid or tectiform Naucorince.
Subfamily I. CHEIROCHELIN.^.
Cheiroclielinse, Montand. Ann. Mtis. Civ. &'e?i. xxxvii, p. 367 (1897).
Head more or less prominent and rounded in front of the eyes,
beneath with a profound excavation in which is inserted the base
of the rostrum ; eyes longer than broad ; pronotum strongly con-
cavely sinuate at its anterior mai'gin between the region of the
eyes, the posterior lateral angles more or less acuminate ; the
anterior femora very strongly dilated.
Synopsis of Genera.
A. Pronotum with the lateral margins concavely
narrowed anteriorly ; greatest breadth of
abdomen less than, or about equal to, its
length Cheirochela, p. 26.
B. Pronotum with the lateral margins convexly
narrowed anteriorly ; greatest breadth of
abdomen considerably exceeding its length. . Oestroiklla, p. 27.
26
JJ'AUCOKID.^,
Genus CHEIROCHELA.
Cheirocliela, Hope, Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii, p. 442 (1841) ; Jlontand.
Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xxxvii, p. 368 (1897).
Chirocliela, Fieb. Gen. Hydr. p. 17 (1851).
Type, C. assamensis, Hope.
Distrihution. Oriental Eegion.
Body depressed, elongate-ovate ; head strongly and broadly
produced in front of eyes, which are much longer than broad,
beneath with a deep excavation containing the base of the rostrum,
posteriorly convexly elongated at base between the eyes ; pro-
notum transverse, its anterior margin concave before the basal
prolongation of the head, its anterior lateral angles elongately
and its posterior angles transversely acuminate ; scutellum broad,
subtriangular ; hemelytra not covering the whole of the abdomen,
coriuro completely roiinded and hiding connexivum for about half
its length and then obliquely attenuated ; abdomen broad, de-
pressed, the lateral posterior segmental angles more or less
spinously produced; anterior femora very strongly dilated, anterior
tibiae and tarsi confluent and curved ; intermediate and posterior
tibisB clothed beneath with lou'r thick hairs.
1498, Cheirochela feana, Montand. Ann
p. 370 (1897).
Dark fuscous-brown ;
inner margins of eyes,
Mus. Civ. Gen. xxxvii,
lateral and anterior margins of head,
lateral margins and posterior angles of
pronotum, transverse subbasal fascia
to scutellum, basal dilated margin of
corium above and beneath, lateral mar-
gins and inner spots to connexivum,
lateral margins of prosteruum, inter-
mediate and posterior femora, and bases
of intermediate and posterior tibiae,
brownish -ochraceous ; body beneath
shortly pilose and greyish-brown. Pro-
notum granulose, with transverse striae
on centi-al anterior area, the posterior
lateral angles strongly produced and
with a transverse subbasal furrow ;
corium rugose; membrane not reaching
apex of abdomen.
Length 24| to I26| ; breadth between
pronotal angles 13 millim.
Hah. Burma ; Karennee (Fea).
The type, by the courtesy of Dr. Gestro, is here figured.
1409. Cheirochela assamensis, Hojje, Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii, p. 442,
tab. xl, tio'. 9, a, b. c, d, e, f (1841) ; Fieb. (Chirochela) Gen.
Hydr. p. 18 (1851).
Cheirochela biriuanieusis, Montand. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xxxvii,
p. 369 (1897).
Smaller than G. feana, with the posterior pronotal angles more
Fig. l(j. — Cheirochela fcai
GESTROIELLA.
27
straightly and laterally, not backwardly produced; anterior femora
considerably less dilated ; corium much less rugose and with its
anterior marginal area a little less convex, apex of membrane
narrower and less broadly convex ; colour and markings very
similar.
Length 22 to 23 ; breadth between pronotal angles 9 to 9^ millim.
Hah. Assam {Oxford Mus.). Burma ; Karennee (Feci).
By the kindness "of Prof. Poulton of Oxford and Dr. Gestro of
Genoa, T have been enabled to compare the types of Hope and
Moutandon and to establish their common identity.
Genus GESTROIELLA.
Gestroiella, Montand. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. xxxvii, p. 371 (1897).
Type, Gr. limnocoroides, Montand.
Distribution. Burma.
Subrotundate ; head rather longer than the breadth between
eyes, which are elongate and posteriorly immersed in the anterior
lateral margins of the pronotnm, rounded in front and posteriorly
elongated, its central basal margin truncate ; pronotum broad,
its lateral marginal areas ampliated, its posterior angles acuminate,
its posterior margin ridged ; scutelknn broad, subtriangular ;
hemelytra with the membrane obsolete, the longitudinal suture
very distinctly notched beyond middle, the basal area marginally
convexly rounded and covering abdomen, and then obliquely
narrowed to apex exposing connexivum, the segments of which
are bispinous ; anterior femora in the male strongly dilated and
concavely sinuate anteriorly ; anterior tibi£e strongly arcuate
and internally broadly dentate beyond middle, intermediate and
posterior tibiae internally clothed with line long hairs.
1500. Gestroiella limnocoroides, Montand. Ayin. Mus. Civ. Gen.
xxxvii, p. .371 (1897).
Above fuseous-bi'own, with three longitudinal fascia? to head
and two irregular discal fascise to pro-
notum dull castaneous; body beneath
pals brown, legs beneath and mottlings
to their upper surface pale castaneous ;
body depressed, longer than broad ;
pronotum with a series of transverse
striag behind the posterior prolongation
of head ; scutellum transversely ridged
anteriorly ; hemelytra, excluding lateral
marginal areas, subverrucose ; con-
Fig. Ti. -Gestroiella nexivum strongly spinous.
limnocoroides. Length 17 to 19 ; greatest breadth
13i to 14i milUm.
Hah. Burma ; Karennee {Fea).
Montaudon's type is here figured.
28 NAUCORID.B.
Subfamily II. LACCOCORINtE.
Laccocorinpe, 3Iontand. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xlvii, p. 435, 1897.
Laccocoiaria (part.)? ^t°'h ^"- Hem. v, p. 142 (1876).
Eostrum short; anterior margin of pronotum not or only
obtusely sinuate ; gula sliort, neither tumid nor tectiform ; eyes
in some genera outwardly laminately marginate, sublobate ; anterior
tarsi variable.
Siino])sis of Genera.
A. Ej^es with an external process between their
outer margin and the anterior angle of the
pronotum.
a. Eyes anteriorly divergent Diaphorocoris, p. 28.
b. Eyes anteriorly convergent Heleocobis, p. 29.
B. Eyes without external process Ctenipocoris, p. 32.
Genus DIAPHOEOCORIS.
Diaphorocoris, Montcmd. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xli, p. 61 (1897) ; id.
Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, x\yu, p. 436 (1897).
Type, D. 2)unctatissimus, Kirby.
Distribution. Ceylon.
Body oblong ; head large and broad, eyes very divergent, over-
hanging the anterior margin of the pronotum, with a triangular
external process occupying the space between the middle of the
eye and the anterior angle of the pronotum ; pronotum transverse,
a little longer than the median line of the head, more than two
and a half times broader between the lateral angles than medially
long ; scutellum very large ; claval suture a little shorter than
scutellum ; membrane well developed, valvular ; connexivum
almost invisible above ; anterior femora moderately thickened, the
tibise straight and the tarsi two-jointed ; labrum transverse, rounded
in front ; mesosternum tumid before the intermediate coxse.
1501. Diaphorocoris punctatissimus, Kirbi/ (Naucoris?), J. Li7in.
Soc, Zool. p. 125 (1891); Montand.
(Diaphorocoris), Verh. z.-b. Ges, Wien,
xlvii, p. 445 (1897).
Diaphorocoris notatus, Montand.
Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xli, p. 61, 1897.
Keddish-testaceous, very thickly punc-
P\ tured ; lateral areas of pronotum, outer
^IS^Pi process to eyes, and basal lateral mar-
gins of corium, with a detached central
'K\ "VmWf"' J" ^^^^^ ^^ same, ochraceous ; body beneath
u ^SBPw i| and legs almost entirely ochraceous.
'' A strong peculiarity of this species is
its thickly punctate upper surface ; the
pjt, 18 eyes are black, and the posterior margin
Biaphorocori^punctatissimiis. of the pronotum and the whole of the
scutellum more or less piceous ; the
scutellum is finely granulose, with its apex paler; membrane
piceous.
Length 7 to 74 millim.
HELEOCOEIS. 29
Hah. Ceylou ; Pundahioya (G^r€(?w).
Found on wet rocks by running water {E. E. Green).
Genus HELEOCOEIS.
Heleocoris, Stdl, En. Hem. \, pp. 142 & 146 (1876) ; Montand.
Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xlvii, p. 436 (1897).
Type, H. ohliquatus, Spin.*
Histi'ibution. Very widely distributed ; at present recorded from
all the principal zoological regions excepting the Nearctic and
Australasian.
This genus is to be primarily separated from the preceding one
{Diapliorocons) by the structure of the eyes, which are subparallel
and slightly converging anteriorly ; disk of the prouotum regidarly
and uniformly convex ; connexivum posteriorly visible; the corium
a little obliquely narrowed from above middle to apex ; membrane
small.
1502. Heleocoris strabus, Montand. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xxxvii,
p. 372 (1887) : id. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xlvii, p. 447 (1897).
Head and pronotum fuscous ; three spots on anterior margin
of head, the process beyond eyes,
and the lateral margins ot the pro-
notum more or less ochraceous, the
last with some small fuscous spots ;
hemelytra and scutellum piceous, basal
lateral margin of corium and exposed
connexivum ochraceous ; body beneath
and legs ochraceous, a spot on each side
of head beneath piceous ; abdomen
brovvnish-ochraceous, lateral margins of
the hemelytra abruptly and strongly
sinuate behind the embolium, where it is
Y\g.\9.— Heleocoris strahiis. truncately cut ; lateral posterior angles
of the pi'onotum obliquely truncate ;
eyes anteriorly converging their whole length ; claval suture as
long as the scutellum.
Length 11 millim.
Hah. Tenasserim ; Thagata {Fea).
Montandon's type, by the courtesy of Dr. Gestro, is here figured.
1503. Heleocoris breviceps, 3Iontand. Ann. Sac Ent. Eel;/, xli, p. 55
(1897) ; id. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xlvii, p. 447 (1897).
Body oval in form, widened at middle and about equally
attenuated both anteriorly and posteriorly; yellow, with brown
* Stal made H. ohliquatus, Spin., the type of his genus, from a specimen he
thiis identified in the collection of Signoret. Montandou, who has since
examined this specimen, doubts its being Spinola's species. In that case I
would propose that H. strabus, Montand., be considered the type of Heleocoris.
30 IfAUCORIDiE.
impressions and spots on bead, pronotum, embolium, and underside
of body; legs entirely yellow ; scutellum and beiiielytra brownish.
Inner margins of eyes parallel, ui form mucli enlarged; scutellum
blackisb-brovvn ^vith the disk narrowly yellow ; hemelytra broun ;
embolium largely yellow, the yellow tint fading at its inner
margin ; intraocular area of head marked on each side by two
small foveations, situate one before, the other near the anterior
portion of the inner margin of the eyes ; abdomen beneath largely
blackish with its apex yellowish.
Length 9'5; breadth G".5 millim.
Huh. "Indes orientales " {Coll. Signoret).
1504, HeleOCOris bergrothi, Montand. Verh. z.-h. Ges. Wien, xlvii,
pp. 447 & 452 (1897).
Largely oval ; palely yello^^■ \vith bro\\n points forming indistinct
spots on the head and pronotum ; scutellum black with its apex
yellow ; hemelytra blackish-brown with the embolium largely
yellowish ; eyes as long as broad, their inner margins parallel ;
intraocular area of head with two small somewhat rounded con-
colorous foveations on each side, one situate a little in front of
the middle of the inner margin of eye, the other placed more
anteriorly ; a lozenge-shaped spot formed of small brown points
on the vertex and base of head, from which anteriorly emerge two
lines of brown points ^^•hich do not reach the anterior margin of
the head ; pronotum transverse, the lateral margins arcuate, the
lateral posterior angles acute, the surface densely and finely
punctate, granulose, somewhat finely transversely wrinkled ; scu-
tellum very finely granulose, black, with a yellow V-shaped discal
spot ; connexivum, body beneath, and legs entirely pale yellowish.
Length 9-7 ; breadth OS millim.
Hah. Utakamand.
150.5. Heleocoris Iseviceps, Montand. Terh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xlvii,
p. 448 (1897).
0\al, yellowish, a little ochraceous \vith brown punctures and
spots forming distinct shadings on head and pronotum ; scutellum
black ; hemelytra brown, with the outer margin of the embolium
yellowish ; intraocular area to head marked on each edge by a
faint longitudinal finely punctured depression at inner margin of
eye ; head smooth on the anterior half, largely brown on all the
median portion longitudinally to its anterior margin ; claval suture
a little longer than half the length of the scutellum ; pronotum
with its lateral margins nearly straight, slightly arcuated, the
posterior angle somewhat rounded ; scutellum finely and densely
granulose, with the lateral margins obtusely but distinctly sinuate
before the middle.
Length S ; breadth 5 millim.
Hah. Tenasserim.
HELEOCORIS. 31
150G. Heleocoris elongatllS, Montand. Ann. Soc. Ent. Behj. xli, p. 59
(1897) ; id. Vevli. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xlvii, p. 440 (1897).
Elongately oval, of a clear yellow tint densely punctured with
black on the head and pronotum ; scutellum and hemelytra brown
with the emboliuin largely yellowish ; lateral margins of the intra-
ocular area to head marked on each side by three small dark
depressions placed longitudinally at inner margins of eyes ; head
finply and densely punctured and granulose to the extremity, more
or less punctured with brown, but without the longitudinal median
brown spot as in H. heviceps : claval suture a little longer
than half the length of the scutellum ; body beneath entirely
yellow; pronotum with the lateral margins very slightly arcuated,
nearly straight, the lateral posterior angles rounded, not prominent
behind, the posterior edge straight ; embolium of hemelytra a
little enlarged, yellow at base and along the outer margin, the
yellow margin bisinuated at its inner edge by t\^"o brown spots ;
membrane dark brown, well developed, largely valvular; con-
nexivum yellow, with a straight transverse brown fascia on the
nosterior margins of the segments.
Length 8; breadth 4| millim.
Hab. " Indes orientales " (Stocl-holm 21us.).
1507. Heleocoris indicus, Montand.Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xlvii, p. 450
(1897).
Oval, flavescent with brown punctures more or less dense
forming small ill-defined shadings on the head and pronotum ;
scutellum and hemelytra dark brown, a median longitudinal line
to the scutellum and a large portion of the embolium }'ello\^ish.
Differs from H. elongatus by its more oval and less elongate
form ; the claval suture nearly as long as the length of the scu-
tellum ; underside of body entirely yellowish ; pronotum with the
lateral margins nearly straight, very slightly arcuated, the pos-
tei'ior angles subtruncate ; embolium of the hemelytra yellowish,
with a medial brown spot on its inner margin and another spot
at its apex ; conuexivum yellow, very narrowly darkened on the
outer edge of the posterior angles of each segment.
Length 8| ; breadth 5| millim.
Hah. Madras Province ; Bellary (Paris Mns.).
1508. Heleocoris obliquatus. Spin. (Xaucoris) Ess. p. 54. 4 (1837) ;
Stal (Heleocoris), En. Hem. \, p. 146 (1876).
" Size of Naucoris maculata, Fabr. (a Paloearctic species). Head
and pronotum regularly spotted with grey or black ; the last pro-
portionally shorter and wider; scutellum black, its apex pale;
hemelytra black, outer margin pale near base • underside of body
and legs pale. Pronotum not distinctly bordered with a marginal
furrow, the posterior angles terminating obliquely." (iSpinola.)
Hah. Bombay.
This must be considered, at least for the present, a species of
32 NArCOMD^.
doubtful position iu generic classification. I do not know it, nor
am I aware of any collection that contains an authentically identified
specimen.
1509. Heleocoris (?) acuta, S^nn. (Xaucoris) Ess. p. 55. 5 (1837).
This is auother species of doubtful location, the male of whicli is
described by Spinola as resembliug by the colours above, the male
of the preceding species M. ohlicpiahis, but differing notably by the
shape of the pronotum, which is not pei-ceptibly '* reborde," with
no marginal furrow, the posterior angles acute ; while the body is
a little longer and broader.
JN'o dimensions given in the description.
Hah. Bombay {Du])ont).
Genus CTENIPOCORIS.
Ctenipocoris, Montand. Ann. Mas. Civ. Gen. xxxvii, p. 373 (1897) ;
id. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xlvii, p. 436 (1897).
Type, C. asiaticus, Montand.
Distribution. Burma.
Body oval ; head moderately convex above the eyes, converging
anteriorly, but the external process beyond them, as in the two
preceding genera, practically wanting ; scutellum very large, much
broader than long, claval suture little more than half the length
of scutellum ; liemelytra completely covering the abdomen, mem-
brane well developed ; anterior femora dilated, the tarsi two-
jointed, the intermediate and posterior tibiae armed with long
strong spines.
1510. Ctenipocoris asiaticus, Montand. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xxxvii,
p. 374 (1897).
Head and pronotum ochraceous ; scu-
tellum and hemelytra piceous, margins
of the last ochraceous ; body beneath
greyishly piceous ; head beneath, lateral
areas of prosternum, rostrum, legs, and
central longitudinal fascia to abdomen
— not reaching base — ochraceous ; head
with two small central spots on anterior
areas, inner margins of eyes, and an
oblique spot before them piceous ;
Fig. 20. pronotum with a subbasal transverse
Ctenipocoris asiaticus, piceous line and with a few small spots
of the same colour ; posterior lateral
margins of the scutellum narrowly, obscurely ochraceous ; claval
suture margined with obscure ochraceous ; spines to the inter-
mediate and posterior tibia? brownish.
Length 7 to 8 inillim.
Hah. Burma ; Karennee {Fea).
Montaudou's type is here figured.
THUESBLIXUS. 33
Subfamily III. NAUCORIN^.
Naucoraria, StcV, En. Hem. t, p. 141 (1876).
Mesosternum lougitudinally tumid or obtusely tectiform ; meta-
sternum moderately elevated ; pronotum at base about one-third
broader than the length of head aud pronotum together ; head
large, broad and long ; pronotum anteriorly profoundly sinuate
for the reception of the head, its anterior angles somewhat lougly
anteriorly produced and extending to, or nearly to, the middle of
the eyes, which are anteriorly more or less convergent ; body sub-
oval or ovate.
Genus THURSELINUS.
Thurseliuus, Dist. Entomolocjist, xxxvii, p. 259 (1904).
Type, T. r/reeni, Dist.
Distribution. Ceylon.
Body ovate, moderately convex ; head very large, almost as
long as pronotum, rather more than one-third broader between
eyes than long; eyes elongate, mu(?h narrowed, and slightly con-
verging anteriorly ; labrum rounded, reaching base of second joint
of rostrum ; pronotum scarcely broader than base of hemelytra,
only slightly narrowed anteriorly, its anterior angles not reaching
the middle of eyes ; scutellum short, about twice as broad at base
as long ; hemelytra complete ; mesonotuui medially carinately
longitudinally elevated ; anterior femora ampliated, inwardly
notched towards base.
Differs fi'om Macrocoris * by the much larger and broader head,
anterior angles of pronotum not reaching the middle of eyes,
shorter and broader scutellum, &c.
1511. Thurselinus greeni, Dist. Entomologist, xxxvii, p. 259 (1904).
Ochraceous ; scutellum brownish-ochra-
ceous ; eyes black ; basal area of pronotum
with some longitudinal piceous lines ;
body beneath and legs uniformly ochra-
ceous ; membrane clouded with pale fus-
cous ; head almost as long as pronotum,
its anterior margin convex, with a some-
what flattened central basal space ; pro-
notum transversely striate near anterior
Fio-. 21. margin, very finely and obscurely punctate,
Thurselinus greeni. the lateral margins slightly rounded, a
little narrowed anteriorly, but almost sub-
parallel ; scutellum very finely granulose, broadly subtriangular ;
connexivum piceous at segmental incisures.
Length 6 millim.
Hah. Ceylon ; Keshewa {Green).
* A genus represented by a species from Madagascar.
TOL. III. D
34 BELOSTOMATID^.
Family BELOSTOMATID^.
Belostomides, Duf. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1863, p. 374.
Belostomiden, Mayr, Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xiii, p. 339 (1863); id,
torn. cit. xxi, p. 399 (1871).
Belostomatida, Stal, Hem. Afr. iii, p. 178 (1865).
Body more or less depressed; head, in front of e_yes triangularly
or conically produced ; rostrum short, three-jointed ; abdominal
appendages short ; legs natatorial, the anterior legs raptorial, the
anterior coxse inserted, in the anterior area of the prosternum.
These water-bugs have long been known from the peculiar
sexual characteristic of cariyiug their eggs in a cemented form on
their back, or upper surface. This was till recently supposed to
be a female habit, and it had been authoritatively asserted that
she placed them on her back by the aid of her ovipositor. This
has now been experimentally disproved by Miss F. W. Slater
(' American Naturalist '), and the male is the egg carrier, the eggs
beiug apparently forcibly attached to him by the feuiale (abstract,
' Zoologist,' 1900, p. 93).
Synopsis of Genera.
A Posterior tibiae aud tarsi not promiuently
compressed.
a. Head moderately conically produced aud
tumid above ; membrane well developed . Nectocoris, p. 34.
b. Head subtriangularly but not eouically pro-
duced ; membrane somewhat small .... Sph^rodema, p. 36.
B. Posterior tibias and tarsi prominently am-
pliately compressed Belostoma, p. 37.
Genus NECTOCORIS.
Nectocoris, Mai/r, Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xxi, p. 432 (1871).
Type, iV. stedi, Mayr.
Distribution. As at present known — Oriental,
Body small, depressed, elougately subovate ; head moderately
conically produced in front of eyes, centrally tumid, profoundly
sulcate at inner margins of eyes ; rostrum with the second joint
longest ; pronotum with the lateral margins straight, a little ampli-
ated, the posterior margin truncate, anterior margin moderately
sinuate before base of head : scutellum subequilateral ; hemelytra
with the outer areas moderately convexly ampliate, membrane
complete, longitudinally veiued ; anterior tarsi with two claws.
SPH^BOBEMA. 35
1512. Nectocoris stSli, Mayr, Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xxi, p. 432
(1871).
Ochraceous, variegated with fuscous ;
legs ochraceous, femora more or less
spotted or suffused with fuscous, the ante-
rior tibicB with three fuscous annulations ;
head with the disk distinctly ovally tumid,
but depressed before the inner margins of
eyes ; subbasal ti'ausverse impression to
pronotum medially subobsolete, but pro-
found at each end ; claval suture almost
as long as scutellum ; embolium of hem-
elyti'a a little paler in hue.
Fig. 22. Length 11 to 12 millim.
Nectocoris stall. Hah. Burma ; Kaugoon {Fea).
Genus SPH^RODEMA.
Sphferodema, Zap. Ess. Hem. p. IS (1832) ; Montand. Bull. Soc. Sci.
Bacarest, ix, p. 264 (1900) ; id. torn. cit. xii, p. 120 (1903).
Diplonychus, Amy. Sf Sere, {nee Lap.) Hem. p. 436 (1843) ; Mayr,
Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xxi, p. 43o (1871).
Appasus, Amy. Sf Serv. Hem. p. 430 (1843) ; Mayr, Verh. z.-b. Ges.
Wien, xxi, p. 433 (1871).
Nervinops, Duf Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1863, p. 398.
Type, /S. annulala, Fabr.
Distribution. Ethiopian, Oriental, and Australasian Regions, and
Southern and Eastern Palaearctic Regions.
Body depressed, more or less ovate or subovate ; head before
eyes subtriangularly but not conically produced ; rostrum with
the second joint longest ; pronotum trapeziform, the anterior
margin moderately sinuate, posterior margin subtruneate, lateral
margins nearly straight and moderately ampliate ; scutellum sub-
equilateral ; hemelytra with the membrane distinct but sometimes
very small, outer area moderately convexly ampliate ; anterior
femora incrassate, tarsi two-jointed ; anterior tarsal claws two,
sometimes very short.
A. Body very broad ; greatest expanse of hemelytra together almost
equal to their length ; head as long as breadth bettveen eyes.
1513. Sphaerodema annulatum, Fabr. (Nepa) Syst. Rhyng. p. 106
(1803) ; Duf. (Sphferodema) Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1863, p. 397 ;
Mayr, Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xxi, p. 434 (1871).
Sphaerodema rotundata, Laj). Ess. Hem. p. 18 (1832).
Belostoma marginata, Gray, in Griffith's Animal Kinyd., Insect.
ii, p. 248, tab. xciii, fig. 4 (1832).
Ochraceous or ochraceous-brown, the lateral margins of the
d2
36 BELOSTOMATID^.
pronotum and the embolium of the henielytra ahvays paler in hue;
abdomen beneath with its disk shining, its sublateral margins and
the disk of the stex-num greyisbly opaque ; head about as long as
space between eyes, which are elongately obhque ; pronotum
thickly finely punctate, with a central longitudinal and a subbasal
transverse discal incised line, two subanterior discal foveations ;
scutellum and corium thickly and very finely punctate ; membrane
small ; embolium convexly ampliate with its outer margin a little
reflexed.
Length 21 to 22 ; greatest breadth of hemelytra 16 to
17 millim.
Hah. Sind. Silhet. Calcutta Tanks {Ind. Mus.)
B. Greatest expanse of Jiemeh/ira together shorter than their length ;
head shorter than breadth between eyes.
a. Anterior tarsal claws short.
1514. Sphaerodema rusticum, Fabr. (Nepa) Si/st. Bhym/. p. 106
(1803) ; Buf. (Neninops) Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1868, p. 399
(part.) ; Mayr (Diplouychus), Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xxi, p. 438
(1871).
? Nepa plana, Sulz. Abgeh. Gesch. d. Lis. p. 92, tab. x, fig. 2
(1776).
Var. marginicoUis, Duf. (Appasus) Ann. Soc. Fnt. Fr. 1863, p. 393.
Ochraceous or ochraceous-browu, the
lateral and basal margins of pronotum and
the embolium always paler ; body beneath
and legs concolorous, ochraceous ; head
shorter than breadth between eyes, which
ai'e obliquely converging ; pronotum, scu-
tellum, and corium very thickly and finely
punctate; membrane small; anterior tarsal
claws short.
Length 15 to 16 ; greatest breadth
Fig. 23. 9 to 9^ millim.
Sjiharoderna rusticum. Uab. liomhay(Leit7i). Ceylon; Colombo
(Coll. Dist.). Burma; Mandalay, Teinzo
(Feci). — Siam ; Malay Peninsula. Sumatra. Java. PhiHppines.
China. Australia ; Queensland (Coll. Dist.).
The specimen figured represents the var. marginicoUis, Duf.
b. Anterior tarsal claivs moderately long.
1515. Sphaerodema molestuni, Duf. (Appasus) A7m. Sac. Fnt. I).
1863, p. 395 ; Mayr (Diplonychus), Ferh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xxi
p. 437 (1871).
Nei'vinops rusticus, Duf. Ann. Sac. Fnt. Fr. 1863, p. 399 (part.).
BELOSTOMA. 37
Diplouvclius subrliombeus, Mayr, Verh, z -b. Ges, Wien, xxi,
p. 437 (1871j.
A little broader than /S. rusticum, head shorter and broader,
posterior angles of pronotum a little more obtuse and less acute,
antei'ior tarsal claws longer. In the Montandon collection of
Belostomatidae acquired by the British Museum there is a cot_ype
of Dufour's species S. molestum, and another determined by Mayr
as his S. siihrhomheus, which I cannot separate, and which are
evidently conspecific, differing only in size, the last being
smallest.
Length 13| to ITj millim.
Hab. Kashmir ( Vienna Mus.) : Calcutta Tanks {Ind. Mus.). —
Malacca {Coll. Sir/n.).
Genus BELOSTOMA.
Belostoma, Latr. Gen. Crust, et Ins. iii, p. 144 (1807) ; Amy. 8,' Serv.
Hem. p. 427 (1843); Fieb. G-n. Hydroc. p. 21, t. 2 D (1851);
Duf. Ann. Soc. Ent. Ft: 1863, p. 379 ; Stdl, Hem. Afr. iii,
p. 182(1865); Mayr, Verh. z.-b. Ges. JF^eji, xxi, pp. 402 & 422
(1871).
Belostomum, Burm. Handb. Ent. ii, 1, p. 195 (1835),
Amorgius, Stal, Hem. Afr. iii, p. 179 (1865).
Type, B. indicum, Lep. & Serv.
Distribution. Eastern Palaearctic and the other great zoo-
geographical regions.
Body very large, narrowly ellijjtical ; head before eyes a little
conically produced, and between the eyes narrow ; rostrum very
thick, second joint much the longest ; pronotum trapezoidal,
anteriorly centrally truncate and posteriorly moderately sinuate ;
scutellum a little broader than long ; hemelytra with distinct
membrane provided with longitudinal veins ; legs of moderate
length ; anterior coxae short, not extending beyond the base of the
presternum ; femora compressed, anterior femora incrassate and
sulcated beneath ; posterior tibiae and tarsi ampliately compressed ;
tarsi two-jointed ; anterior tarsi with one claw, intermediate and
posterior tarsi provided with t\AO.
These large and widely-distributed insects, though aquatic in
habit, are more frequently met with on their land excursions.
They are greatly attracted by light, and are frequent visitors to
the electi'ic lights now so common on the roads in most civilised
communities. At Trinidad, where the largest species is found,
it is known by the name of the " Electric Bug," and in the
Transvaal I took most of the South-African species {B. niloticum)
at the lights of Pretoria. Its jH'oboscis is capable of producing
a very painful puncture, of which I have had more than one
experience.
Only one very widely-distributed species is found in the fauna
of British India.
38
BELOSTOMATIDiE.
1516. Belostoma indicum, Lep. 8, Serv. Encycl Meth. x, p. 272 (1775);
Aimj. S)- Serv. Hem. p. 429 (1843); Mayr, Verh. z.-b. Oes. Wien,
xxi, p. 426 (1871) ; Gveeii (Amorgius), Entomologist, xxxiv,
p. 113 (1901).
Head, pronotuni, aucl scutellum dark brownish ocliraceous ;
proDotum with the posterior and lateral margins and some longi-
tudinal discal fasciae paler ocliraceous ; scutellum with a fascia
near basal angles, a narrow central line, and the apical area paler
ochraceous ; hemelytra ochraceous with darker suffusions, of which
Fiff. 24. — Belostoma indicum.
the principal ones are on the clavus and discal areas of corium ;
body beneath of a duller and more opaque brownish hue ; posterior
lateral margins and apex of abdomen beneath pale ochraceous,
sternum more or less margined and suffused with the same
colour ; femora streaked above and more or less banded beneath
with fuscous.
Length 62 to 82 millim.
Hah. Sind {Coll. Dist.) ; Malabar, Bhowani River ; Bombay
{Leitli Sf Dixon) :, Trivandrum. Ceylon {Green). Burma, North -
west. District {Coll. Dist.). North Chin Hills ( Watson). Karenuee
Teinzo {Feci). Tenasserim, Malewoon {Fea). — Malay Peninsula.
Prov. Wellesley {Distant). Sumatra {Forbes ^- Bode). Java.
Philippines {Semper).
BELOSTOMA. 39
Mr. E. E. G-reen {supra) has given some most interesting facts
relating to the life-history of this species. From observations
made on specimens kept in a large glass aquarium, he observed
that they were sluggish creatures and remain during daytime
with the tip of the tail projecting above the surface of the
water, seldom moving unless disturbed. He w^as of opinion that
the natural food of the species is such large insects or small
terrestrial animals as fall accidentally into the water ; it will also
feed upon frogs when it can catch them. Large horny beetles,
such as Orrjctes, and large grasshoppers were also taken.
Every fresh specimen that Mr. Green examined was infested
by a peculiar elongate parasite or water-mite (fam. Hydrachnidse),
some species of which attack most water-bugs.
40 NOTONECTID^
Family NOTONECTID.E.
Notonectfe, Fieb. E/njncJiotot/r. p. 45 (1851),
Notouectidaj, Curtis, Brit. Eatom. i, p. 10, pi. 10 (1824) ; Kirk. Tr.
E. S. 1897, p. 394.
Notonectida, StSl, Hon. Afr. iii, p. 190 (1865).
Eocly oblong, convex ; eyes large ; ocelli absent ; antennae short,
four-jointed; rostrum three- or four-jointed; scutellum large,
triangular : anterior legs inserted at the posterior margin of the
prouotum.
Synojysis of Suhfamilies.
A. Posterior tibise and tarsi ciliate ; abdomen
beneath centrally carinate ; rostrum four-
jointed ; eyes large and conspicuous Notojiectince.
B. Posterior tibite and tarsi not ciliate ; abdomen
beneath not carinate ; rostrum three-jointed ;
eves small Fleince.
Subfamily I. NOTONECTIN^.
NotonectiuEe, Kirk. Tr. E. S. 1897, p. 394.
The characters for this subfamily having already been detailed,
it only remains to define the genera,
Syii02:>sis of Genera.
A. Pronotum moderately long, not transverse.
a. Last joint of antennae much shorter than penul-
timate joint : posterior tarsi not provided
•with unguiculi * Notonecta, p. 40.
\>. Last joint of antennae much longer than pen-
ultimate j oint : posterior tarsi provided with
unguiculi Anisops, p. 44.
B. Pronotum short, transverse, its anterior angles
oveately excavate Enithares, p. 42.
Genus NOTONECTA.
Notonecta, izVm. Syst. Nat. ed. x, p. 439 (1758) ; Fieb. Rhynchotogr.
p 48 (1851) ; Saund. Hem. Heteropt. Brit. Ishls. p. 329 (1892) ;
Kirk. Tr. E. S. 1897, p. 397.
Type, N. glauca, Linn.
Distribution. Practically universal.
* Unguiculi = hooks of tarsal claws.
NOTONECTA.
41
Head broad, eyes large, iuterocular space varying in breadth
and shape ; rostrum four-jointed ; pronotum trapeziform, trans-
verse, strongly convex, anterior margin a little centrally produced,
lateral margins obliquely straight, the posterior lateral angles very
slightly subprominent ; scutellum large, almost triangular ; hem-
elytra complete, meuibrane distinct ; abdomen beneath ciliate on
lateral areas and at apex, and centrally longitudinally carinate ;
tarsi two-jointed ; intermediate femora with a prominent tooth
near apex.
These insects, commonly known in this country as the " Water
Boatman," swim on their backs. Their eggs are inserted into the
stems of aquatic plants. They are extremely predaceous and will
attack small fish, tadpoles, small frogs, &c., as keepers of aquaria
have learned by experience.
1517. Notonecta montandoni, Kirk. A. M. N. H. (6) xx, p. 56 (1897);
id. Tr. E. S. 1897, p. 417.
Eyes, scutellum, membrane, and body beneath black ; head, pro-
notum, legs, and connexivum more or
less ochraceous ; corium purplish-red, in
some specimens the clavus is more or
less irregularly marked with black, and,
according to the description, sometimes
" a broad undulatory baud runs across
the corium,*' which I have only seen in
specimens from China. Iuterocular
space very narrow at base and then
outwardly obliquely divergent, the base
little more than half the breadth of
apex.
Length 15 to 17 millim.
Hab. Burma: Karennee (Fea) ; Euby
Mines (DoJierty). — Tibet, Mou-pin
JVotonecta montandoni. {Paris Mus.). China : Kiang-si {Paris
Mus.) ; Chang Yang {Pratt).
1518. Notonecta glauca, Linn. Si/st Nat. ed. x, p. 439 (1758) ; JDist.
Sec. Yark. Miss., H/upich. p. 13 (1879) ; for full syn. cf. Kirk.
Tr. E. S. 1897, p. 419.
A very variable species in coloration, of which many varietal
forms have been described, one of which is found in British
India ; this is the variety N. marginata, Miill. Zool. Dan. p. 104
(1776), which has been thus diagnosed by Kirkaldy {supra) : —
" Hemelytra bluish-black or dull black ; clavus luteous except
at the sutural margins ; a longitudinal luteous fascia, varying in
length, at the base of the endo- and mesocorium ; in many indivi-
duals there are one or two ferruginous spots near the apical margin
of the corium."
42
NOTONECTID^.
In this species the breadth and shape of the interocular space
(notoceplialon and st/nthlipes, Kirk.) cannot be relied on as a
specific character, if those specimens returned to me by Mr. Kirk-
aldy himself, labelled " N. glauca,^' are to be relied on.
Length 14 to 17 millim.
Hah. Kashmir, Sind Valley (Jide KirTcaldy). — Generally distri-
buted throughout the Palsearctic Region.
It was taken by Dr. Stoliczka (var. marmorea, Fabr.) at Tarkand.
Genus ENITHARES.
Enithares, Spin. -Ess. Hem. p. 60 (1837) ; Stdl, Hem. Afr. iii, p. 190
(1865) ; Kh-k. Wien. ent. Zeit. xxiii, p. 95 (1904).
Bothrouotus, Fieb. Rhjpichofoc/r. p. 46 (1851).
Enithara, Siyn. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (3) viii, p. 971 (1860).
Type, E. indica, Fabr.
Distribution. Neotropical, Ethiopian, Australasian, and Oriental
Regions ; also found in China.
This genus may be easily separated from Notonecta by the
shorter, transverse pronotum and by the foveately excavate ante-
rior angles of the same ; this is so apparent a character that minor
differences may be ignored in this work, which has a faunistic aud
not taxonomic inception.
1519. Enithares indica, Fah: /Notonecta) Stjst. Rhjng. p. 103. 7
(1803); Stal (^mi\\Axe&), Hem. Fahr. i, p. 136 (1S68) ; Kirk.
Entomol. xxxiii, p. 10 (1900).
Notonecta abbreviata,- Walk. (MS.) in Tennent's ' Cet/lon' ed. 2,
i, p. 293 (1859) ; Kirby, J. Linn. Soc, Zool. xxiv, p. 126 (1891) ;
Kirk. (Enithares) Wien. ent. Zeit. xxiii, p. 109 (1904).
Head and pronotum ochraceous, basal
area of pronotum more or less piceous ;
scutelluu) black, with a curved pale ochra-
ceous fascia (sometimes almost obsolete) on
each lateral area ; hemelytra black, basal
and lateral areas and usually an apical
spot to corium and apical area of mem-
brane more or less pale ochraceous ; body
beneath piceous, lateral margins and legs
pale ochraceous ; interocular space much
narrowed at base, ampliated anteriorly.
Length 8| to 10 millim.
Hah. Tranquebar. Bombay {Dixon).
Trivandrum. Ceylon {Green). Andaman
Islands {de JRoepstorff). — Java, Sumatra.
Frequents more or less stagnant water, paddv-fields, ditches,
&c. {E. E. Green).
Kirkaldy, apparently on the axiom " once a synonym always a
Fis. 26. — Enithares indie
ENITHARES. 43
synonym," sinlis the Fabriciau name, although he states it is
distinct from Linnseus's species H. indiea, which is a true Noto-
necta. We cannot follow this — to us — unnecessary alteration.
1520. Enithares marginata. Fieb. (Bothronotus) Ilhyncliotorj): p. 47
(1851) ; Kirk. Wien. ent. Zeit. xxiii, p. 108 (1904).
Luteous ; tegmina subhyaline, a whitish stripe on the terminal
suture ; wings dirty whitish, basal half blackish-brown ; front and
middle femora brownish on upperside at base. Elongate ; head
strongly ])rojecting before the eyes ; neck-groove brownish ; upper
lip triangular, shortly pointed, with sloping sides ; teginiua strongly
punctured, covered with very fine granules and with fine long
hair ; erabolium long, luteous ; a white stripe of thicker substance
on the terminal suture of the corium ; margin of scutellum and
terminal edge yellow ; membrane subhyaline, with the usual
coarse opaque basal pieces present, hinder back and back of the
tibiaj blackish-brown ; the last tibiae set with whitish hairs, as well
as the terminal piece and the whitish spots on the lateral margin ;
underside blackish ; middle keel and connexivum dirty yellow, with
a brown hind border ; middle tibiae at the end with one tooth.
Length "3| hnes."
Hah. " Hinteriudien " (Dr. Heifer).
I have not seen this species.
1521. Enithares lineatipes, Horv. Term. Fiizeteh, xii, p. 39 (1889) ;
Kirk. Wien. ent. Zeit. xxiii, p. 103 (1904).
sp. ?, JDist Sec. Yark. Miss., Ehynch. p. 13 (1879).
Palely testaceous or flavous-testaceous ; interocular space with
two central fuscous spots and a smaller one a little before base ;
scutellum with a triangular spot at each basal angle, and some-
times \^ith a large central somewhat rounded spot, black ; hem-
elytra dull brownish-ochraceons ; abdomen beneath fuscous, the
lateral margins and central carination paler ; femora longitudinally
linearly fuscous ; eyes large, their outer margins projecting a
little beyond the anterior angles of the pronotum ; the face with
four distinct impressions ; lateral pronotal margins strongly
convex.
Length 11 millim.
Hah. Himalaya (il/«s,iV«i.i/oJi(/rois). Jhelam Valley (StoliczTca) ;
Tenasserim ; Plapoo {Fea).
1522. Enithares templetoni, Kirhy (Notonecta), J. Linn. Soc, Zool.
xxiv, p. 126 (1891) ; Kirk. (Enithares) Entomol, xxxiii, p. 10
(1900) ; id. Wien. ent. Zeit. xxiii, p. 102 (1904).
Very closely allied to E. lineatipes, but with the lateral margins
of the pronotum much less convex and more sinuate, the face less
distinctly impressed.
44 NOTONECTID.'E.
Head and pronotum pale oehraceous ; anterior margins of
interocnlar space, anterior angular foveations to pronotum, and
sometimes basal area of pronotum, more or less piceous ; scutellnm.
pale oehraceous, with a large central triangular basal spot and a
spot at each basal angle black ; corium pale dull oehraceous, the
claval, inner, and apical areas and a posterior elongate submarginal
streak black ; membrane black ; body beneath and legs oehra-
ceous, the abdomen more or less fuscous ; lateral pronotal margins
obliquely sinuate.
Length 10 to 12 millim.
Hah. Bombay {DLvon). Ceylon {Green). — Siamese Malay States.
1523. Enithares triangularis, Guer. (Notouecta) Icon. Rcgn. Anim.
iii, p. 354 (1844) ; Kirk. (Enithares) Entomul. xxxiii, p. 10
(1900) ; id. Wien. eni. Zeit. xxiii, p. 99 (1904).
Notonecta simplex, Walk. MS. in TennenCs 'Ceylon,' ed. 2,
vol. i, p. 292 (1859) ; Kirby, J. Linn. Soc, Zool. xxiv, p. 125
(1891).
Somewhat closely resembling E. templetoni, but larger, the
lateral margins of the interocular space more regularly curved and
less suddenly narrowed at base ; pronotal lateral margins more
straightly oblique, less sinuate-
Head and pronotum pale oehraceous, the eyes and some con-
fluent spots on anterior area of pronotum fuscous ; scutellum
oehraceous, a large basal triangular spot connected with a spot at
each basal angle black ; corium oehraceous, inner margin and
apical area of clavus, apical area and a posterior submarginal
elongate streak to corium, black ; membrane black, sometimes
paler at base ; body beneath and legs oehraceous, abdomen more
or less fuscous.
Length 14 to 15| millim.
Hah. Nilgiris (Paris Mus.) ; Trivandrum (Coll. Dint.); Trichi-
nopoly. Ceylon (Green).
Genus ANISOPS.
Auisops, Sjnn. Ess. Hem. p. .58 (1837); Fieb. Rhynchotoc/r. p. 57
(1851); Sm, Hem. Afr. iii, p. 191 (1865); Kirk. Wien. ent.
Zeit. xxiii, p. Ill (1904).
Type, A. niveus, Fabr.
Distribution. Distributed throughout the principal zoo-geogra-
phical regions *.
This genus is allied to Notonecta by the non-transverse pronotum,
thus differing from Enithai^es. Prom Notonecta it is distinguished by
* Kirkakly bas recently proposed a new geuus, Buenoa, for the reception of
the Neotropical species.
ANISOPS,
45
all the tarsi being provided with claws, and in having the last
joint o£ the antennae longer than the penultimate joint, characters
reversed in Notonecta.
Three species, according to present knowledge, are found in
British India.
1524. Anisops sardea, Herr.-Schiif. Wanz. Ins. ix, p. 40, fio-. 904
(1852) ; Kirk. Wien. ent. Zeit. xxiii, p. 114 (1904) et syu."
Anisops nivea, >Spin. nee Fabr. Ess. Hem. p. 58 (1837).
Anisops productiis, Fieh. Rhynchotogr. p. 60 (1851); Stdl, Hem.
^/^r. iii, p. 191 (1865)...
Anisops uatalensis, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fork, xii, p. 89 (1855).
Notonecta naunla, Walk. Zoologist, p. 2381 (1870).
? Notonecta alba, Forskal, Descr. Anim. Orient, p. xxiii (1775).
Pale stramineous, eyes black ; hemelytra sordid-grey. Male
with a long, triangular, obtuse apically-pointed cephalic pro-
jection, which is absent in the female. In both sexes there is a
Fig. 27. — Anisops sardea.
distinct foveate impression near each basal angle of the scutellum ;
the interocular space is very narrow at base.
Length 6 to Ih millim.
Hah. Bombay {Heifer). Burma: Minhla (Comotto). — Widely
distributed in 8. Palaearctic and Ethiopian Regions.
The sexes Aary much in size, some females being larger than
small males. Kirkaldy, who seems to have examined a large
number of specimens, gives the dimensions as : c? Q-lOg, $ 7|-
8| millim., but I have seen no Oriental specimens that approach
that size.
The two specimens here figured were collected by Capt. Comotto
in Burma.
46 NOTO^TECTID.i:.
1525. Anisops fie"beri, KirTz. Entomologist, 1901, p. 5; id. Wien. ent.
Zeit. xxiii, p. 116 (1904).
Anisops inveus, Fieb. Rhynchotogr. p. 60 (1851), 7iec Fuhr.
Almost indistinguishable from ui. sardea, except in the male
sex, in which the cephalic projection is much shorter, less angu-
late, and more truncate anteriorly.
Length, c? , 5 millim.
Hah. " Distributed over Brit. India " (Jide Kirl-aldy). Ceylon
{Coll. Dist.). Celebes.
I possess only one male specimen of this species, which was
collected in Ceylon. It is pi^obably anything but rare, but has
escaped the attention of collectors.
1526. Anisops niveilS, Fahr. (Xotonecta) Syst. Fnt. p. 690 (1775) ;
Kirk. (Anisops) Ann. Soc. Fnt. Fr. 1899, p. 105 ; id. Wien.
ent. Zeit. xxiii, p. 118 (1904).
Notonecta ciliata, Fcdn: Ent. Syst. Siqypl. p. 524 (1798).
Anisops hvalinus, Fieb. Abh. bolim. Ges. Wiss. (5) vii, p. 482
(1851). '
Anisops ciliatus, Stdl, Vet.-Ak. Handl. vii, 11, p. 137 (1868).
Anisops pelluceus, Gerst. Van der Decken's Reise, iii, 2, p. 424
(1873).
Anisops scutellaris, de Carl. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xxxv, p. 123
(1895).
This widely-distributed species is larger in size than the two
preceding, and differs also by the absence of the cephalic pro-
tuberance in the male. In colour it is very similar ; the head
and pronotum are palest, the scutellum pale ochraceous, and the
hemelytra more or less shaded with pale fuliginous ; the pronotum
has usually two fuliginous spots both on the anterior and posterior
margins, though these are sometimes partly and often entirely
absent, and the same remark applies to t\^o fuliginous spots at the
base of the scutellum ; the interocular space has a distinct central
longitudinal incised line.
Length 10 to 12^ millim.
Hah. Bombay (Z^w'om). Probably generally distributed through-
out British India. Burma : Bhamo(Fe«). — Widely distributed in
the Ethiopian Region.
Subfamily II. PLEINtE.
Pleida, Stal, Hem. Afr. iii, p. 192 (1865).
Pleiuse, Kirk. Tr. E. S. 1897, p. 395 ; ante p. 40.
Of these minute insects we know comparatively little. Of the
genus Plea four species are here enumerated, a totally inadequate
record for British India, and one which will be "considerablv
augmented when more attention is paid to the collection and
observation of these small creatures.
Genus PLEA.
Plea, Ze«c/*, Tr.Linn. Soc. xii, p. 11 (1817) ; Saimd. Hem. Het. Brit.
Islds. p. 329 (1892) ; Kirk. Wien. ent. Zeit. xxiii, p. 120 (1904).
Ploa, Stephens, Cat. Brit. Ins. ii, p. 354 (1829).
Ploea, Dougl. ^' Scott, Cat. Brit. Hem. p. 61 (1876).
Type, P. minutissima, Fabr., a Palaearctic species*.
Distribution. Palaearctic and Oriental Regions ; probably more
widely distributed.
Body not quite twice as long as wide ; head broad, eyes
widely separated ; rostrum three-jointed ; pronotum rounded
anteriorly, lateral margins short, base considerably posteriorly
produced ; scutellum small, triangular ; tegmina short, deflected
posteriorly and with no distinct membrane, a small portion is
divided by a suture near the exterior basal angle, which by some
entomologists has been regarded as homologous to an embolium;
legs simple, tarsi two-jointed.
1527. Plea liturata, Fieb. Abh. bdhm. Ges. Wiss. (5) iii, p. 297, tab. 11,
figs. 4-6 (1845).
I only know this species by Fieber's description and figure,
both of which are repro-
duced : — " Front with two
short dashes, eyes brown ;
a small black spot near
each latei'al angle and a
similat' one at central base
o£ pronotum ; corium with
a triangular transverse
fascia and a brown spot
at the apex. Dirty yel-
lowish punctured with
brown ; two short brown
dashes on middle of front
between eyes ; pronotum
near the anterior margin
with two transverse callosities, the shoulder-angles and a pro-
tuberance on the middle of the hind margin with a small black
spot ; scutellum dirty yellow, with two longitudinal stripes broad
at base and transverse behind ; tegmina posteriorly almost per-
pendicularly truncate, rather more highly arched behind than
before, and a brown band with blackish dots in punctures ex-
tending to terminal angle of clavus, broad before the middle of
outer border, internally oblique and triangularly narrowed ; apex
of tegmina with an almost quadrangular brown spot ; underside
brownish-yellow ; legs yellowish-white."
Length about 2 millim.
Hab. " Ostindien " (Br. Heifer).
* M'Gregor and Kirkaldy (Tr. Perthshire Soc. 1899, p. 5) have proposed,
for what they consider valid reason in the vexed questiou of priority in
nomenclatiu-e, that this species should be renamed P. leacki. I have, however,
here retained tlie well-known name.
Fig. 2%.— Plea liturata.
48 XOTONECTID^.
1528. Plea frontalis, Fieb.Ahh. I6hm. Ges. Wiss. (5) iii, p. 296, taf. 1,
ff. 36-39 (1845) ; Kirk. Wien. ent. Zeit. xvii, p. 1-41 (1898) ;
id. torn. cit. xxiii, p. 128 (1904).
This is another species I only know by Fieber's description and
figures.
"Front witb three sbort dashes, two spots on back of
neck, eyes reddish-brown ; scutellum yellowisli-white ; clavus
with a brown spot in the terminal angles ; posterior half of corium
apparently covered with brown dots. On the vertex two pale
brown approximate oval spots ; on the front two pale brown
dashes, between which and somewhat lower is a shorter one ;
terminal joint of the sheath of the rostrum black, basal joint
brown ; eyes flattened, reddish-brown ; pronotum and scutellum
unspotted like the tegmina, with shallow punctures, the inter-
mediate spaces smootii, almost as if polished, hairless ; tegmina
rather higher arched behind than in front ; in the terminal angles
of the corium a little yellowish-brown spot ; the posterior half of
tegmina appears brownish, caused by dots in punctures ; tegmina
obliquely truncate behind, and with a series of fine brownish dots
in the ' gutter ' near the raised marginal keel, the margin hidden
by the overarching projecting sides ; underside pitchy-brown ;
legs yellowish-white, apices of tarsi brown."
Length 2 millim.
Hah. " Ostindien" {Dr. Heifer). Bengal, Pondicherry, Burma;
Rangoon (fide KirJcaldy). — Cochin-China {fide Kirlrddy).
1529. Plea pallescens, sp. n.
Above pale stramineous, the central posterior disk of pronotum
apparently discoloured ; pronotum and corium coarsely punctate ;
scutellum much less or little punctate and more ochraceous in
hue ; basal margin of head narrovtly black ; front practically un-
spotted ; body beneath piceous, legs pale stramineous ; base of
pronotum centrally slightly gibbous, the posterior pronotal margin
carinate.
Length 1| millim.
Hah. Calcutta Tanks.
1530. Plea buenoi, KirJc. Wien. ent. Zeit. xxiii, p. 128 (1904).
Strongly rather coarsely but not reticulately punctured, pale
yellowisli, rather fuliginous ; head with a very short longitudinal
streak almost like a spot on the front, and with two very small
spots near the front end of the streak ; head between the eyes
about as broad as the eyes.
Length 1*8; breadth 1-1 millim.
Hah. India; ^o\\(X\Q\ievYy {Coll. Kirlcaldy).
I know nothing more of this species than the description which
is here translated from the German in which it is published.
CORIXID.i:.
49
Family CORIXID.^.
Cbrisides, Atny. Sf Serv, Hem. p. 444 (1843).
Corisee, Fieb. Eur. Hem. p. ±2 (1861).
Corixina, CorIxid=e, and Sigaridae, Dour/J. S^- Scott, Brit. Hem.
pp. 49 & 50 (1805).
Sigarida, Stdl, Hem. Afr. iii, p. 193 (1865).
Body depressed ; head broad, as broad or broader than the
thorax ; ocelli none ; rostrum short, concealed ; antennae short,
inserted under the margins of the head ; thorax transverse ;
heDielytra complete ; legs natatorial, the posterior setose ; anterior
tarsi one-jointed.
SijnOjpsis of Genera.
A. AntemiEe four-jointed; scutelluni covered. . . . CoRiXA, p. 49.
B. Antennae three-jointed ; scutellum not covered Micronecta, p. 50.
Genus CORIXA.
Corixa, Geoffr. Hist, abrey. Ins. p. 477 (1762) ; Burm. Handb. Ent.
p. 186 (1'835).
Corisa, Amy. ^- Serv. Hem. p. 445 (1843).
Sigara, Fahr. Syst. Ent. p. 691 (1775), part.
Type, C geoffroyi, Leacli, a Palasarctic species.
Distribution. Almost universally distributed.
The salient characters, as given in the generic synopsis (siqrra),
will suffice here for purposes of identiiication. The genus is
probably of world-wide distribution.
1531. Corixa hieroglypMca, Duf.Hem. p. 86, ff. 85-87 (1833); Fieb.
Eur. Hem. p. 93 (1801) ; Scnoul. Hem. Het. Brit. Islds. p. 334
(1892) ; Kirk. Entomoloyist, 1898, p. 3.
Frontal impression of the male very deep, extending between
the eyes in a well-defined arch ; greenish
or yellowish-grey ; pronotum with seven
or eight transverse black lines, which
are finely rastrate ; clavus rastrate,
thickly mottled with short irregular
black lines, the base pale ; corium not
rastrate, punctured, with short trans-
verse fragmentary dark markings ar-
ranged in three or four series ; legs
entirely pale ; palae of S straight on the
anterior edge, regularly curved on the
posterior.
Length 5| to Qh millim.
Hah. Assam ; Khasi Hills {fide Kirhaldy). North Bengal {Brit.
2Bis.). Bombay {Brit. Mus.). Yarkand (Stoliczka). — A common
Palsearctic species, and also found in North America.
VOL. III. E
Corixa Ideroylyphica.
50
COKIXID^.
Genus MICRONECTA.
Micronecta, Kirk. Entomolo(jist, 1897, p. 260.
Sigara, Fabr. Ent. Syst iv, p. 59 (1794), part. ; id. Syst. Rhyng.
p. 104 (180.3), part.'
Type, M. mimitissima, Linn., a Palsearctic species.
Distrihution. PaliBarctic and Oriental Regions. Probably much
more widelj^ distributed.
This genus, long known ujider the name of Sigara, is at once
distinguished from CorLva by the exposed scutelluui and the three-
jointed antennae. In distriljution it is probably cosmopolitan.
1532. Micronecta striata, Fieb. (Sigara) (nee Fabr.) Abh. k. hohm.
Ges. Wiss. V, 8, p. 292, taf. 1, ff. 22-24 (1844) ; Kirk. (Micro-
nectal Entoviologist, 1898, p. 3.
Corixa albifrons, Mutsch. Bull. Soc. Nat Mosc. xxxvi, p. 94 (1863).
Corixa ovivora, Wesfw. Proc. Ent. Soc. 1871, p. iv ; Kirk.
(Sigara) Entomologist, 1897, p. 238.
Sigara siva, Kii-k. Entomologist, 1897, p. 240.
Head pale yellow, somewhat dis-
coloured afc base ; pronotum with the
anterior and posterior margins and a
central transverse line black ; hemelytra
with longitudinal black lines ; body
beneath and legs uniformly pale yellow.
Length 3 to 4 millira.
Hah. Calcutta {hid. Miis.). Madras
Presidency ; Canara. Ceylon {Coll.
Horvath).
Mr. N. Annandale, in forwarding me
specimens of this species from Calcutta,
wrote : — " In October they flew to my
lamp in numbers every day, evidently coming from a ' tank ' a
few hundred yards away. Now (NoAember) they are far less
numerous. Tlie interesting point is that my rooms are at the top
of a house three stories high, and that therefoi-e these insects
must have a lofty flight. I have not seen them at the tanks or
the stoi-y below, where I dine about once a week." Under the
name of Corira ovivora (mjira) they were reported as destructive
to the ova of fishes.
Pig. 30.
Micronecta striata.
1533. Micronecta haliploides, Horv. Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung, ii,
p. 594 (1904).
Oblong-ovate, convex, whitish-testaceous, shining ; head a little
broader than pronotum, anteriorly moderately jiroduced, vertex
levigate, medially distinctly longer than it is on each side near eyes,
and with a medial minute basal fuscous tubercle ; pronotum short.
MICRONECTA. 51
with a transverse interrupted medial fuscous line, anterior and
posterior margins somewhat acute, nearly parallel, lateral margins
almost none ; scutellum ferrugineo-testaceous ; liemelytra with
the margins broadly testaceous-white ; scutellum (clavvis excepted)
griseo-testaceous, strongly and remotely blackly punctate ; costal
margin palely flavo-testaceous, before and behind middle obso-
letely blackly speckled ; subcostal " fossula '' long, nearly ex-
tending to apex of hemelytra ; apex of right hemelytra marked
with two small black arcuated spots ; posteror tibiae above
exterior margins, posterior tarsi, and sometimes a percurrent
line above black.
Length 2^ millim.
Hah. Ceylon ; Colombo {Mus. Hongrols).
.....N^?^^'-
Cn\0
e2
52 HOMOPTEEA.
Suborder HOMOPTEEA.
The principal distinguishing characters of the Homoptera have
ah'eady been described in our introduction to the whole order
Rhynchota (vol. i. pp. xxv & xxxvi), and it is unnecessary to
allude further to them here. Our knowledge of the diiferent
families composing the suborder is much less complete at present
than our information respecting the Heteroptera. Of the Cica-
didae we have ample collections, and those of contiueutal India
and Ceylon are adequately repi'esented, though we may expect
many undescribed species to be eventually discovered in the
eastern confines of our faunistic area and in the islands of the
Indian Ocean. The Fulgoridse are fairly well known as regards
the genera and species of the larger and more showy insects, but
among the subfamilies which comprise the smaller and more
obscure species vei-y much remains to be done. The Membracida3
are less known and worked than the Fulgoridae, and a similar
remark applies to the Cercopidas ; while the Jassidse are practi-
cally unworked and unrecorded, and probably will prove to be the
most extensive Family of the Homoptera.
A-s regards structural characters aud the terms used in referring
to them, the Introduction has already dealt with most ; those
specially or exclusively applicable to the Homoptera are when
necessary supplied with diagrams and explanatory details as
introductions to each of the families as we come to them in these
pages.
The classification of the Homoptera is still an open question,
and great diversity of opinion exists as to the number of Families
to be recognized in its division. Westwood (Modern Class. Ins.
ii. p. 418) with excellent judgment and caution divided the
Homoptera into three main divisions, viz. : —
1. TniMERA. Tarsi 3-jointed; antenna3 minute, setigerous ;
wings areolate.
2. DiMEKA. Tarsi 2-jointed ; antennae moderate, filiform,
5-10-jointed; wings subareolate.
3. MoNOMERA. Tarsi 1-jointed ; antennae 6-25-jointed ; wings
not areolate.
Atter an interval of nearly sixty years, Shai'p (Cambr. Nat.
Hist. vi. p. 544) practically adopts this division, though he does
HOMOPTERA. 53
not absolutely follow it, and points out again that the Dimera
consist of Psyllidae, Aphidae, and Aleurodidae, and the Monomera
of Coccidae only. These last two divisions are usually grouped
together under the names of either Phytop7it7iir-es ov Sternorhyncha,
and the first, with which we now only deal, may be still known
as Trimera*, or, as written by others, the " Auchenorrhynchous
Homoptera,"
The division of this section of the Homoptera into families has
produced much diversity of opinion among entomologists, and it
seems necessary to repeat that as these Ehynchotal volumes are
faunistic and not taxonomical in their aim, it is vninecesary to
enter into a purely classificatory discussion.
Westwood recognized only three families, Cicadida?, Fulgoridse,
and Cercopidfe. Stal's division included four, Sti'idulantea, Cer-
copida, Jassida (including Membracida), and Fulgorida, in which
view he is supported by so good an authority as Hansen. Most
modern writers consider the Membracidse a distinct family, and
thus recognize five families in all, a course with w-hich I fall in
line. It may be mentioned that Pascoe (A. M. N. H. [5] ix.
p. 442) proposes thirteen families; and Edwards (Hem. Horn.
Brit. Islds.), excluding Psi/Uina, enumerates fifteen.
Hansen (Eatomol. Tidskr. 1890, p. 19) has written an excellent
memoir on the four families he recognizes as belonging to this
section, founded on considerations drawn principally from the
structure of the antennae and legs and from the position of the
spiracles. As much of this valuable informa*:ion is based on
minute and microscopical investigation I have added his observa-
tions to the descriptions of the different families, and for the
synopsis relied more largely on Stal, who was again the pioneer
in this field, and whose work enabled the Homoptera to be
adequately understood. In treating the Membracidae as a distinct
family, I, in common with other authorities, differ from the views
of Stal and Hansen, though possibly on morphological grounds
these authors may be quite right in relegating the Membracids to
a subfamily of the Jassidae.
Si/nojjsis of the Families of the Homoptera.
A. Ocelli three, placed on disk of vertex.
a. Antennae composed of a short basal joint, sur-
mounted by a hair-like process divided into
about five joints ; anterior femora incrassated
and generally spinose beneath ; abdomen in
males with a sonorous apparatus on each side of
base Cicadidae.
B. Ocelli two (rarely three or entirely absent).
b. Ocelli placed beneath or near the eyes, usually
in the cavities of the cheeks.
* This is a not perfectly constant character, as in some Cicadas the tarsal
joints are only two.
54 HOMOPTEEA.
a. Antennfe very variable in form, placed beneath
the eyes, usually of two joints terminated by
a very fine hair.
a', Prouotum neither armed nor unusually
developed Fulgoridae.
c. Ocelli placed between the eyes.
b. Antennae inserted in front of and between eyes.
a^. Pronotum prolonged backwards into a hood
or process of variable form Membracidae.
d. Ocelli (occasionally absent) placed on vertex.
a^. Pronotum not prolonged beyond base of
abdomen.
c. Posterior tibiae armed with one or two spines,
and with a cluster of spinules at apex Cercopidae.
e. Ocelli placed on front margin of head, usually
almost in a line with front of eyes.
d. Posterior tibi-e with a double series of spines
beneath Jassidae.
CICADIDiE.
55
Family CICADID^.
Stridulantes, Latr. Fam. Nat. E'egne An. p. 426 (1825) ; Amy. Sf
Serv. Hem. p. 4oS (1843).
Stridulantia, Bunn. Haudh. i\, 1, pp. 102 & 170 (1835) ; Stal, Hem.
Afr. iv, p. 1 (1866).
Cicadidc-e. Westw. Intr. Mod. Class. Ins. ii, p. 420 (1840) ; Dist.
Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 1 (1889).
Cicadariae, Pack, {nee Latr.) Guide Stud;/ Ins. ed. v. p. 533 (1876).
Ocelli three in number and placed on the disk of vertex of head;
antennae short, inserted close to eyes and composed of seven
joints*; head short, broad, and transverse, terminating beneath
in an elongated rostrum composed of three joints ; thorax large ;
pronotum short and ti'ansverse, with two oblique discal incisures
or furrows on each side ; mesonotum (by some writers referred
to as scutellum) very large and terminating posteriorly in a small
basal cruciform elevation (which has sometimes been termed
Fig. 31. — Vlatylomia radha, Dist.
Body.
Tcgniina and Wings.
1.
Front of bead.
6.
Abdomen.
10.
Costal membrane.
16.
Ulnar areas.
o
Vertex of head.
/.
Face on liead
11.
Costal area.
17.
Apical areas
3.
Pronotum.
beneath.
12.
Costal vein.
18.
Postcostal
4.
Mesonotum.
8.
Rostrum.
13.
Radial vein.
area.
5.
Cruciform elevation.
9.
Opercula.
14.
Basal cell.
19.
Clavalarea.
ba
. Tympanal coverings.
15.
Radial area.
20.
Clavas.
* This includes the two joints of the peduncle or basal joint ; the flagellum
consists of five joints, and, according to Hansen, on the underside of the first
and second joints there is a very large number of sensory organs, and on the
last three joints he has found a few of the smaller examples of these organs.
56 CIOABTDiE.
the metathoracic cross); abdomen consisting of six segments
and an anal appendage ; anterior femora incrassated and nearly
always more or less spino.se beneath ; tegmina and ^vings usually
hyaline, sometimes opaque, their venation distinct and usually
furcate in ramification, but occasionally reticulate. To these cha-
racters may be added those given by Hansen, viz.: no empodium:
second pair of abdominal spiracles placed in a transverse ventral
furrow, looking anteriorly and medianly ; third to seventh pairs
placed in the sternites, not in the pleura.
The terms used in subsequent descriptions for structural details
are explained in the accompanving figure (p. 55).
The Cicadidte possess a distinctive attribute in their loud stridu-
lation, which is, however, confined to the males. Xenarchus long
since wrote, " Happy the Cicadas's lives, for they all have voiceless
wives."' The sound given forth varies in intensity, but is scarcely
to be described as a musical production ; it has been differently
described by travellers in various parts of the world as resembling
a rail\vay-\\'histle, a knife-grinder, razor-grinder, &c., while some
field-naturalists maintain that the noise is distributed \\ith the
power of a ventriloquist, and that it is difficult to locate the
insects by their cries ; the writer's experience, however, both in
the Ethiopian and Oriental Eegions, scarcely confirms this hypo-
thesis. The structure and mechanism of the sound-producing
apparatus liave been studied and described by a number of ento-
mologists and other naturalists, of whom we may mention the
names of Eeaumiu', Goureau and Solier, Duges, Landois, Maj^er,
Carlet, and Jno. C. Gallon. Of these perhaps Carlet has given us
the best information, or at all e^'ents the foundation on which others
have worked. The sound-producing apparatus is covered beneath
by two flaps, which, as pointed out by AVestwood, are, " in fact, the
dilated sides of the metasternum ; " these have been sometimes
incorrectly referred to as " drums," but are really covering-flaps,
or, as they are generally called (and in this volume alluded to),
opercula. These structures in shape, length, and direction fre-
quently afford the most reliable dift'ereutiation for species, and in
the Dundubiaria exhibit the most striking variety. The real drums
or tympana are laterally situate near the upper surface of the base
of the abdomen, and are either concealed by tympanal coverings
as in the Cicadime, partially concealed as in the Gseaninaj, or
completely exposed as in the Tibicininte. The females are pro-
vided with a strongly developed ovipositor, by which they are
enabled to pierce the branches of trees and there deposit their
eggs, which in some cases amount to a very large number.
The Cicadas are victims fo many enemies and are apparently
defenceless creatures. Among their persecutors may be mentioned
species of Mantis (Orthoptera), spiders, dragon-flies, hornets,
wasps, AsiUdcr (Diptera), and many birds ; they have also been
found to be devoured by trout both in Japan and iNew Zealand,
and are used as food by some of the primitive races of mankind.
In India, as I am informed by Mr. E. M. Dixon, they afford pre}'^
to the Lesser Kestrel {Tinmmculus cenchris) and the Shikra {Astur
CICADID.'E. 57
badms), whilst a certain number are also killed by the Ashy
Drongo (Dicninis longicaudatus) and the Jungle-Crow (Corvns
mncrorhynchus). Their worst enemy, however, accordiug to my
informant, appears to be a lizard {Calotes versicolor), which kills
and devours a large number.
Probably about one thousand species have been described from
various parts of the world, but a complete synomymic catalogue
on which I have been long engaged is not yet com]:)]eted. In
Britain we possess one species, and tiiat a rare insect, but in the
Tropics, and especially the Eastern Tropics, they are abundant.
Their life-histories are" little known, and should prove to be of the
most interesting character, for of one Nearctic species, Tihicina
septendecim, it seems to be conclusively proved that in its imma-
ture condition it lives beneath the surface of the ground for a
period of some seventeen years, during which it feeds on roots, &c.,
aud that it has but a short life as a perfect winged insect.
Some considerable difference in generic arrangement will be
found in the enumeration of the Cicadidfe in this volume and in
my ' Monograph of the Oriental Cicadida;.' This has been brought
about, or rather necessitated, by a thorough revision of all the
known genera, aud an attempt to fix their true characters from
an examination of the structure of their original types. I have
constructed synopses of all tlie genera I have seen (and I have
been able to examine most) from all parts of the world, and
these have have been published in the 'Annals and Magazine of
jN'at. Hist.' during the last two years.
• The Cicadida} in my view may be divided into three distinct
subfamilies : —
A. Tympanal coverings present.
a. Tympanal coverings entirely concealing tym-
panal orifices Cicadina'.
aa. Tympanal coverings imperfect, more or less
exposing orifices Gceanince. ,
B. Tympanal coverings absent Tihicinince.
These characters are fully shown in the following illustration : —
Fig. 32.
rJf^
/. 2. 3.
1. Bunduhia intemerata, Walk. With lympanal coverings
complete Cicadincp.
2. Terjmosia ffccnesa, Dial. With tympanal coverings rudi-
mentary Gaanince.
3. Qiiintilia suhvittata, Walk. With tympaiml coverings
entirely absent Tibicinince.
58 CICADID.E.
Subfamily I. CICADINtE.
Cicadinee, Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. ^. 3 (1889).
This subfamily, recognized by the complete covering of the
tympanal orifices by the tympanal flaps, has a world-wide distri-
bution, but is more strongly represented in the Eastern than in
the AVestern Hemisphere ; it is also in the first that the genera
containing the most gigantic species occur, illustrated in this
fauna by Cri/ptoti/uqxma, Platylomia, and Pomponia. These genera
are not found in the Ethiopian Region, and it is only in Madagascar
M'here a similar development in size and colour occurs ; with the
exception of this island, the Oriental and Malayan Eegions may
be accepted as the headquarters of the Cicadinse.
Division POLYNEURARIA.
Polyneiiraria, Dist. A. M. N. H. (7) xiv, p. 293 (1904).
Lateral margins of the pronotum ampliated, and more or less
angularly produced. Head (including eyes) about as wide or
wider than base of mesonotum, or sometimes little more than
two-thirds of its width ; costal membrane of tegmina sometimes
much arched and dilated, the apical areas usually eight in number,
but in a few genera smaller in size and much more numerous ;
tegmina varying in hue from pale hyaline to dark opaque.
Synopsis of Genera.
A. Tegmina with eight apical areas.
a. Head (including eyes) about as wide or
wider than base of mesonotum ; not
frontally produced, more or less truncate
and deflected in front of eyes ; costal meu>
brane of tegmina not prominently dilated
nor arched at base Platypleuba, p. 58.
b. Head (including eyes) only about or little
more than two-thirds the width of base
of mesonotum ; costal membrane of
tegmina prominently arched at base and
dilated Pycxa, p. 71.
B. Tegmina with numerous, always more than
eight apical areas.
a. Tegmina semihyaline, only more or less
reticulately veined on apical area ; opercula
not quite reaching middle of abdomen . . Angamiana, p. 72.
Tegmina opaque ; venation on apical half
dense and furcate ; opercula not extending
beyond basal segment Polyneura, p. 73.
Genus PLATYPLEURA.
Platypleura, Amy. Sj- Serv. Hem. p. 465 (1843) ; Stdl, Hem. Afr. iv,
pp. 2 & 9 (1800) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. iv, p. 144 (1860) ; Dist.
Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 19 (1889).
Subgen. Oxypleura, Amy. Sf Serv. Hem. p. 409 (1843).
PLATYPLEURA. 59
Siibgen. Pcecilopsaltria, Stal, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 2 (1866) ; Dist. Man.
Orient, dead. p. 5 (1889).
Type. Genus Flatypleura, P. stridula, Linn. ; a S. African species.
Subgen. O.iyplfnra, O. clara, Amy. & Serv. ; an Ethiopian
species.
Subgen. Pcecilopsaltria, P. octogiittata, Fabr.
Distribution. Ethiopian, Oriental, Malayan, and Eastern Palse-
arctie Regions *.
Body robust, somewhat short; abdomen in male about as long as
space between apex of head and base of cruciform elevation : head
broad, truncate anteriorly, including eyes a little or scarcely broader
than base of raesonotura, ocelli about twice and sometimes thrice
the distance from eyes as from each other, face moderately convex
not prominent above ; pronotum with the lateral margins ampliated
or laminately medially angulate ; anterior femora not prominently
spined ; metasternum with a central elevated plate-like process,
which is centrally sulcated and posteriorly somewhat sinuately
truncate ; tympana practically concealed by the tympanal flaps or
coverings ; opercula in male short, broad, their apices more or less
convexly rounded ; tegmina and wings either hyaline or more
or less opaquely coloured, tegmina with the basal cell a little longer
than broad ; the costal membrane only moderately dilated or arched
at base, apical areas eight in number.
Oxypleiu-a, Amy. & kServ., merely includes species with hyaline,
non-opaque tegmina and wings: Pcecilopsaltria,^{ti\.,'L have hitherto
regarded as distiiict from PJatypleiira by the slightly greater width
of the head including eyes, but I now think that difference alone
is too slight for generic separation ; it may, however, be stated
that the generic form described by Stal is more dominant in the
Oriental Region, while the character of typical Platyphura is a
marked feature in the Ethiopian species.
I. Head including eyes a little wider than base of mesonotum.
a. Breadth hetween pronotal anr/les greater than space between
apex of head and base of cruciform elevation.
b. Tegmina and wings hyaline, the first sometimes more or less
spotted.
c. Pronotal margins medially angularly produced.
d. nostrum extending to half the length of abdomen.
1534. Platypleura bufo, Walk. (Oxyplem-a) List Horn. \, p. 27 (1850) ;
Atkins. (Platvpleura) J. A. S. Beng. liii, p. 216 (1885); id.
J. A. S. Beng. Iv, p. 149 (1886) ; Dist. (Pcecilopsaltria) Man.
Orient. C'icad. p. 5, t. viii, f. 20 a, h (1889).
Head and pronotum brownish ochraceous ; head with two some-
* Goding and Froggatt have recently described a species from Northern
Australia as belonging to Platypleura. They, however, describe it as similar to
the Madagascar species P. guttidcda, Sign., which I place in my genus Yanga.
60 CICABIDiE.
what broken black transverse fascias, the first at anterior margin
of front, the second between eyes ; pronotum with the posterior
margin much paler, the lateral margins a little darker, two central
lines on disk and the incisures black ; mesonotum purplish-brown,
with two small central anterior obconical spots and the lateral
areas black ; abdomen piceous, segmental margins pale castaneous,
tympanal coverings and apex brownish-ochraceous ; sternum and
legs brownish-ochraceous ; opercula pale with their disks piceous ;
tegmina and wings hyaline slightly tinged with ochraceous, veins
brownish-ochraceous ; tegmina with costal membrane and area,
base including basal cell, and extreme base of wings brownish-
ochraceous.
Length excl. tegm. 29 ; exp. tegm. 86 ; breadth between pronot.
angl. 19 millim.
Hah. " East India " {Inglis, Brit. Mus.).
I only know this species by the unique type in the British
Museum.
P. bnfo is to be recognized by the great breadth of the
pronotum.
aa. Breadth between jpronotal angles about equal to space between
apex of liead and base of cruciform elevation.
dd. Rostrum onln just passing posterior coxce.
153-3. Platypleura mackinnoni, Bist: Tr. H. S. 1904, p. 667, pi. xxix,
f. 1 a, h.
Head and pronotum ochraceous ; head with the lateral margins
of front, face (excluding basal spot), anterior lateral margins of
vertex, and a broad transverse fascia bet\^een eyes (including the
area of the ocelli) black ; pronotum with the basal margin strami-
neous, its disk, with a central longitudinal fascia (much broadened
at base), and the incisures, black ; mesonotum pale castaneous, with
two anterior, fused, obconical spots, on each side of which is a
longer obconical spot, and a large cuiwed basal spot with its apex
prolonged, black ; basal cruciform elevation pale castaneous with
its central area black ; abdomen black, apex and margins of the
tympana ochraceous ; legs, rostrum, posterior margins of abdominal
segments and apical segment (more or less) ochraceous ; tegmina
pale talc-like, the venation ochraceous on basal half, piceous on
apical area, extreme basal area piceous : wings pale hyaline, the
venation ochraceous, about basal tliird piceous streaked with
ochraceous.
J . Opercula almost meeting interiorly, their lateral and poste-
rior margins obhque, their apices reaching the base of the second
abdominal segment.
Length excl. tegm., S & ? , 25 ; exp. tegm. 75; breadth
between pronotal angles 14 millim.
Hah. Mussooree : Dehra Dun (P. W. MacUnnon, 18/6/1903).
PLATYPLEUBA.
61
1536. Platyplenra polita, IFalk. (Oxypleura) List Horn, i, p. 29
(18.jO) ; B/ifL Cisf. Entom. \, p. 196 (1874) ; Dist (Poecilo-
psaltria) Mon. Orient, dead. p. 7, tab. i. f. 16, a, b (1889>
Head, pronotum, and mesouotum brownish-oc-hraceous ; head
with some spots on front and a broken transverse fascia between
eyes blacJv ; pronotum witli one or two central spots and the
incisures black ; mesonotum Avith four obconical spots (of which
the two central are shortest), a central lanceolate spot, and two
small spots in front of cruciform elevation black ; abdomen black,
with the tympanal coverings, posterior margins of most of the
segments, and a spot on each side of anal segment ochraceous ;
Fig. 33. — Platypleura polita.
head beneath, sternum, legs, and opercula ochraceous, a narrow
, fascia between eyes, and interior area of opercula, black ; abdomen
beneath as above, but more castaueous than black ; tegmina and
wings pale hyaline, the veins brownish-ochraceous ; tegmina with
transverse veins at bases of apical areas, costal membrane and
area, and sometimes other spots as shown in the above figure,
fuscous-brown.
Length excl. tegm. 23 ; exp. tegm. 70 ; breadth between pronotal
angles 12 to 12| millim.
Hah. Karwar, Canara, Trivandrnra.
CO. Fronotal margins subtruncate, not medially angulale.
1537. Platyplenra cervina, Walh. List Horn, i, p. 16 (1850) ; Atkins.
J. A. S. Bentj. liii, p. 217 (1885); Dist. (Pcecilopsaltria) Mon.
Orient, dead. p. 8, tab. v, f. 12 a, h (1889).
Platypleura straminea, Walk. List Horn. \, p. 17 (1850).
Brownish-ochraceous, lateral and posterior margins of pronotum
and abdomen a little paler, and mesouotum a little darker in hue ;
mesonotum with two obscure central anterior obconical spots ;
tegmina and wings hyaline strongly tinged with pale ochraceous,
the veins of both and costal membranes and area of tegmina
ochraceous ; transverse veins at bases of third, fourth, fifth,
seventh, and eighth apical areas to tegmina margined with pale
fuscous, and sometimes a small spot of the same colour on the
62 CICADID.I.
longitudinal veins to the second and third apical areas ; lateral
pronotal angles a little ampliate, but subtruncate, not medially
angulate.
Length excl. tegm. 18 ; exp. tegm. 50 ; breadth between pronotal
angles 9 inillim.
Hah. North Bengal (Miss Campbell, Brit. Mus.).
Apparently a scarce species ; my own collection contains one
unlocalized male specimen.
bb. Teqmina and winr/s h)/aline, hut tvith hasal areas of hoth
more or less opaque.
. Pronotal margins ampliated, hut not medially angulate.
1538. Platypleura basialba. Walk. (Oxvpleura) List Horn, i, p. 26
(IS.jO) ; Butl. (Platypleura) Cist. Ent. i, p. 191 (1874) ; Atkim.
J. A. S. Bern/. Iv, p. 147 (1886) ; Dist. (PcBcilopsaltria) Mon.
Orient. Cicad. p. 9, tab. viii, f. 19 a, b (1889).
Head olivaceous, base of front, anterior margins of vertex, and a
narrow fascia between eyes black ; pronotum pale tawny brown,
lateral and posterior margins paler, a short central discal line, two
posterior small central spots, incisures, and edge of lateral margins
black ; mesonotum pale brown, with four obcouical spots (the two
central ones shortest), a central lanceolate spot, and two small
rounded spots in front of cruciform elevation black ; abdomen
above black, the tympanal coverings and segmental margins pale
olivaceous ; body beneath and legs pale ochraccous ; a somewhat
imperfect fascia between eyes, crossing base of face, black ; abdo-
men beneath veiy strongly greyishly pilose, more or less shaded with
piceous ; tegraina and wings hyaline ; tegraina with the venation,
costal area and membrane, and basal cell pale olivaceous, basal
third pale obscure fuscous with a central cretaceous fascia ; wings
with nearly basal half blacl^, and tlie veins brownish ; body above
and beneath more or less greyishly pilose.
Length excl. tegm. 21 ; exp. tegm. 62 ; breadth between pronotal
angles 11 millim.
Hah. North Bengal {Miss CampheJl, Brit. Mus.) ; Dehra Dun
{MacTcinnon) ; Mhow (Forsayeth, Brit. Mus.).
c". Pronotal margins medially a)igulate.
1539. Platypleura coelebs, Stdl, Tr. E. S. (3) i, p. 573 (1863) ; Atkins.
J. A. S. Benq. liii, p. 313 (1885); Dist. (Poecilopsaltria) Mon.
Orient. Cicad. p. 12, tab. i. f. 12 a, b (1889).
Head ochraceous ; front (excluding a central spot), lateral margins
of vertex, and a transverse fascia between eyes black ; pronotum
pale castaneous, lateral and posterior margins stramineous ; meso-
notum castaneous, with four large obconical spots (the two central
ones smallest), a central lanceolate spot, and two small spots in
front of cruciform elevation black ; abdomen black, the posterior
segmental margins and tympanal coverings ochraceous ; head
PLATTPLEUEA.
63
beneath, sternum, legs, rostrum, and opercula ochraceous ; a
transverse fascia between eyes, inner margins of eyes, and apex
of rostrum black ; abdomen beneath castaneous, posterior seg-
mental margins and apex ochraceous ; tegmina hyaline or talc-like,
about basal half creamy opaque, shaded with pale fuscous, and
more or less defined by an indistinct curved pale fuscous fascia,
costal membrane and area and the veins dark ochraceous, trans-
verse veins at bases of second, third, fourth, fifth, and seventh
apical areas slightly inf uscate ; wings stramineous for about two-
thirds their area from base, outwardly margined with fuscous,
remaining area pale hyaline, the veins dark ochraceous ; rostrum
passing postez'ior coxa3.
Length excl. tegm. 22 to 23 ; exp. tegm. 64 to 68 ; breadth
between pronotal angles 11 millim.
Hah. iJeccan {Coll. Dist.). China; Chusan {Ind. Mus.).
bbb. Tegmina and wings with the base of first and the wliole of
second opaque.
c^. Pronotal margins amjyliate, very obtusely medially angulate.
d'. Rostrum reaching middle of abdomen.
1540. Platypleura watsoni, Bist. (Pcecilopsaltria) A. M. X. H. (6)
XX, p. 18 (1897).
2 . Head, pi'onotum, and mesonotum brownish-ochraceous ; head
with transverse margin to front, a spot above base of antennae,
area of ocelli, and transverse fascia connecting same with eyes
black ; pronotum with incisures and two central fasciae black ;
mesonotum with four obconical spots (the central two shortest), a
Fig. 34. — Platypleura watsoni, § .
central lanceolate spot, and two small spots in front of cruciform
elevation black ; abdomen piceous, ochraceously pilose, segmental
margins ochraceous ; sternum, legs, rostrum, and opercula dull
ochraceous ; face with the central sulcation and a transverse fascia
between eyes black ; abdomen beneath as above, but not ochra-
ceously pilose ; tegmina talc-like, veins brown, brownish at base,
with three irregular transverse brown fasciae enclosing rounded
creamy spots, a double row of outer marginal spots situate on
6i CICADID.^E.
longitudinal veins to apical areas ; wings stramineous, the apical
margin and a transverse fascia before apex dark castaneous, these
castaneous markings enclose a large subapical stramineous spot.
Eostrum reaching apex of second abdominal segment.
Length excl. tegm., § , 22 ; exp. tegm. 62 ; breadth between
pronotal angles 10 millim.
Hab. Burma, North Chin Hills (Watson).
d". Rostrum just passing posterior coxa;.
1541. Platypleura westwoodi, Stal, Tr. E. S. (3) i. p. 571 (1863);
Dist. (Pcecilopsaltria) Mo7i. Orient, dead. p. 15, tab. i, f. 18 a, b
(1889).
Body olivaceous, thickly greyishly pilose ; head with a narrow,
obscure, black fascia between eyes ; pronotum with the incisures,
two small central posterior spots, and outer edges of lateral
marginal areas black ; mesonotum with four obcouical black spots,
the central spots shortest, a central lanceolate spot and two small
rounded spots in front of cruciform elevation black ; basal abdo-
minal segmental margins black ; head beneath M-ith an obscure
black fascia between eyes ; tegmina semihyaline, basal third pale
fuscous, the base and basal area paler, the last with three fuscous
spots, costal membrane and area green, venation brown or fuscous,
a broad curved fascia crossing beyond cell, a large triangular sub-
apical patch, and broad outer marginal spots fuscous, the last with
paler centres ; wings bright ochraceous, basal and apical areas
(connected on posterior margin) castaneous, two greyish spots on
outer margin, one near apex, the other near anal angle.
Length excl. tegm. 25 ; exp. tegm. 76 ; breadth between pronotal
singles 15 millim.
Hah. Ceylon {Green).
c'. Pronotal marrjins distinctly medially angaJate.
d^. Rostrum onhj just pKissiny posterior coccce.
1542. Platypleura basi-viridis. Walk. List Horn. i. p. 18 (1850) ;
Dist. (Pcecilopsaltria) Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 8, tab. ix, f. 6 a, b
(1889).
Head and thorax above brownish-ochraceous ; head with a large
spot on each side of front and a transverse fascia between eyes
black ; pronotum with the lateral and posterior margins stra-
mineous, a discal augulated spot, two small spots at centre of
posterior margin, an oblique spot behind eyes, the incisures and
edge of lateral margins, black ; mesonotum with four obconical
spots (the central ones shortest), a central lanceolate spot, and four
small basal spots, black ; abdomen black, tympanal coverings and
posterior segmental margins ochraceous ; body beneath and legs
dull ochraceous ; central sulcation to face, an irregular fascia
between eyes, and apices of rostrum and tarsi black ; tegmina
PLATYPLEUEA. 65
hyaline, basal third semi-opaque, veius and costal membrane
brownish, the last with two blackish spots, basal cell brownish
with a darker spot, a curved fascia crossing near base, followed
by a more waved macular fascia, a dark and outwardly concave
macular fascia crossing beyond end of radial area, an oblique
fascia on the transverse veins at bases of apical areas extending
to half the breadth of tegmina, and a double series of small
obscure spots at apices of longitudinal veins to apical areas, dark
brownish ; wings ochraceous, margins broadly, especially at apex,
dark brownish, with a pale marginal cretaceous spot at apex and
centre of posterior margin.
Length excl. tegm., c5" , 18 ; exp. tegm. 52 to 55 ; breadth between
pronotal angles 10 millini.
Hah. Bombay Prov. ; Karwar {^Ind. Mus. and Coll. Dist.).
1543. Platypleura sphinx. Walk. List Horn. \, p. 13 (1850) ; Atkins.
J. A. H. Benq. liii. p. 213 (1885); Dht. (Poecilopsaltria) Mon.
Orient. Oica'd. p. 13, tab, viii, f. 16 a, b, c (1889).
Body pale tawny-brown, shortly and palely pilose ; head with
two transveri5e brown fasciae ; mesonotura with four obconical
spots, the inner two very short, the outermost very long, a central
longitudinal spot, and two small spots in front of the cruciform
elevation, fuscous-brown ; tegmina hyaline, talc-like, basal area
pale tawny-brown, with the greater part of the radial area and
three discal spots hyaline, veins and costal membrane and area
pale tawny-brown, a broken oblique fascia at end of ulnar areas
and anteriorly continued to apex, and elongate spots at apices of
longitudinal veins to apical areas, pale tawny-brown ; wings pale
tawny-brown, the veins much paler, above basal half of anal area
and a broad central fasciate spot pale obscure stramineous, a creamy-
white spot on posterior and apical margins.
Length excl. tegm., <5 , 16 ; exp. tegm. 46 ; breadth between
pronotal angles 8 millim.
Hah. North Bengal (Camphell Sf WarivicTc, Brit. Mus.); Mhow
(ForsayetJi, Brit. Mus.).
1544. Platypleura capitata, Oliv. (Cicada) Unc. Meth. v, p. 754. 34,
tab. cxii, f. 10 (1790) ; Stdl (Poecilopsallria), Berl. ent. Zeit. x,
p. 169 (1866) ; Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 18 (1889).
Oxvpleura subrufa, Walk. Lid Horn, i, p. 25 (1850) ; Atkins.
(Platypleura) J. A. S. BeiKj. liii, p. 216 (1885); Dist. (Poeci-
lopsaltria) Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 9, tab. i, f. 1 a, b (1889).
Stoll, Ci(j. f. 103.
Head and pronotum brownish-ochraceous ; head with base and
lateral margins of front, anterior margins of vertex, and transverse
fascia between eyes black ; pronotum with the posterior and lateral
margins stramineous, edges of lateral margins and a small obscure
central discal spot black ; mesonotum pale castaneous, with four
obconical spots (the two central shortest), a central elongate spot,
TOL. III. r
66 CICADID^.
and two small spots in front of the cruciform elevation black ; abdo-
men black, with the posterior segmental margin castaneous, tympanal
coverings brownish-ochraceous ; body beneath, rostrum, sternum,
opercula, and legs ochraceous ; central sulcation to face, and an
irregular fascia between eyes, blaclv ; abdomen beneath castaneous,
the posterior segmental margins paler ; tegmina hyaline, with about
basal third opaque, base, a subbasal oblique fascia, and a shorter
transverse fascia near middle umber-brown, space between these
fasciae obscure creamy-white, veins and costal membrane brownish-
ochraceous, transverse veins at bases of apical areas infuscated, and
some elongate spots on apices of longitudinal veins to apical areas
fuscous ; wings dark umber-brown, with a central obscure creamy
fascia not reaching posterior margin, apical margin, and a spot on
posterior margin creamy-white.
Length excl. tegm, 28 ; exp. tegm. 75 ; breadth between pronotal
angles 14 millim.
Hah. " [Southern India "' {Coll. Dist.). Cejdon; Colombo (Leivis).
1545. Platypleura hanipsoni, Bist. (Poscilopsaltria) A. M. N. H.
(5) XX, p. 226 (1887) ; id. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 11, tab. i,
f. 8, a, b (1889).
2 . Head pale ochraceous, front with basal and linear black
markings, vertex Avith a transverse fascia between eyes and a
linear spot near its anterior angles ; pronotum greenish-ochraceous,
its lateral and posterior margins reddish-ochraceous, a central
longitudinal fascia (widened anteriorly and posteriorly), the inci-
sures, and outer borders of lateral marginal ai'eas black ; meso-
notum greenish-ochraceous, with four obconical spots (the central
two smallest), a central lanceolate spot, and two rounded spots in
front of cruciform elevation black ; abdomen above and beneath
black ; face black, the transverse striations ochraceous, a black
fascia between face and eyes ; sternum ochraceously pilose ; abdo-
minal segmental margins and anal appendage ochraceous ; legs
castaneous, streaked or spotted wiVa piceous and ochraceous ;
tegmina hyaline, venation brown, basal third opaque, with darker
transverse markings and a black streak in basal cell, a double
irregular series of spots crossing at near middle, a fascia at bases
of upper apical ai^eas, and a few small subapical and marginal spots
dark brown ; wings brownish-ochraceous, paler at apex and very
pale across centre, with a white marginal spot near anal angle ;
veins brown.
Length excl. tegm. 23 ; exp. tegm. 70 ; breadth between pronotal
angles 13 millim.
Hab. Nilgiri Hills, northern slopes, 3500 and 5000 feet
{Hampson).
1546. Platypleura affinis, Fahr. (Tettigonia) Syst. Rhyng. p. 37. 22
(1803) ; Germ. (Cicada) in Thon, Ent. Arch, ii, 2, p. 1 (1830) :
Stdl (Poecilopsaltria), Mem. Fabr. ii, p. 4 (18G9) ; Atkins.
PLATYP-LEURA. 67
J. A. S. Beng. liii, p. 211 (1885) ; Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad.
p. IS (1889).
Platypleiira nicobarica, Butl. A. M. N. H. (4) xix, p. 311
(1877) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. liii, p. 213 (1885) ; Dist.
(Poecilopyaltria) Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 12, tab. i, f. 3, a, h
(1889).
Var. Platvpleura distincta, Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. liii, p. 233
(1885). '
Head, prouotuiu, and niesonotum browuish-ocbraceoiis ; anterior
margin of front, a broad fascia between eyes, and edges of tbe
dilated pronotal lateral margins black ; mesonotum with four
obcouical spots (the two central spots shortest), a central lanceolate
spot, and two small spots in front of the cruciform elevation
black ; abdomen black, the posterior segmental margins ochra-
ceons ; head beneath, sternum, legs, and rostrum ochraceous ; a
narrow fascia between eyes, central snlcation, aud posterior margin
of face black ; abdomen beneath dark castaneous, the segmental
margins ochraceous ; tegmina with about basal half ochraceous
aud opaque, with two spots on costal membrane, a spot in basal
cell and two in radial area dark brown ; apical half of tegmina
pale hyaline, a fascia not quite crossing beyond radial area, an
oblique fascia crossing the apices of the upper three ulnar areas,
and an irregular double series of spots near apices of longitudinal
veins to apical areas brownish-ochraceous ; wings ochraceous,
the outer margins and a transverse discal fascia dark brown, a
creamy spot on posterior margin.
• The var. distincta, Atkins., differs by tbe somewhat smaller and
less intense black markings on head and thorax, aud by the wings
having the subapical discal fascia fused with outer margin.
Length excl. tegm. 25 : exp. tegm. 76 ; breadth between pronotal
angles 14| to 15 millim.
Hah. jNicobar Islands.
d*. nostrum reachincj base of abdomen.
1547. Platypleiira OCtoguttata, Fabr. (Tettigonia) Ent. Syst. Suppl.
p. 515. 22-23 (1798) ; id. Syst. Bhyng. p. 39. 33 (1803j ; Coqueb.
III. Icon. Ins. i, p. 34, t. 9, f. 1 (1799) ; StSl (Poecilopsaltria),
Berl. ent. Zeit. p. 168 (1886) ; Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 10,
tab. i, f. 5, a, b (1899).
Oxypleura sanguiflua, Walk. List Horn, i, p. 24 (1850) ; id. Ins.
Saund. Horn. p. 2 (1858).
Head ochraceous, margins of front, a transverse fascia between
and a spot behind the eyes black ; pronotum pale castaneous, the
posterior and lateral margins ochraceous, two very small central
black spots, aud the edges of the lateral margins sometimes black
or piceous ; mesouotum ochraceous, with four large obconical spots
(the two central shortest), a central lanceolate spot, and two spots
(souietimes fused) in front of the cruciform elevation black ;
abdomen black, shortly greyishly pilose, posterior segmental
r2
68 CICADID^.
margins and tympanal coverings dull ocbraceous ; body beneath
and legs dull ocbraceous ; abdomen thickly greyishly pilose ; a
transverse fascia between ejes and central sulcatiou to face, some
sternal spots, basal areas of opercula, and apex of rostrum black ;
tegmina hyaline, about basal half opaque, veins and costal mem-
brane brownish -ocbraceous, the last with two brown spots, a basal
patch, a broad transverse fascia at about one-third from base and
a waved fascia united to it at apex of radial area, transverse veins
at bases of apical areas, and a series of small spots near apices of
longitudinal veins to apical areas dark chocolate-brown, space
between basal fascise and a spot near apex of radial area creamy-
white ; wings dark chocolate-brown, with basal sanguineous rays,
and the outer margin (not extending to anal angle) pale white
hyaline.
Yar. a. "Wings with a subcostal ocbraceous patch.
Var. 6. AVings ocliraceous, the outer area only chocolate-brown^
and the sanguineous rays entirely absent.
Length excL tegm. 24 to 26 ; exp. tegm. 73 to 85 ; breadth
between pronotal angles l-tmillim.
Bah. Pan jab ; Wazeerabad (Hearsay); North Bengal {Camp-
hell) ; Kaina Tal {Stockh. IIus.). Mussooree {Maclinuon) ; Eaj-
pootana ; Mt. Aboo (Ind. Mus.). Jodhpoor and Sambalpoor
{Ind. 31us.). Karachi (Ind. Mus.). Bombay (Leith). Ivarvvar
(Coll. Dist.). Comihatove (Walhottse). JN'ilgiri Hills (Hampson).
Shivarai Hills (Bidie 4' Morris). Mhow (ForsayetJi, Brit, Mus.).
Ceylon (Green).
A very variable species.
bbbb. Tegmina and ivings u'holly ojiaque ; irronotal margins
medially angidate ; rostrum reaching base of abdomen.
1548. Platypleura andamana, Dist. Tr. E. S. 1878, p. 174 ; Atkins.
J. A. S. Beng. liii, p. 1*14 (1885) ; Dist. (rcecilopsaltria) Mon.
Orient. Cicud. p. 17, tab. i, f. 9, a, b (1889).
Tawny-brown, pubescent ; head with a spot on each side of
front and a transverse fascia between eyes black ; pronotum with
two small central posterior spots and the incisures black ; meso-
notum with four obconical spots (the two central smallest),
a central lanceolate spot, and two small spots in front of cruciform
elevation black ; abdomen black, posterior segmental margins dull
ocbraceous and strongly and palely pilose; body beneath and legs
brownish-ochraceous ; tegmina brown, opaque with pale semi-
opaque markings, especially on apical half, basal third thickly
covered with pale pubescence and containing five dark brown
spots — two in radial area, one at base of third and two in fourth
ulnar area, remainder of tegmina less pubescent with numerous
greyish-white spots, the most prominent being a transverse series
at end of apical area and a waved series commencing about middle
of upper ulnar area, where they are very distinct beneath, a double
PLATTrLETTRA. 69
series of small brown spots near apices of longitudinal veins to
apical areas, a dull whitish spot on inner angle of outer margin ;
wings very pale castaneous, with dark brown outer margin and
suffused darlv brown discal streaks.
Length excl. tegm. 22 to 24| ; exp. tegm. 76| to 84 ; breadth
between pronotal angles 14 millim.
Hab. Andaman Islds. {De Roepstorff).
II. Head including eyes not, or scarcely, broader than base of
mesouotum ; pronotal margins medially augulate.
a. Rostrum passing base of abdomen.
1549. Platypleura nobilis. Germ. (Cicada) in Thon, Ent. Arch, ii, 2,
p. 2 (1830); iStal (Platvpleura), Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1862,
p. 479; Atkins. J. A. S. Beni). liii, p. 215 (1885) ; Bist. Man.
Orient. Cicad. p. 21, tab. i, f.'l3, a, b (1889).
Cicada hemiptera, Gner. B'elang. Voy. Ind. p. 500 (1S34).
Platypleura seiuilucida, Walk. LiM Horn, i, p. 20 (1850).
Platypleura gemina, Walk. List Horn, i, p. 21 (1850).
Head, pronorum, and mesonotum brownish or greenish-ochra-
ceous ; head with the inner margins of eyes and a broken fascia
between them black ; pronotum with a central longitudinal
line, the incisures, and outer edges of dilated pronotal areas
black ; mesonotum with four obconical spots (the two central
shortest), a central lanceolate spot, and two small spots in front
Fig. 35. — Vlatypleura nobilis.
of cruciform elevation black ; abdomen greenish or brownish-
ochraceous, the segmental margins black ; body beneath ochraceous ;
central sulcation to face, fascia between eyes, some sternal spots,
metasternum at base of opercula, and apex of rostrum black ;
tegmina with about basal half creamy-ochraceous, opaque ; two
spots on costal membrane, basal cell, three spots in radial area, a
large spot on claval area, and a broad oblique fascia commencing
at end of radial area fuscous ; apical half pale hyaline, with a
subapical oblique waved fascia and a series of small spots near
apices of longitudinal veins to apical areas fuscous ; wings dark
fuscous-brown, with anal area and nearly apical third pale hyaline.
70 CICADID,!.
dislv usuall}' but. not always with a costal and central oblique
ochraceous fascia. Opercula in male internally overlapping.
Length excl. tegin. 15 to 17; esp. tegm. 50 to 60; breadth
between pronotal angles 10 to 10| millim.
IJi(h. Assam; Garo Hills (C/i<?ii»c??). Samagooting (/»(/. il/its.).
Munjpoor {Irid. Mus.). Burma ; Tavoy (Coll. Dist.). — Sumatra.
Java.
aa. nostrum oiily just jJCissimj posterior corvee.
1550. Platypleura insignis, Bisf. J. A. S. Beng. xlviii, p. 39, t. xi,
f. -1 (1879); id. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 22, tab. i, f. 15 (1889).
Allied to P. nohilis, but body griseously pubescent ; tegmina pale
hyaline, w ith the venation, costal membrane and area, radial ai-ea
(excepting almost apical half), and a large basal patch extending
to about one-third from base fulvous, griseously pubescent ; the
radial area is hyaline from about centre (where it is dariiest) to
near apex, w hich is narrowly fuhous and has a fuscous spot ou its
outer margin, a double series of small spots near apices of longi-
tudinal veins to apical areas, and an irregular series of small spots
at apices of ulnar areas, black ; wings pale hyaline, the venation
fulvous, and with less than basal half black.
To be separated from P. Qwbilis by the smaller dark basal areas
of the tegmina and wings, the rostrum only just passing posterior
coxae, and the opercula in male less inwardly overlapping.
Length excl. tegm. 15 ; exp. tegm. 45 : breadth between pronotal
angles S| millim.
IJah. Burma ; Karen Hills (Doliertt/). Upper Tenasserim
(Limbor(j).
aaa. nostrum reachincf base of anal segment.
1551. Platypleura badia, I)ist. Ann. 3Ius. Civ. Gen. xvii, p. 453,
t. iv. f. 6. a, b (1888) ; id. 3Ion. Orient. Cicad. p. 23, tab. vii.
f. 15, a, b (1889).
5 . Allied to P. insi<fnis, but differing by the opaque markings
to the tegmina being fulvous-brown ; the wings have the opaque
coloration extending further from the base, where it is simply
pale fulvous ; body fulvous brown ; structurally distinct by the
length of the rostrum, which reaches the base of the anal segment.
Length excl. tegm. 16 ; exp. tegm. 48 ; breadth between pronotal
angles 8j millim.
Hab. Tenasserim ; Houngdarau Valley (Fea).
aaaa. Rostrum reachivj to about middle of abdomen.
1552. Platypleura assamensis, Atl-ins. J. A. S. Benq. liii, p. 212
(1884).
Platvpleura repanda, var. assamensis. Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad.
p. 20, t. i, f. 11, fl, Z»(18S9).
PYCNA. 71
Head, pronotum, mesonotum, tympanal coverings, sternum,
rostrum, and legs pale olivaceous-brown ; abdomen black, the
segmental margins olivaceous ; opercula piceous, their margins
pale olivaceous-brown, sparingly ochraceously pilose above, more
thickly so beneath ; head with the area of the ocelli, a discal,
central, triangular spot and the incisures to pronotum, four ob-
conical spots (the two central much the shortest), a central
lanceolate spot, and two small rounded basal spots to mesonotum,
black ; tegmina with more than basal half pale brownish, opaque,
with darker spots and markings, radial area grey at base and
hyaline at apex, a hyaline spot in loA^er apical area, and an obscure
hyaline spot near the base of third and centre of fourth ulnar
areas, an oblique broad fuscous fascia crossing bases of first to
fifth apical areas, some small apical spots and still smaller fuscous
spots at apices of longitudinal veins to apical ai'eas ; wings ochra-
ceous, outer margins (particularly broad at apices) castaneous
brown ; apical margin to anal area hyaline.
Length excl, tegm., c? & $ , 20 to 21 ; exp. tegm. 60 to Go milhm.
Hah. Assam; Margherita(i5o/iert?/) ; N. Khusi Hills (C/<gmie?Z) ;
Naga Hills {Dolierty).
Genus PYCNA.
Pycna, Amy. S,- Serv. Hem, p. 463 (1843) ; Dist. A. M. N. H. (7)
xiv, p. 208 (1904).
Type, P. striv, Brulle ; a species found in Madagascar.
Distribution. Ethiopian and Oriental Eegions, and received from
China.
Allied to Plaii/pleura, from which it differs by the much
narrower head, which (including eyes) is only about, or little more
than, two-thirds the width of base of mesonotum ; the costal
membrane of tegmina is also prominently arched and dilated at
base.
1553. Pycna repanda, Litm. (Cicada) Si/st. Nat. i, 2, p. 707. 17 (1767) ;
Olii\ Enc. Meth. v, p. 754 (1790) ; Germ. i,i T/ion, Ent.
Arch. \i, 2, p. 2 (18.30) ; Fabr. (Tettigonia) Sj). Ins. ii, p. .321. 16
(1781) ; Atkins. (Platvplaura) J. A. -S'. Beng. Iv, p. 150 (1886) ;
Bisi. Man. Orient. Cicad. p. 19, tab. i, f. 7, a, b (1889).
Platypleura phaL-enoides, Walk. List Horn, i, p. 4 (1850) ; Atkins.
J. A. S. Bemj. liii, p. 211 (1885).
Platypleura interna, Walk. List Horn, iv, p. 1119 (1852).
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum greeuish-ochraceous ; head
with a spot on each side of base of front, a transverse fascia
between eyes, and some spots on disk of vertex black ; pronotum
with a central longitudinal fascia (widened posteriorly), incisures,
and anterior borders of dilated lateral margins black ; mesonotum
with four obconical spots (the two central shortest), a central
lanceolate spot, and two spots in frout of cruciform elevation
black ; abdomen above and beneath blackish, ochraceously pilose.
72
CICADID.i;.
I
posterior segmental margins ochraceous ; head and sternum beneath
thickly yellowishly pilose, longitudinal sulcation and some trans-
verse striatioiis to face black ; legs pale castaneous, femora with
dark spots ; opercula black, their outer margins narrowly ochra-
ceous ; tegmina with basal half opaque, greenish-ochraceous ; two
spots or; costal membrane, two in radial area and one beneath its
Fig. 36. — Fycna rcpanda.
apex, and a large irregular fascia crossing beyond radial area —
enclosing some semihyaline spots — fuscous-brown ; apical half
hyaline, venation greenish-ochraceous, a large subapical fasciate
spot and a double series of small spots near apices of longitudinal
veins to apical areas fuscous ; wings ochraceous, apical area and
apex of anal area dark castaneous, outer margins pale hyaline.
Length excl. tegm. 21 to 23 ; exp. tegm. 68 to 78 ; breadth
between pronotal angles 12 to Vik millim.
Hah. Kashmir Valley {Leech). North Bengal (Camphell).
Darjiliug [Ltd. J\Ius.). Assam ; Margherita and Xaga Hills
{Dolieriy). Khasi Hills (Chennell). Sikhim (Coll. Dist.). Sylhet
(StainsfortJi). Seebsagar (Lid. Has.). Burma; Kakhien Hills
{Fea). '
Genus ANGAMIANA.
Angamiana, Dist. A. M. N. H.
Orient, dead. p. 100 (1892).
(6) V, p. 284 (1890) ; id. Mon.
Type, A. ce.tJierea, Dist.
Distrihution. Oriental Eegion and Southern China.
Head small, including eyes much narrower than prouotum and
narrower than base of mesonotum, ocelli much wider apart from
eyes than from each other, front much depressed ; pronotum
longer than mesonotum, its lateral and posterior margins very
broad, the first strongly ampliated and obscurely angulated :
abdomen longer than space between apex of head and base of
cruciform elevation, above with its lateral areas oblique ; tympanal
orifices completely covered ; opercula broad, obtusely angulated,
not reaching the middle of abdomen ; tegmina semihyaline, with
the apical third more or less reticulately veined, the apical areas
numerous, generally t\\elve or thirteen in number.
POLTNETTBA,
73
1554. Angamiana setherea, Dist. A. M. N. H. (6) v, p. 235 (1890) ;
id. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 100, tab. xiii, f. 1, «, h (1892).
Bod}- black ; abdomen greyishly tomentose ; exes castaneous ;
margins of pronotuni and an abbreviated central line to same,
posterior margin oE metaiiotum, head beneath (excluding face),
sternum, and opercula pale greenish-ochraceous ; legs and rostrum
black ; tegmiua semihyaline and of a pale shining bronzy hue, thy
venation darker and either ochraceous or greenish, the costal
membrane and area pale greenish, the extreme base and the
Fig 37. — Angamiana aiherca.
veins enclosing the postcostal area black, the veins enclosing the
two upper apical areas, terminal vein of lower ulnar area, and
outer margin dark brouzy ; wings pale bluish-green, becoming
bronzy towards apex, the outer margin dark brouzy ; rostrum
about reaching posterior coxae.
,; Length excl. tegm., S 46, $ 40 to 42 ; exp. tegm., d & $ , 124
to 132 millim.
Hah. Assam ; Naga Hills {Dolierty).
Genus POLYNEURA.
Pohneura, fVestio. Arcan. Entom. i, p. 92 (1842) ; Amy. Sf Serv.
Hem. p. 460 (1843) ; Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 23 (1889).
Type, P. daccdis, Westw.
Distribution. Oriental Region,
Head including eyes about as wide as base of mesonotum, but
narrower than prouotum, ocelli further apart from eyes thau
from each other, front obliquely depressed ; prouotum longer
than mesonotum, its lateral margins ampliated and medially
74
CICADID^,
shortly angulate ; abdomen longer than space between apex of
head and base of cruciform elevation ; tympanal orifices completely
covered ; opercula short and broad ; meso- and metasterna cen-
trally sulcata ; legmina opaque with the venation dense and
furcate, reticulate towards apex, all the areas numerous and
ill-defined.
1555, Polyneura ducalis, IVestw. Arcan. Entom. i, p. 92, t. xxiv, f. 2
(1842) ; A7ny. &f Serv. Hem. p. 460 (1843) ; Atkins. J. A. S.
Bern/, liii, p. 211 (1885) ; Dist. Mon. Orient, dead. p. 23, tab.
ii, f." 7, a, b (1889).
Body above and beneath black, beneath somewhat strongly
greyishly tomentose ; anterior lateral margins of vertex of head,
margins of pronotum, and sometimes two discal spots to mesonotum
ochraceous ; femora reddish, their bases and apices and the tibiae
Fig. 38. — Pohincura ducalis.
and tarsi black, in some specimens the coxae are also reddish ; teg-
mina opaque, brownish, the venation, costal membrane and area,
claval margin and a subcentral transverse line or narrow fascia
ochraceous, before this Hue the ground-colour is darker in hue :
wings ochraceous, in some specimens with paler irrorations ;
rostrum reaching the posterior coxae.
Length excl. tegm. 35 to 37 ; exp. tegm. 100 to 110 millim.
Hab. Nepal (Bardivicl-e) ; North-western Province, Eanikhet
(Ind. Mks.), Mussooree {Maclcinnon). Sikhim and Assam {Ind.
Mus.). Darjiling {Coll. Dist.). Burma; Kangoou (Coll. Dist.). —
Se-Tchouen {Paris 2Ius.). Chinese Tibet {Coll. Dist.).
Division T AC U ARIA.
Tacuaria, Dist. A. M. N. H. (7) xiv, p. 300 (1904).
Lateral margins of the pronotum convex, but not angularly
TOSENA.
75
produced, sometimes simply moderately convex or anteriorly sub-
ampliated and somewhat toothed ; tegmina and wings more or
less opaquel}' coloured ; in one species, Tosena sj^lendida, Dist.,
the tegmina with hyaline spaces.
This division takes its name from the genus Tama, Amy. &
Serv., represented b_y a single very large and representative species
at present known only from the Malayan Kegion. The Tacuaria
comprise only three genera — the one already mentioned, Tosena
found in our region, and Qraptopsaltria apparently confined to
China and Japan.
Genus TOSENA.
Tosena, Atmj. 8^- Serv. Hem. p. 462 (1843) : Stal, Hem. Afi: iv, p. 3
(1866) ; Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. pp. 4 & 25 (1889).
Type, T. fasciata, Fabr., a Malayan species.
Distribution. Ox'iental and Malayan Eegions.
Head (including eyes) equal in width to base of mesoiiotmn,
about as long as pi'ouotum, front prominent but obliquely depressed,
ocelli twice "the distance from eyes as from each other ; prouotum
Fiar. 39. — Tosena mearesiana.
as long as mesonotum, lateral margins more or less ampliated and
more or less distinctly toothed ; abdomen in male long, very much
longer than space between apex of head and base of cruciform
elevation, somewhat convex above, tympanal orifices covered ;
metasternum elevated ; opercula in male short and broad ; anterior
femora strongly spined beneath ; tegmina and wings opaque, the
first with eight apical areas.
76 CICADID.li.
A. Tefjmina and tvings o/)ctque.
a. Tcgmlna tinifonnh/ blacl- ; wings reddisli-ocliraceous.
1556. Tosena mearesiana, Westic. (Cicada) Arc. Ent. i, p. 9S, t. xxv,
f. 1 (1842); Amy. Sf Serv. (Tosena) Hem. p. 463 (1843);
Atkins. J. A. S. Bemj. liii, p. 217 (1885) ; Bist. Mon. Orient,
dead. p. 26, t. ii, f. 3, a, b (1889).
Body and legs black or dark fuscous ; ocelli and ejes pale cas-
taueous ; posterior margins of pi'onoturn and mesonotmn, posterior
lateral margins of metanotum, usually a small spot ou each side of
face, and a large spot on posterior lateral margins of presternum
ochraceous ; tegmiua black, opaque ; wings reddisli-ochraceous,
the venation, posterior margins, and anal areas fuscous ; rostrum
extending to between the inner margins of the opercula in male,
A\"hich are broad and widely separated.
Length excl. tegm., S ^''^ to 5S, $ 40 to 43 ; exp. tegm., S 132
to 142, 2 130 to 133 millim.
Hah. tSikhim {Ind. Mus. cj- Coll. Bist.).
Westwood only gave the habitat " Himalaya "' in his original
description.
aa. Tegmina more or less blacl-, crossed hij a tvhite fascia.
b. Wings hlaclc.
1557. Tosena melanoptera, White (Cicada (T.)), A. M. N. H. xvii,
p. 331 (1846) ; Atkins. (Tosena) J. A. S. Benrj. liii, p. 217
(^1885) ; Bist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 27, t. ii, f. 5, a, b (1889).
Var. albata, Bist. (Tosena) Tr. E. S. 1878, p. 175; id, 3Ion.
Orient. Cicad. p. 27, t. ii, f. 4, a, b (1889).
Head, pronotum, mesouotum, sternum, legs, and opercula
black ; posterior margins of pronotum and mesonotum, posterior
lateral margins of metanotum, abdomen above and. beneath, including
tympanal coverings, ochraceous ; base of abdomen above, a spot
OJi second segment, and base and a double segmental series of
spots to abdomen beneath, black; tegmina and wings black, opaque,
the first crossed by a broad transverse white fascia.
Var. a. Apices of femora ochraceous ; margins of tympanal
coverings black.
Var. b. Tympanal coverings wholly black.
Var. c. albata, Dist. Tegmina and ^^ings with greyish ray-like
longitudinal fasciae.
Length excl. tegm., d 58 to 62, $ 43 ; exp. tegm., S 140 to
155, 5 130 millim.
Hab. N.W. Himalaya (C'o?Z.2)isg. Slkhim {Ind. 21 as.). Dar-
jiling (StockJi. J]Ius.). Assam; JS". Khasi Hills (ChenneU). Syl-
het {Brit. Mus.). Seehsagav {Ind. Mus.). Burma; Bhamo (Fm).
TOSENA. 77
1558. Tosena montivaga, Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicml. p. 28, t. xiii,
f. 6, a, b (1889).
c? . Body and legs black ; head with the ej^es and the lateral
margins and anterior angles to vertex, and two small spots on
anterior margin of prouotum, ochraceous ; lateral and posterior
margins of pronotuni, lateral margins and a large basal patch to
mesouotum pale greenish or greenish-ochraceous, the basal patch
with two small black spots ; apical area of abdomen greyish-tomen-
tose ; face, a spot connecting face with ej^es, lateral margins of
prosternum, apices of femora and coxal spots ochraceous ; tegmina
Ijlack, venation and costal membrane and area pale greenish, an
oblique white fascia almost completely crossing beyond radial area;
wings black ; rostrum reaching base of abdomen.
5 . Differing from the male in having the transverse fascia to
tegmina broader, and the abdomen uniformly black, not greyish at
apex.
Length excl. tegm., S 51, $ 41 ; exp. tegm., ^ 130, $ 128
millim.
Bah. Assam : Naga Hills {Doherty).
bb. Wings red, with apex black.
1559. Tosena dives, Westiv. (Cicada) Arc. Ent. i, p. 98, t. xxv, f. 2
(1842) ; Amij. S^- Serv. (Tosena) Hem. p. 464 (1843) ; Atkins.
(Gfeana) J. A. 6'. JSeiu/. liii, p. 221 (1885) ; Dist. (Tosena)
Mon. Orie7it. Cicad. p. 29, t. iii, f. 10, a, b (1889).
Hueclivs transversa. Walk. Li^t Horn., Siqijyl. p. 40 (1858);
Atkins. J. A. 8. Bewj. liii, p. 219 (1885).
Body and legs black ; apex of face castaneous ; tegmina black,^
the venation, costal membrane, and a transverse fascia crossing at
apex of radial area and terminating on posterior margin at lower
apical area, reddish-ochraceous ; wings pale sanguineous with
about apical third black ; face very globose ; rostrum extending
to between inner angles of opercula.
Length excl. tegm., J , 24 to 25 ; exp. tegm. 66 to 73 millim.
Hah. Sikhim {hid. Mas. ^ Coll. Dist.). Darjiling (StocJcJi^
Mus.). 8ylhet (Siainforth).
A species apparently with a very limited distribution.
B. Tegmina and icings semi-opaque.
1560. Tosena splendida, Bid. Ent. Month. Mag. xv, p. 76 (1878) ;
Waterh. Aid to Ident. Ins. t. cxlvii, f. i (1884) ; Atkins. J. A. S.
Beng. liii, p. 217 (1885) ; Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 30, t. ii,
f. 6, a, b (1889).
Body above black ; front of head with a reddish spot at each
basal angle ; eyes, two small spots on vertex, four large spots to
pronotum (two' on disk and one at each posterior angle), and two-
78 cicadidjE.
spots on disk of mesonotum pale ochraceous ; bod_y beneath and
legs black ; lateral margins of face, a wide central annulation to
femora, and a central discal series of subtriangular spots san-
guineous ; tegmina and wings (where not obscured by dark
markings) hyaline, exhibiting varied opaline lustre, which in some
lights is found to be ornamented with close and regular series of
transverse darker striae ; tegmina narrowly at base and with the
costal membrane shining black, venation bright flavescent, and for
two-thirds from base broadly margined with shining black, a series
of shining black marginal spots on apices of longitudinal veins to
apical areas, claval area pale greenish ; wings pale greenish, apical
third shining black, enclosing a submargiual series of pale opaline
spots.
Length excl. tegm., d 45 to 47, $ 44 ; exp. tegm. d" & $ 122
to 127 millim.
Hah. Assam; ]Naga and Khtisi Hills (Cheiinell). Lushai country
{Ind. 2his.). Burma; Akyab (Co/?. Bist.) ; Arakau Yoma.
Division CICADARIA.
Cicadaria, Blst. A. M. N. H. (7) xiv, pp. 329 & 425 (1904).
Lateral margins of the pronotum more or less convex but not
toothed ; tegmina and wings hyaline or clear as in many species
of the genus Cicada, or semi-opaque, as represented in the genus
Cri/ptoti/mpana ; head broad, and (including eyes) always a little,
and generally considei'ably, wider than the base of mesonotum.
Synopsis of Genera.
A. Metasternum not or very slightly elevated, and
not provided with a posterior process ; length
of head more than half the breadth of space
between eyes ; face usually very prominent ;
lateral margins of pronotum without an anterior
lobe KiHANA, p. 78.
B. Metasternum elevated at middle and furnished [p. 80.
with a posterior process directed backward . . Cryptotympana,
Genus RIHANA.
Eihaua, Dist. A. M. N. H. (7) xiv, p. 42G (1904).
Cicada, subgen. Chremistica, Stal (part.), OLfv. Vet.-AJc. Forh. 1870,
p. 714, note.
Cicada, subgen. Cicada, Stal (part.), torn. cit.
Cicada, subgen. Diceroprocta, Stal (part.), torn. cit.
Type, R. ochmcea, "Walk,, known at present from China and
Formosa.
Distribution. Nearctic, Neotropical (including Antillean), and
Oriental (including Malayan) Eegions ; also found in Madagascar.
EIHANA. 79
Head distinctly longer than half the breadth between eyes, and
(including eyes) wider than base o£ mesonotnm ; front more or less
prominent, its lateral margins in line with lateral margins of
vertex ; eyes oblique, longer than broad ; pronotum a little nar-
rowed behind eyes, about or almost as long as mesonotum in front
of cruciform elevation ; abdomen not, or scarcely, longer than
length between apex of face and base of cruciform elevation ;
other characters generally as in Cicada.
1561. Rihana mixta, Kh-by (Dundubia), /. Linn. Soc, Zool. xxiv,
p. 128 (1891).
Body above black ; head with basal and apical spots and lateral
fasciate lines ochraceous, vei'tex with an ochraceous spot on each
side of ocelli and its lateral margins ochraceous ; pronotum with
Fig. 40. — EiJiaua inixta.
a central fascia and the margins ochraceous or greenish-ochraceous;
mesonotum with two central obeonical spots only denoted by their
ochraceous margins, the lateral margins (often connected with the
apices of the obeonical spots) ochraceous ; abdomen with a large
white pubescent spot behind base of tympanal coverings ; head,
sternum, and legs ochraceous ; abdomen beneath reddish-ochraceous ;
transverse strife to face, spot between face and eyes, anterior legs
with the base of coxae, under surface of femora, tarsi, and most of
the tibiae black, intermediate and posterior legs much less marked
with black ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the venation, except near
base, fuscous ; tegmina with extreme base, basal cell, costal mem-
brane and area ochraceous.
Length excl. tegm. 30 ; exp. tegm. 97 millim.
Hah. Ceylon {Green).
This species is very closely allied to the Malayan E. viridis,
Fabr., of which I have hitherto treated it as a synonym. It is a
larger insect, judging from the type in the British Museum,
80 CICAUlDvE.
and should it prove (when more material is available for study)
to be scarcely a distinct species, it is at all events a distinct local
race.
1562. Rihana germana, Dist. (Cicada) Anii. Mns. Civ. Gen. xxvi,
p. 457, t. iv, f. 3, a, b (1888) ; id. Mon. Orient. Cicacl. p. 97
(1892).
Body above dull reddish-ochraceous or greenish-ochraceous ;
head with a broad anterior niargin to front, inner margins of eyes
and a fascia between them, black ; pronotum with two central
fasciate lines anteriorly diverging towards eyes, anterior margin
and inner edge of posterior margin, black ; mesonotum with four
obconical spots (the outermost longest and inwardly ochraceous)
and a central lanceolate fascia black ; abdomen with the segmental
margins black, the lateral areas and anal segment distinctly ochra-
ceously pilose ; body beneath and legs pale reddish-ochraceous ;
sternum and lateral abdominal areas ochraceously pilose ; apex of
rostrum black and just passing the intermediate coxa3 ; tegmina
and wings hyaline, the venation olivaceous ; tegmina with the
costal membrane green, postcostal area black ; opercula rounded
posteriorly, not overlapping inwardly and not reaching base o£
abdomen.
Length excl. tegm., d , 30 ; exp. tegm. 85 millim.
Hah. Burma ; Teinzo (Feci) — Penang Hills {Flower). Siam
Malay States ; Biilsit Besar (Annandcde).
Genus CRYPTOTYMPANA.
Crvptotympana, Stdl, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (18Gl)p. 613; id. Hem.
Afr. IV, p. 6 (1866) ; Dist. Man. Orient, dead. p. So (1891).
Type, G. pustulata, Fabr., a Malayan species also found in China
and Japan.
Distribution. Oriental Eegion, Malayan Archipelago (probably
not extending eastwai'd beyond the Philippines), and the extreme
eastern portion of the Palsearctic Region.
Head broad, more or less transversely truncate between the
eyes, including which it is a little broader than the base of meso-
notum, its length only slightly more than half the breadth between
eyes, ocelli about twice the distance from eyes as from each
other, front slightly prominent ; pronotum about as long as meso-
notum, its lateral margins oblique, the posterior angles a little
ampliate; abdomen in male about as long as space between apex
of head and base of cruciform elevation, the tympanal orifices
concealed by the tympanal coverings ; opercula in male well
developed, varying in shape and size ; metasternum elevated at
middle and furnished with a posterior process directed backward ;
anterior femora strongly spined beneath ; tegmina hyaline or semi-
opaque, basal cell longer than broad ; apical areas eight.
CllTPTOTYMPANA.
81
A. Tegmina with transverse veins at bases of second and third
apical areas not infuscated.
a. Tegmina ivith hlaclc basal coloration extending beyond basal cell.
b. Opercula in male about half as long as abdomen, their outer
margins inivardly oblique, their apical margins concavely
oblique to apices, ivhich are obtusely angulate.
1503. Cryptotympana COrvus, Walk. (Fidicina) List Horn, i, p. 80
(1850) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. liii, p. 231 (188-5) ; StSI (Crypto-
tympana), Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1802, p. 483; Dist. Mon. Orient.
Cicad. p. 8?; t. X, f. 11, a, b (1891).
Fidicina invarians, Walk. his. Suund., Hoin. p. 11 (1858).
Body above black ; lateral margins of pronotum ochraceously
pilose : mesonotum Avith the outlines of two central obconical
spots ; head beneath, sternum, legs, and rostrum blackly, thickly
greyishly pilose ; a spot at basal margin of face, femora and pos-
terior tibiae (excluding bases and apices), and opercula (excluding
Fig. 41. — Cryptotympana corvus.
basal areas) reddish-ochraceous ; abdomen beneath thickly darkly
ochraceously pilose, with a broad central black fascia ; tegmina
and wings hyaline, the venation ochraceous and fuscous ; tegmina
with the costal membrane ochraceous, its edge black, postcostal
area black, basal cell and less than basal fourth (excluding vena-
tion) black ; wings with less than basal third black.
Length excl. tegm., J , 45 to 47 ; exp. tegm. 117 to 130 millim.
Hab. Sikhim (Coll. Dist.). Darjiling (Stockh. Mus.). Sylhet
{Brit. Mus.). Assam {Ind. Mus.) ; Naga Hills {Doherty). Nilgiri
Hills {Hampson).
82 CICADID.I.
aa. Tegmina ivitli blach hasal coloration not extending
beyond hasal cell.
e. Oj)ercida in male reaching ijenidtimate ahdominal segment,
inner marc/ins straiglit, not overlapping, apical margins
strongly concavely sinuate, their apices curved imvards.
1564. Cryptotympana edwardsi, Kirk. J. Bomb. N. H. Soc. xiv, p. 55
(1902).
■ Allied to C. corvns, but differing principally by the size and
shape of the opercula in male, ^vhich reach the penultimate abdo-
minal segments ; the abdomen beneath is uniformly ochraceous,
black at base and apex, but Avithout the central black longitudinal
fascia ; mesonotum with four dark distinct obconical spots and a
similar central lanceolate spot ; front \\\i\\ a central longitudinal
line, pronotum with a similar line on its anterior area and
its posterior margins ochraceous ; tegmina with the black basal
area not extending beyond basal cell, and M'iugs narrowly black
at base.
Length excl. tegm. 46| ;- exp. tegm. 115 millim.
Hah. " India " {Coll. Edwards).
CO. Ojiercida in male about half as long as ahdomen, their Older
margins rejlexed, very slightly oblique, their apical margins
straightly not concavely oblique.
1565. Cryptotympana intermedia, Sie/n. (Cicada) Hev. May. Zool.
1849, p. 407, t. X, f. 2 ; Stal (Cryptotympaua), Ann. Soc. Ent.
Fr. 1861, p. 613; Atkins. J. A. S. Beny. liii, p. 231 (1885);
Dist. Man. Orient. Cicad. p. 88, t. xi, f. 1, a, b (1891) ; Melich.
Horn. Faim. Ceylon, p. 6 (1903).
Fidicina immaciilata, Walk. {7iec Oliv.) List Horn, i, p. 90 (1850).
Body above blaclv or dark castaneous ; mesonotum with two
obscure central obcouical spots and the basal cruciform elevation
castaneous ; tympanal coverings dark castaneous ; body beneath
black, somewhat thickly greyishlv pilose (excepting the central
disk of abdomen) ; femoral and tibial streaks, posterior tibiae
(excluding bases and apices), and the opercula ochraceous ; teg-
mina and wings hyaline, the venation ochraceous ; tegmina with
the costal membrane and postcostal area ochraceous, extreme basal
costal edge black, basal cell and basal patch (excluding venation)
brownish-ochraceous or black ; wings with about basal fifth
brownish-ochraceous.
Length excl. tegm., c?, 44 ; exp. tegm. 127 millim.
Hah. North Bengal (Brit. Mus.). Mussooree {Macl'innon).
Ceylon, Matale {Green); Dambula, Mikintale, Nalanda {fide
Melichcir). — Java ( iide Signorct).
CEYPTOTYMPANA. 83
B. Tegmina ivith transverse veins at bases of second and third
ajiical areas infuscatexl.
b. Teymina ^vith hlacl- basal coloration extending to about end of
basal cell.
d. Opercida in male more than hcdf the length of abdomen, outer
margins slighthj concavely sinuate, inner margins overlapping,
apical margins concavelg and obliquely sinuate to apices,
ivhich are sidxicutcly angidate.
1566. Cryptotympana acuta, Sign. (Cicada) Rev. Mag. Zool. 1849,
p. 409, t. X, f. 3, a ; Stdl (Cryptotympana), Ann. Sac. Ent.
1801, i, p. 613 5 liist- Mon. Orient. Cimd. p. 88, t. xi, f. 8, a, b
(1891).
Cicada vicina, Sign. Rev. 3Lag. Zool. 1849, p. 410, t. x, f. 4 ; Stal
(Oiyptotvmpana). Ann. Soc. Ent. 1861, i, p. 613 ; Atkins.
J. A. S. Beng. liii. p. 2.30 (1885).
P'idicina nivifera, Walk. List Horn, i, p. 80 (1850) ; id. torn. cit.
h-, t. i, f. 2 (1852).
Fidicina bicolor, JValk. torn. cit. iv, p. 1121 (1852).
Fidicina timorica, Walk. J. Linn. Sue, Zool. x, p. 91 (1867).
Body above dark castaneous or black ; eyes and ocelli ochraceous ;
mesonotum with two central obscure obccnical spots, followed on
each side by a longer fascia and with a curved fascia in front of
' the cruciform elevation ; abdomen with a large greyish-white
fascia on each lateral area occupying three segments behind the
tympanal coverings ; body beneath dark castaneous, sternum
thickly greyishly pilose ; opercula ochraceous ; apical abdominal
segment and anal appendage ochraceous ; tegmina and wings
hyaline, venation ochraceous and fuscous ; tegmina with costal
membrane ochraceous, the postcostal area black, base as far as
extremity of basal cell (excluding venation) irregularly black ;
transverse veins at bases of second and third apical areas inf us-
cated ; wings with less than basal third (excluding venation)
black.
Length excl. tegm. 36 to 43 ; exp, tegm. 102 to 130 millim.
Hab. Bhnta,n Dua.YS (Jicle Atkinson). — Java. Borneo. Lombok.
Philippines. Timor.
dd. Opercula in male about half the length of abdomen, outer
margins concavely sinuate, inner margins overlapping, and
thence concavely and obliquely divergent to apices ivhicli are
subacute.
1567. Cryptotympana recta, Walk. (Fidicina) List Horn, i, p. 79
(1850) ; Stdl (Crvptotympaua), Of v. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1862, p. 483 ;
g2
84 cicADiD.i:.
Atkins. J. A S. Beng. liii, p. 230 (1885) ; Bist. Mon. Orient,
dead. p. 89, t. X, f. 10, a, h (1891).
Body above black, sparingly ochraceously pilose ; eyes castaneous ;
mesonotum with two very obscure central obconical spots ; body
beneath black, sternum and lateral areas of abdomen thickly
greyishly pilose ; opercula ochraceous ; legs black, intermediate
tibiae and posterior femora and tibite castaneous, streaked with
black; tegmina and wings hyaline, venation ochraceous or fuscous ;
tegmiua with the costal membrane ochraceous, its extreme basal
costal edge black, postcostal area black, transverse veins at bases of
second and third apical areas darkly inf uscate, basal area to slightly
beyond basal cell (excluding venation) black ; wings with less than
basal third black.
Length excl. tegm., c? , 41 ; exp. tegm. 110 millira.
Hah. Sylhet (Brit. 31us.). Assam; North Khasi iiiWs {CJieimell).
Nilgiri Hills {Hampson).
ddd. Opercula in male short and suhovate, inner margins not over-
lapping, apical margins oblique to apices wJiich do not extend
beyond basal abdominal segment, outer margins slightly
oblique.
1568. Cryptotympana limborgi, Bist. A. M. N. H. (6) i, p. 296
(1888) ; id. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 91, t. x, f. 7, a, b (1891).
Cryptotympana recta, Bist. {nee Walk.) J. A. S, Beny. xlviii,
p. 40,'t.ii,f. 4(1879).
Body above olivaceous-brown, sometimes blackish-olivaceous ;
liead with the lateral striations to front and a transverse fascia
between the eyes black ; pronotum with two central, oblique,
black fasciae, its posterior and lateral margins olivaceous, the
anterior margin narrowly black ; mesonotum with four anterior
central obconical spots (the two central spots largest), and a small
oblique fasciate line on each side near base, black ; abdominal
segmental margins and inner area of tympanal coverings black ;
abdominal lateral areas greyishly pilose ; body beneath olivaceous-
brown ; anterior tibiae and tarsi, apices of intermediate and pos-
terior tibiae and the tarsi black : opercula in male olivaceous with
their inner margins broadly black ; lateral areas of abdomen
beneath ochraceously pilose ; tegmina and wings hyaline, venation
ochraceous or fuscous ; tegmina with costal membrane olivaceous,
the postcostal area black, basal area to about end of basal cell
(excluding venation) piceous or black, transverse veins at bases of
second and third apical areas infuscate; wings (excluding venation)
narrowly piceous or black at base.
Length excl. tegm., (5 , 32 ; exp. tegm. 95 milJim.
Uab. Tenasserim (Limborg) ; Myitta (DoJierty).
CRTPTOTYMPAHA. 85
bb. Tegmina ivitJi only extreme base black or jnceous.
e. Ojiercida in male slightly overlaj^ping at inner margins, obtusely
and broadly angulated at apices which do not extend beyond
basal abdominal segment.
1569. Cryptotympana insularis, Dist. A. M. N. H. (5) xx, p. 416
(18S7) ; id. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 91, t. xi, f. 2, a, b (1891).
S. Body short and broad; head, pronotum, and mesouotum
dark oHvaceous, eyes and ocelli ochraceous, front with lateral black
caringe ; pronotum with a pale central longitudinal impression, the
incisures somewhat dark ; mesonotum with four anterior obconical
spots, of which the two central ave largest, and a transverse spot
in front of cruciform elevation dull dark castaneous ; abdomen
above dark brownish-olivaceous, the segments palely pilose : body
beneath olivaceous ; face with a central, longitudinal, levigate,
ocliraceous fascia ; rostrum piceous and almost reaching the pos-
terior coxae ; abdomen beneath brownish-ochraceous ; legs with
anterior femora dark ochraceous, their apices and the anterior
tibiae and tarsi piceous ; intermediate and posterior femora brownish,
trochanters piceous, tibiae ochraceous with their apices and the
tarsi piceous, posterior tarsi with a central ochraceous annulation ;
tegmina and wiugs hyaline, with a slight fuscous tiage, both
narrowly dark fuscous at base ; tegmina with the venation and
costal membrane olivaceous, transverse veins at bases of second
and third apical areas distinctly infuscate.
Length excl. tegm., S , 3(5 ; exp. tegm. 115 millim.
Hab. Andaman Islands ; Port Blair (Meldola).
C. Tegmina witJi only the extreme base piceous or black, the
transverse veins at bases of second and third apical areas
infuscate.
ee. Opercida in male not extending beyond basal abdominal
segment, their apices someiuhat truncately rounded, their inner
margins meeting but not overlapping.
1570. Cryptotympana vesta, Dist. (Cicada) Tr. E. S. 1904, p. 673,
pi. XXX, f. 4, a, b.
Head black, a central line to face and anterior narrow margin
to vertex ochraceous ; pronotum castaneous, its posterior margin
and a central longitudinal fascia margined with black, ochraceous ;
mesonotum black, two central, discal angulated fasciae with a spot
between them, and the basal cruciform elevation, ochi'aceous ;,
abdomen above black ; body beneath and legs pale ochraceous,
greyishly pilose ; opercula and anal segment bright ochraceous ;
86 CICADIDJE.
apices of tibife and tarsi piceous ; tegmina and wings pale hyaline,
the venation ochraceous towards base and fuscous towards apex ;
tegmina with the costal membrane ochraceous to apex of radial
area and tlience piceous, the basal cell and narrow bases of both
tegmina and wings piceous ; opercula about half the length of
abdomen, their lateral margins somewhat strongly oblique; rostrum
about reaching the posterior coxae.
Length exel. tegm., cJ 58, § 22; exp. tegm., S 8*^, 2
70 millim.
Hah. Bombay (2i. 3J. Divon).
This species greatly resembles the genus Cicada, and I was so
misled by the general similarity that I originally described it in
that genus, not having searched for the metasternal process.
eee. Siw.cies at present only Icnoiun to ivriter bj/ female specimens :
description of opercula therefore imp>ossible.
1571. Cryptotynipana exalbida, Dist. Mon. Orient, dead. p. 92,
t. xiii, f. 12, a, b (1891).
5 . Head, pronotum, and mesonotum castaneous, abdomen
black ; head \\\i[\ lateral striations to front and the vertex black,
eyes ochraceous ; pronotum with two central fasciate spots
anteriorly widened, a transverse linear mark at front of anterior
margin, hinder edge of posterior margin and a short transverse
central fascia to same black, anterior halves of lateral margins
cretaceously tomentose ; mesonotum with four central obconical
spots (of which the central two are shortest), abroad lateral fascia,
a central lanceolate spot, and two small spots in front of cruci-
form elevation black ; abdomen sparingly griseously pilose ; body
beneath black; sternum and lateral areas of abdomen thickly
griseously pilose ; face castaneous, its transverse striations and
longitudinal sulcation and space between face and eyes black ;
coxal spots black ; legs castaneous, anterior and intermediate
tibiae and tarsi black, intermediate tibife with a subbasal castaneous
annulation, apices of posterior tibiae and bases of posterior tarsi
black ; anal appendage with an ochraceous spot on each side ;
tegmina and wings hyaline, venation ochraceous and fuscous ;
tegmina with costal membrane ochraceous, postcostal area black,
basal cell ochraceous, its upper half black, extreme basal area and
a broad claval streak black ; wings narrowly black at base.
Length excL tegm., $,32; exp. tegm. 95 millim.
Hab. Sikhim {Coll. Dist.). Ni?giri Hills {Hampso7i).
1 have not seen the male of this species.
D, Tegmina to about end of basal cell only moderately infnscate.
>72. Cryptotympana varicolor, Dist. A. M. N. H. (7) xiv, p. 430
(1904).
$ . Body browuish-ochraceous : pronotum with two inwardly
DUNDUBIARIA. 87
curved obconical black spots and two more obsolete black oblique
spots on each lateral area between the incisures, but not extending
to the posterior margin ; mesouotum with a large pale greenish
discal spot, its base truncate and resting on the cruciform eleva-
tion, anteriorly divided into three angular prolongations which
about reach the anterior margin ; lateral areas of the sternum
somewhat pale greenish. Tegmiua and wings hyaline, bases of
both brownish oehrac?ous ; the tegmina with the costal membrane
and area, the basal cell, the greater part of the venation, and the
margins of the transverse veins at bases of second and third apical
areas brownish ochraceous.
Lengtli of head about half the width between eyes, and
including eyes considerably broader than base of mesonotum ;
rostrum passing the intermediate coxas ; body beneath finely
pilose ; anterior femora armed with two long spines beneath.
Length excl. tegm., $ , 31 ; exp. tegm. 102 millim.
Hah. Ceylon {Green). — Sumbawa Island (Paris Mtis.).
Division DUNDUBIARIA.
Dundubiaria, Dist. A. M. N. H. (7) xv, p. 58 (1905).
Lateral margins of the pronotum distinctly angulated or
toothed ; tegmina and wings hyaline, sometimes spotted, but
never opaque ; opercula in male varying very much in length and
shape, and in some genera reaching tlie maximum of development.
This division is a very homogeneous one, but, at the same time,
one of the most difficult to analyze genei"ically. It is composed
almost entirely of Oriental, Malayan, and Australasian species,
though a few are derived from the extreme east of the Palsearctic
Kegion, which, as is well known, possesses strong Oriental affinities.
Synopsis of Genera.
I. Second and third ventral segments in male with
distinct lateral tubercles ; opercula short.
A. Head (including eyes) considerably narrower [p. 89.
than base of mesonotum LT'.rTOPSALTiiiA,
B. Head (including eyes) as wide as base of meso-
notum ; head as long as space betAveeu eyes. Pukana, p. 91.
II. Ventral segments without tubercles ; opercula
short, or sometimes very long, and very variable
in shape.
C. Front of head large and convex, about twice
as broad at its base as the length of the
anterior margins of the lobes of vertex ;
rostrum scarcely reaching the posterior coxse. Dundubia, p. 94.
D. Front of head not twice as broad at base as
length of anterior margins of the lobes of
vertex ; rostrum reaching, sometimes passing,
the posterior coxae.
88 cicadid.t;.
a. Opercula long-, at least reaching centre, and
sometimes apex of abdomen.
b. Abdomen short, about as long as space
between apex of head and base of cruci-
form elevation.
a. Head as long as breadth between eyes.
«'. Opercula iu male broad, either just
or longly passing middle of ab-
domen, well separated and not
overlapping, more or less concavely
situate on each side at basal area,
their apices rounded or obliquely [p. 96.
truncate Cosmopsaltria,
aa. Head much shorter than breadtli
between eyes.
«-, Opercula in male broad, their inner
margins contiguous, nearlj' equally
broad throughout, their apices
broad, the outer margins very obso-
letely sinuate Haphsa, p. 99.
bb. Abdomen considerably longer than space
between apex of head and base of cruci-
form elevation.
h. Head about as long as breadth between
eyes.
c. Pronotum measured centrally almost
as long as mesonotum excluding
cruciform elevation, its lateral mar-
gins alwaj'S distinctly, strongly, and
generally acutely toothed.
(i^. Opercula elongate, concavely sin-
uate on each side near base, their
apices rounded or obtusely acute,
occupyinglateral abdominal areas,
and always well separated at [p. 100.
their inner margins Platylomia,
li. Head distinctly shorter than breadth
between eyes.
cc. Pronotum measured centrally dis-
tinctly shorter thau mesonotum, its
lateral margins moderately dentate,
a'. Opercula obliquely divergent.
sometimes very short Meimuna, p. 107.
aa. Opercula always short and transverse.
d. Abdomen in male longer than space
between apex of head and base of cruci-
form elevation.
d. Tympanal coverings of normal shape
and size Pomponia, p. 111.
e. Abdomen in male short, about as long
as space between apex of head and base
of cruciform elevation.
cV . Tympanal coverings of normal shape
and size Aola, p. llo.
d-. Tj'mpanal coverings very globose and
projecting beyond the lateral margins
of the abdomen.
LEPTOPSALTBIA. 89
c. Lateral margins of tympanal coverings
convex; tegmina not more than [p. 117.
three times longer than broad .... Oxcotympana,
f. Lateral margins of tympanal coverings
sinuate, their posterior angles only
projecting beyond abdominal mar-
gins ; tegmina more than three
times longer than broad Mata, p. 119,
Genus LEPTOPSALTRIA.
Leptopsaltria (part.), Stal, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 5 (18(36) ; (part.) id. Berl.
ent. Zeit. x, p, 170 (1866) ; id. (part.) Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad.
p. 31 (1889).
Type, L. tuberosa, Sign.
Distribution. Oriental and extreme eastern portion of the
Palaearctic Eegion.
Head (including eyes), considerably narrower than base of meso-
notuni, ocelli not quite twice the distance from eyes as from each
other, front somewhat conical and subprominent ; pronotum with
the lateral margins moderately ampliated and more or less
distinctly toothed or angulated ; gense internally at apex near
base of lorse furnished with a tubercle or tumescence ; abdomen
moderately long and robust ; anterior femora distinctly and
robustly spined ; rostrum extending beyond the posterior coxoe ;
tympana covered ; opercula short ; second aud third abdominal
segments in the male furnished with a well-developed tubercle near
each lateral margin ; tegmina and wings hyaline ; venation
normal, tegminal apical areas eight in number.
a. Ojjercula in male small, wide apart, longitudinal, their
aj^ices broadly convex.
1573. Leptopsaltria tuberosa, Siyn. (Cicada) Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.
1847, p. 299; Stdl (Leptopsaltria), Bei-l. ent. Zeit. x, p. 170
(1866) ; Dist. Mon. Orietit. Cicad. p. 34, t. viii, f. 7, a, b (1889).
Body above brownish-ochraceous ; head with some lateral
curved fasciae to front, some oblique fasciae to vertex, area of
ocelli, and basal margin piceous or black ; pronotum with two
central longitudinal lines, the anterior margin, edge of lateral
margin, and a spot near each lateral area piceous ; mesonotum
with a narrow central longitudinal fascia, on each side of which is
a short curved fascia followed by a short triangular spot on
anterior margin, a broad oblique fascia on each lateral area uniting
with a large triangular spot in front of cruciform elevation, and a
fascia on each lateral margin uniting with the previous fascia at
base, piceous ; abdomen with the segmental margins piceous ;
body beneath and legs ochraceous, abdominal tubercles blackish ;
tegmina and wings hyaline, the venation brownish ; tegmina with
90
CICADID.E.
the costal membrane brownish, a small blackish spot at base of
upper ulnar area, transverse veins at bases of second, third, fifth,
Fig. 42. — Leptopscdtria tuherosa.
and seventh apical areas infuscated, and a subiiiargiual series of
small fuscous spots on longitudinal veins to apical areas.
Length excl. tegm., c? -7 to 32, $ 23 ; exp. tegiu., S 72 to
79, $ (one spec.) 84 millim.
Hab. Sikhim {Coll. Dist.). Assam ; Khasi Hills {lad. 2Ius.). —
Java {CoU. Dist.). Japan {Bruss. Mas.).
aa. OjKi'Cida in male small, moderately/ separated, sidAransverse,
their ajnces ohliquely subiruncate.
1574. Leptopsaltria samia, Walk. (Dundubia) List Ham. i, p. 77
(1850); Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. liii, p. 225 (1888); Dist.
(Leptop.saltria) Man. Orient. Cicad. p. 32, t. viii, f. 11, a, b
(1889).
Body above brownish-ochraceous, tinged with greenish ; allied
to L. taberosa, which it much resembles, but differing by the more
produced trout of head, the less sinuate lateral margins of the
pronotum, more apicall}' broadened abdomen, and different shape
of the opercula. Mesonotum with two short central anterior
curved lines, on each side of which is a small spot, followed by a
broken narrow fascia on each lateral area and two small spots in
front of basal cruciform elevation, black.
Length excl. tegm. 26 ; exp. tegm. 76 millim.
Hah. "North India" {Wanvick, Brit. Mus.). Sikhim {Coll.
Dist.).
aaa, Ojjercula in male wide apart, oblique, their apical
marghis obliquely subtruncate.
1575. Leptopsaltria andamanensis, Dist. A. M. N. H. (6) i, p. 370
(1888) ; id. Man. Oricmt. Cicad. p. 34, t. x, f. 12, «, b (1889).
Body above reddish-ochraceous ; ocelli shining reddish ; pro-
notum with the middle of the anterior margin and the whole of
PURANA. . 91
the posterior margiu (widest at centre) piceous ; mesouotuiu with
two blackish marginally marked obconical spots at anterior margin,
and a greenish fascia near each lateral rimrgin ; abdomen with
the segmental margins piceous ; body beneath ochraceous, the
abdominal tubercles blackish ; legs mutilated in specimen de-
scribed ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the venation fuscous ; tegmina
with the costal membrane brownish-oehraceous, a small costal
fuscous and ochraceous spot at base of upper ulnar area, the
transverse veins at the bases of second, third, and fifth apical
areas infuscated, and a series of small fuscous marginal spots near
the apices of the longitudinal veins to apical areas ; rostrum with
its apex piceous and just passing the posterior coxse.
Length excl. tegm., c5',2] ; exp. tegra. 58 millim.
Hab. Andaman Islands ( Wuod-JIason).
Genus PURANA.
Parana, Dist. A. M. N. H. (7) xv, p. GO (1905).
Type, P. tigrina. Walk.
Distrihitioii. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
Head (including eyes) as wide as base of mesonotum and as
long as space between eyes ; face prominent and convex, its base
almost at right angles fo the anterior lateral angles of vertex ;
pronotum narrowed anteriorly, its lateral margins angiilated or
toothed ; mesonotum much longer than pronotum ; abdomen
moderately conical above, gradually attenuated posteriorly, in male
considerably longer than the space between the apex of head and
base of cruciform elevation, tubercles on the second and third
ventral segments large and prominent ; opercula small; tympanal
coverings in male broader at base than long ; rostrum reaching or
a little passing posterior coxie ; tegmina and wings hyaline.
a. Opercula sinall, ivide apart, apices convcxly angiilated.
1576. Purana tigrina, Walk. (Dundubia) List Horn, i, p. 69(1850);
Atkins. J. A. 8. Beny. liii, ^. 224 (1885) ; Bid. (Leptopsaltria)
Mon. Orient, dead. p. 35, t. x, f. 6, a, b (1889).
Head and thorax above green ish-ochi'aceous ; abdomen brownish-
oehraceous ; head with the frontal margins, the area of the ocelli,
inner margins of eyes, and a spot on each lateral area of vertex
black ; pronotum with anterior margin, two central longitudinal
lines, and the outer incisures black ; mesonotum with a central
longitudinal fascia, followed on each side by a short curved fascia,
ti broken irregular fascia on each lateral area, and two small spots
in front of cruciform elevation black ; abdominal segmental
margins black : sternum, legs, and opercula greenish-ochraceous ;
abdomen beneath pale ochraceous, the tubercles, a spot near base,
92
CICADIDiE.
and the apex black ; a transverse spot between face and eyes,
a small spot at apex of face, and the apex of rostrum black;
tegmina and wings hyaline, venation brownish-ochraceous, fuscous
towards apical areas: tegmina with costal membrane brownish-
Fig. 43. — Ptcrana tigrina.
ochraceous, a small ochraceous spot near base of upper ulnar area ;
transverse veins at bases of second and third apical areas broadly
infuscated, and some small faint fuscous marginal spots near apex.
Length excl, tegm., 6 , 24 to 27; exp. tegm. 68 millim.
Hah. Malabar {Biit. Mus.). Trivandrum {Fer(jusso7i).— Tibet ;
Tsekou {Paris Mus.). Malay Peninsula ; Province Wellesley
{Distant).
aa. Opercnia small, wide apart, apices convexly rounded.
1577. Purana tigroides, Walk. (Duudubia) Ins. Sannd., Horn. p. 5
(1858) ; Dist. (Leptopsaltria) Mon. Orient, dead. p. 35, t. xii,
f. 18, «, 6(1889). *
Closely allied to the preceding species (P. tigrina), but struc-
turally differing by the shape of the opercula ; the species is also
smaller in size; the transverse vein at the base of the second
apical area is much less oblique, and the face is less transversely
striated with black.
Length excl. tegm. 22 ; exp. tegm. 60 miilim.
Hah. "Hindostau" {Brit. Mus.). — Borneo {Paris 3Ius.).
b. Opercxda ivide apart, and someivhat irregularly
rectangidar in shape.
1578. Purana morrisi, Dist. (Leptopsaltria) Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 101,
t. XV, f. 19, a, b (1892).
Body above ochraceous ; head with margins of front (excepting
apex), anterior angles of vertex, and reticulate markings covering
the whole of vertex black ; pronotum with two central longi-
PURANA. 93
tudiaal fasciae, widened anteriorly and augulated posteriorly, and
the incisures, piceous ; mesonotuin with a central longitudinal
fascia, on each side of which is a short oblique fascia, followed by
a large irregularly curved submarginal fascia, the anterior angles
of the cruciform elevation, and two small spots in front of same,
black ; abdomen with the segmental margins, the last segment and
anal appendage (both above and beneath), and an obscure marginal
series of spots on each side piceous or black ; body beneath and
legs very pale ochraceous ; an oblique fascia between face and
eyes, transverse fascite to face, under surface and spines to
anterior femora, sternal spots, a transverse central fascia at base
of abdomen, and abdominal tubercles black ; tegmina and wings
pale hyaline, the venation ochraceous and black ; tegmina with
costal membrane, and a spot at base of upper ulnar area, pale
ochraceous ; transverse veins at bases of second and third apical
areas infuscated, and a series of faint fuscous marginal spots at
apices of longitudinal veins to apical areas ; rostrum reaching
latitude of first pair of abdominal tubercles.
Length excl. tegm., c? , 10 ; exp. tegm. 55 millim.
Hah. Madras Province, Shivarai Hills {Morris).
c. Opercida broad, transverse, nearer tof/eiJier than in preceding
species, inner margins oblique, apices subtruncately rounded.
1579. Purana guttularis, Walk. (Cicada) List Horn. Sup2)l. p. 29
(1858) ; Stal (Leptopsaltria), Berl. mt. Zeif. x, p. 170 (1866) ;
Atki?is. J. A. S. Beng. Hii/p. 227 (1885); Bist. Man. Orient,
dead. p. 37, t. xii, f. 20, a, b (1889).
Body above dull ochraceous ; head with anterior curved strise
to front, marginal and transverse lines at anterior angles of vertex,
margins of ocelli, and an oblique spot at inner margins of each
eye black ; pronotum with the anterior margin, two central
longitudinal lines united posteriorly and outwardly emitting an
angulated line, and the incisures black, the posterior margin
distinctly pale ochraceous ; mesonotum with a central line, the
margins of two anterior obconical spots, faint traces of a broken
lateral fascia on each side, and two small spots in front of cruci-
form elevation black ; abdominal segmental margins piceous or
black ; body beneath concolorous, the abdominal tubercles black ;
striatious to face, excluding lateral and apical areas, piceous ;
tegmina and wings hyaline, venation ochraceous or fuscous ;
tegmina with costal membrane and a spot at base of upper ulnar
area pale ochraceous ; transverse veins at bases of second and
third and sometimes fifth apical areas, and small spots at the
apices of longitudinal veins to apical areas, fuscous.
Length excl. tegm., 6 & ? , 19 to 20 ; exp. tegm. 60 millim.
Hah. Burma {Brit. Mus.). — Nias Island {Modigliani). Borneo ;
Sarawak {CoU. Dist.). Philippines {Semper).
94 CICADID.E.
Genus DUNDUBIA.
Dimduhia, Amy. Si- Serv. Hem. p. 470 (1843); Stdl, Hem. Afr.iv,
p. 5 (1866) ; Bist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 38 (1889).
Type, B. mannifera, Linn.
Bistribufioii. Oriental and Malayan Eegions ; also found in
North Australia.
Body long and robust : head somewhat triangularly elongate,
about as long as pronotum, the front large and convex, about
twice as broad at its base as the length of the anterior margins of
the lobes of vertex, ocelli a little farther apart from eyes than
from each other; pi-onotum almost as long as mesonotura, the
lateral margins not prominently ampliated but distinctly toothed ;
abdomen a little longer than space between apex of head and base
of cruciform elevation ; tympana completely covered ; opercula in
male long and extending beyond middle of abdomen ; rostrum
scarcely reaching the posterior coxae ; anterior femora spined ;
tegmina and wings hyaline, the first with the venation normal,
the apical areas eight in number, and the basal cell twice as long-
as broad.
a. Opercula in male reaching penultimate abdominal segment,
concavely simiate on each side near base, and thence convexly
ampliated, especialhj on inner margins, apnces narroived and
obtvselij rounded.
1580. Dundubia mannifera, Linn. (Cicada) Mus. Ad. Fried, p. 84
(1754), excl. syn. ; Stal, Berl. ent. Zeit. x, p. 170 (1866) ;
Bist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 39, t. iv, f. 17, a, h, and var.
10, a, h (1889).
Tettigonia vaginata, Fabr. Mant. Ins. ii, p. 266 (1787).
Cicada viresceus, OHv. Enc. Meth. v, p. 747 (1790).
Dundubia immacula, Wall;. List Horn, i, p. 50 (1850).
Dundubia nigrimacida 4' sobiia, Walk. he. cit. p. 63.
Dundubia varians, Walk, {nee Germ.) TValk. lac. cit. p. 48.
Fidiciiia continis, Walk. J. Linn. Soc, Zool. x, p. 92 (1807).
Sfoll, C'iff. f. 35.
Vcir. teipsichore, Walk. (Cephaloxys) List Horn, i, p. 239 (1850) ;
Atkins. (Mogannia) J. A. S. Beng. hii, p. 2-33 (1885); Bist.
(Dundubia) Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 39, t. xii, f. l,a,b (1889).
Body green, pale ochraceous, or green and dark ochraceous ;
abdomen above with some small lateral black spots, which are
most distinct in the paler-coloured specimens ; tegmina and wings
pale hyaline, the venation and the costal membrane of tegmina
pale brownish or ochraceous ; rostrum just passing the inter-
mediate 00X36.
The var. terpsicliore, Walk., differs only from the typical foi'm
of the species by the somewhat shorter opercula, by a slio-]i
bronzy tinge to the apices of the tegmina in the male, and by the
DUNDUBIA.
95
obsolete central mesonotal spots being outwardly margined with
black.
Length excl. tegm., J 30 to 45, 5 27 to 35 ; exp. tegra., d" &
$,85 to 115 millim.
Hah. Sikhim. Assam ; Naga Hills {Ind. Mus.), N. Khasi
Hills (Chennell). Sibsagar (ivu/. 2Ius.). Burma; Bhamo (i^^rt).
Fig. 44. — Duudtibia mannifera.
Moulmein {Ind. Mas.). Teuasserim (Lwiborr/); Myitta Valley
{Doherty). — Malay Peninsula. Sumatra. Java. Borneo. Celebes.
Philippines. China.
This is a most abundant species and found throughout [the
East.
aa. Opercida in male very narrow and extendiny beyond middle of
abdomen, slightly curved outivardly, concave on each side near
base, the ajnces broadly convex.
1581. Dundubia emanatura, Dist. A. M. JV. H. (6) iii, p. .51 (1889) ;
id. Mon. Orient, dead. p. 41, t. viii, f. 3, a, b (1889).
Head and thorax above either greeuish or ochraceous ; abdomen
brownish-ochraceous ; head with a narro'w, reticulated, transverse
black fascia between the eyes enclosing the ocelli, and a black
spot at the anterior lateral angles of the vertex, eyes brownish ;
pronotum with narrow, black, lateral marginal fasciae ; body
beneath and legs ochraceous ; apices of posterior tibia? infuscated ;
tegmina and \vings pale hyaline, the venation pale greenish-
ochraceous ; rostrum reaching the intermediate coxse ; in the
female type the abdomen has a black lateral marginal fascia on
each side.
Length excl. tegm., J , 26 ; exp. tegm. 72 millim.
Hah. Karwar (Atkinson). JN^ilgiri Hills {Hampson).
The black lateral margins to the pronotum and the narrow
opercula in the male render this species very distinct.
96 cicadid.t;.
aaa. Opercula in male elongate and narroiv, reacldng penultimate
abdominal segment, their basal areas inivardly curved, their
apical areas long, slender, acutelg j^'^^'^^^'^^^ ^'^ apices.
1582. Dundubia intemerata, Walk. J. Linn. Soc. Zool. i, p. 84
(18."i6): Atkins. J. A. S. Benq. liii, p. 224 (1885); Dist. Mon.
Orient, dead. p. 42, t. iv, f. \,a,h (1889).
(^ fBody green, ocbraceous, or with the abdomen above ochraceous ;
ocelU red ; eyes dark castaneous or fuscous ; rostrum, coxje, tarsi,
and apices o£ tibise ochraceous ; apex of rostrum and the tarsal
claws black ; tegmiaa and wings pale hyaline, their extreme bases,
venation, and costal membrane of the first greenish-ochraceous ;
rostrum about reaching the posterior coxae, a character belonging
to the following genus {Cosmo psaltria), but the structure of the
head is of the strictly Bundubian character.
Length excl. tegra., c? 28 to 30, $ 26 to 28 ; exp. tegm.,
S 78 to 85, $ 74 to 78 millim.
Mab. Assam ; Margherita (Dohertg), Khasi Hills (Ohenncll),
Sibsagar (Ind. Mas.). Teuasserim ; Myitta Valley (DoJierty). —
Malay Peninsula.
Mr. Annandale states that at certain seasons this Cicada forms
a regular article of diet among the Siamese inhabitants of
Patulung, who capture it by the following peculiar method : —
" Immediately after the sun had set several of the natives
gathered in an open space, round a fire of brushwood or a number
of tox'ches fastened to stakes stuck in the ground, and commenced
to clap their hands in unison, observing a regular time and
rhythm. Very soon, if they were fortunate, the Cicadas flew out
from the undergrowth of the surrounding orchards and jungle,
and alighted on the persons of their captors, who had no difficulty
in picking off the insects." (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1900, p. 859.)
Genus COSMOPSALTRIA.
Cosmopsaltria, Stdl, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 5 (1866) ; id. Berl. ent. Zeit.
X, p. 170 (1866).
Type, C. doryca, Boisd., from Papuana.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions ; also recorded
from Corea and Japan.
Body moderately long and robust, head as long as breadth
between eyes, and including eyes as wide as base of mesonotum,
with the front not twice as broad at base as anterior margins of
the lobes of vertex, lateral margins obliquely continuous to front
or very slightly sinuate ; pronotum about as long as head, its
lateral margins scarcely ampliated, but distinctly toothed or
angulated ; mesonotum slightly longer than pronotum ; abdomen
short, about as long as space between apex of head and base of
cruciform elevation ; tympana covered ; opercula in male broad,
either just or longly passing middle of abdomen, well separated
COSMOPSALTKIA.
97
and not overlapping, more or less concavely sinuate on each side
at basal areas, their apices rounded or obhquely truncate ; rostrum
reaching, sometimes passing, the posterior coxae ; tegmina and
wings hyaline ; greatest breadth of tegmina about a third ot"
length ; venation normal ; basal cell much longer than broad.
A. Eostrum almost reaching apex of first ahdominal segment.
a. Opercula in male almost reaching ajiex of fourth abdominal
segment, concavely narroived on each side near base, thence
ividened to apices^ which c{,re rounded and situate on abdominal
margins.
1583, Cosmopsaltria oopaga, Dist. Tr. E. S. 1881, p. 640 ; Atkins.
J. A. S. Bern), liii, p. 227 (1885); Bist. Man. Orient. Cicad.
p. 46, t. V, £ b, a, b (1889).
Head dull ochraceous ; posterior lateral margins of front black,
the two basal ocelli surrounded with black which extends to
posterior margin ; pro- and mesonota pale olivaceous, the first
with a central loncitudinal ochraceous fascia with its mai-gins
Fig. 45. — Cosmopsaltria oopaga.
black and united posteriorly ; mesonotum with two anterior
black-margiued obcoihcal spots, on each side of which is a small
spot, an anterior latei*al fascia, a curved basal fascia, and a spot on
each anterior angle of cruciform elevation, black ; abdomen dull
ochraceous inclining to olivaceous, laterally sparingly greyishly
pubescent and with an indistinct lateral series of fuscous spots ;
body beneath and legs pale ochraceous or olivaceous, bases of
tibiae, apices of anterior and intermediate tibiae, and the anterior
and intermediate tarsi black ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the
venation olivaceous with fuscous intervals.
Length excl. tegm., c? , 39 ; exp. tegm. 96 millini.
Bob. Burma {Coll. Dist.). — Siam.
YOL. Ill, u
98 CICADIB.iE.
B. Rostrum reaching posterior coocce.
b. Opercula ill male reaching apical abdominal segment, concavely
narroii^ed at base, thence ividened and moderutelji convex to
apices, which are rounded and situate on lateral abdominal
areas.
1584. Cosmopsaltria fese, Dist.Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 101, t. xv, f. 20
(1892).
Body above brownish-ochraceous and uxoderately pilose ; head
with a spot at apex of front and the anterior angles of the vertex
ochraceous ; pronotuni with narrow anterior margin, a narro\A-
ceutral longitudinal fascia, and broad posterior and lateral margins
ochraceous ; extreme hind margin nai-rowly black ; mesonotum
with two obscure obconical spots at anterior margin (which are
outwardly margined with black) and a large obscure marginal fascia
on each side pale castaneous ; cruciform elevation ochraceous ;
body beneath and legs pale ochraceous ; face brownish-ochraceous;
anterior and intermediate tibise and tarsi black, the tibiae streaked
with ocliraceous ; tegmina and wings pale hyaline, venation
ochraceous and blackish, mostly blackish ; tegmina with the costal
membrane ochraceous with a ceutral black line ; postcostal area
ochraceous ; extreme base narrow^ly ochraceous.
Length excl. tegm., c? , 45 ; exp. tegm. 122 millim.
Hab. Burma ; Karennee (Fea).
C. liostrum reaching yniddle of first abdominal segment.
c. Opercula in male reaching base of last abdominal segment,
strongly compressed at base, then m^uch u'idened and convex on
each side, their apices narroiued and obtusdy angulate and
situate on lateral abdominal margins.
1585. Cosmopsaltria andersoni, Dist. A. M. N. H. (5) xi, p. 170
(1883) ; id. Moil. Orient. Cicad. p. 46, t. v, f. 0, a, b (1889).
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum olivaceous ; head with the
lateral margins of front, area of ocelli, and a small spot on each
side of same black ; pronotum with a central longitudinal
ochraceous fascia margined with black, widest anteriorly and com-
pressed about centre, and with a small curved black line behind
the eyes ; mesonotum with two anterior obconical spots margined
with black, on each side of which is a small discal streak, a long
curved black spot on each side of base, and anterior angles of
cruciform elevation black; abdomen dull dark ochraceous; body
beneath and legs pale ochraceous ; subapical annulatious to anterior
femora, upper surfaces and apices of anterior tibiae, bases and apices
of intermediate and posterior tibiae, tarsi, apex of rostrum, and
apical portion of last abdominal segment black ; tegmina and wings
hyaline, the first with costal membrane and basal portion of
venation ochraceous, remaining venation either black or olivaceous,
IIAPHSA.
99
and a black claval streak ; wings with the veins black or ochraceous,
outer claval margin and inner claval streak fuscous.
Length excl. tegm. 32 ; exp. tegra. 88 millim.
Hah. Tenasserim ; Mergui {Anderson). — Cochin China.
Genus HAPHSA.
Haphsa, Dlst. A. M. N. H. (7) xv, p. 64 (1905).
Type, H. tiicomacJie, AV^alk.
Distribution. Oriental Eegion and Yunnan.
Head (including eyes) about as broad as raesonotuin, con-
siderably shorter than breadth between eyes, lateral margins
obliquely sinuate from eyes to apex ; pronotum distinctly shorter
than mesonotum, subacutely toothed before middle of lateral
margins ; abdomen short, not longer than space between head and
base of cruciform elevation ; tympana covered, tympanal flaps
about as long as broad ; rostrum reaching or passing the posterior
coxae ; opercula in male broad, their inner margins contiguous,
nearly equally broad throughout, their apices convex, their outer
margins very obsoletely sinuate ; tegmina and wings hyaline.
1586. Haphsa nicomache, Walk. (Dundubia^ List Horn. \, p. 67
(1850) : Atkins. J. A. S. Bertq. Hii, p. 224 (1885) ; Dist. (Cosmo-
psaltria) Man. Orient. Cicad. p. 57, t. iv, f. 12, «, b (1890).
Cicada delineata, Walk. his. Saund., Horn. p. 17 (1858).
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum ochraceous ; head with lateral
striae to front, two large transverse spots on lateral margins of
vertex, and the area of the ocelli black ; pronotum with two
central longitudinal black lines united posteriorly, the incisures
and transverse spots on lateral marginal areas black ; mesonotum
with three central discal lines united posteriorly, on each side of
which is a small anterior spot, a broad lateral fascia containing a
small ochraceous spot, and two spots in front of the cruciform
elevation, black ; abdomen black, the segmental margins, some
latei-al spots, and the tympanal coverings more or less ochraceous ;
11 2
100 CICADIDiE.
body beneath and legs ochraceous ; transverse striae to face, a
fascia between face and eyes, and apical area of abdomen black ;
tegmina and wings lij^aline, venation oehraceous or fuscous,
teginina with the costal membrane oehraceous, the postcostal area
and transverse veins at bases of second and third apical areas
iufuscate.
Length excl. tegni. 25 to 28 ; exp. tegm. 78 to 82 niillim.
Hah. Sikhiin {Ind. Mns. 4' Coll. Dist.) • Kimpti f'alls, Mussooree
(Maclinnoyi). Assam ; Margberita {Doliertij), Naga Hills {Coll.
Dist.).
1587. Haphsa velitaris, Dint. (Cosmopsaltria) A. M. N. H. (6) xx,
p. 18 (1897).
In colour and markings very closely allied to H. nicomache, but
diifering from that species by the greater length of the rostrum,
which considerably passes the posterior coxa% and not only just
extending beyond their apex as in Walker's species, the opercula
in the male are only half the length of the abdomen ; the principal
colour-difference is found in the dorsal surface of the abdomen,
which is more castaneous and less black than in II. nicomache.
Length excl. tegm., c? , 27 ; exp. tegm. 80 millim,
Eab. Burma; North Chin Hills (T'Toi^sow).
Genus PLATYLOMIA.
Platylomia, Stal {vom. nee descript.), Of v. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1870, p. 708
note ; Dist. A. M. N. H. (7) xv, p. 65 (1905).
Type, P. spinosa, Fabr., a Malayan species.
Distrihution. Oriental and Malayan Eegions ; also found in
Tonkin and Hainan.
Head (including eyes) about as wide or a little wider than
base of mesonotum, about or almost as long as breadth
between eyes ; pronotum centrally about or almost as long as
mesonotum (excluding basal cruciform elevation), its lateral
margins always distinctly, sometimes strongly, and generally
acutely toothed ; abdomen considerably longer than space
between apex of head and base of cruciform elevation ; tympana
completely covered ; rostrum reaching or passing the posterior
coxc© ; opercula more or less elongate, concavely sinuate on each
side of basal area, their apices rounded or subacute, occupying
lateral abdominal areas, always well separated and seldom
reaching disk ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the venation some-
times fuscously spotted.
I use Stal's name for this genus, as the type he proposed {Cic.
favida, Guor.) is included in it. His description, however,
cannot be accepted, as, evidently referring to Guerin's figure
only, he states, " ramo vense ulnaris interioris recto vel leviter
curvato," a character given by the artist and not found in the
species.
PLATYLOMIA. 101
A. Opercula in male tvith their apices rounded.
b. Front someivhat (jloboseh/ 2^>'oduced.
c. Opercula only extending to about half the length of abdomen.
1588, Platylomia amicta, Dist. (Dundubia) A. M. N. H. (6) iii,p. ol
(1889) ; id. (Cosuiopsaltviaj Man. Orient. Cicad. p. 43, t. viii,
f. 4, a, b (1890).
Body above brovvnish-oehraceous ; head with striae and two
central longitudinal lines to front, a broad oblique fascia on each
lateral area of vertex, and area of ocelli black ; pronotum with
two central longitudinal lines, incisures, anterior margin, and
inner edge of posterior margin black, posterior and lateral
margins paler in hue, the last crossed bv an oblique black fascia
emerging from behind the eyes ; mesonotum with five fascia;
(one central and longitudinal, two short and directed obliquely
inward, the largest on each lateral area — not reaching anterior
margin) and two small rounded spots in front of cruciform
elevation black ; body beneath and legs brownish-oehraceous;
femora more or less streaked with black ; tibiae, tarsi, apex of
rostrum, a spot between face and eyes, and apical margin of face
black ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the venation fuscous.
Length excl. tegm., c? , 4b ; exp. tegm. 115 millim.
Eab. Karwar {Ind. Mus.).
bb. Front not i^rominenthj globosely jproduced.
Opercula in male only reaching third abdominal segment;
tegmina ivitli bases of second and third apical areas infuscated.
1589. Platylomia vibrans. Walk. (Dundubia) List Ham. i, p. 54
(1850) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beixj. liii, p. 224 (1885) ; Dist. (Cosmo-
psaltria) Man. Orient. Cicad. p. 50, t. iv, f. 2, a, h (1890).
Dundubia lateralis, Walk. List Horn, i, p. 01 (1850) ; Atkins.
J. A. S. Bemj. Hii, p. 224 (1885).
Head and thorax above ochraceous ; head with the lateral
striations and two spots at apex of front, area of ocelli, a spot at
anterior angle, and an oblique fascia on lateral area of vertex
black ; pronotum with two central longitudinal fasciae angulated
and meeting posteriorly, the incisures, and three small spots on
each lateral margin black or piceous ; mesonotum with seven
linear fasciae, the central one longest, sti*aight and longitudinal,
on each side of this a shorter and inwardly directed fascia,
followed by a very short one on anterior margin, and a longer
somewhat broken fascia on each lateral area, and two spots in
front of cruciform elevation, black; abdomen very pale castaneous,
the segmental incisures narrowly edged with ochraceous and
black ; some obscure, irregular, transverse, discal fasciae, and a
lateral series of segmental spots piceous; tympanal coverings
dull ochraceous; head beneath, sternum, legs, and opercula
ochraceous ; transverse striations to face, fascia between eyes
102 CICADID^.
and face, apex o£ rostrum, apices of tibiae, and margins of
opercula (broadest at apices) black or piceous ; abdomen beneath
very pale castaneous, with some piceous discal spots ; tegmina and
wings hyaline, venation pale fuscous : tegmina with the costal
membrane ochraceous, and the transverse veins at the bases of
the second and third apical areas inf uscated ; abdomen sparsely
finely pilose.
Length excl. tegm., cJ , 35 to 38 ; exp. tegm. 85 to 90 millim.
Hah. Assam ; Margherita {Doherty), Naga Hills (ChenneU).
Sylhet (Brit. 3It<s.). — Malay Peninsula.
Opercida in male not reachinr/ 2)enult{mate abdominal segment ;
tegmina unspotted.
1590. Platylomia similis. Did. (Dundubia) A.M.K. H. (6) i,p.292
(1888) ; id. (Cosmopsaltria) Man. Orient, dead. p. 45, t. v,
f. 10, «,6(1889).
Head and thorax above pale greenish ; abdomen pale castaneous ;
head with the area of the ocelli somewhat piceous ; pronotum with
the edges of the posterior margin and the inner edge of the
anterior margin black ; mesonotum with a central black longi-
tudinal linear fascia, on each side of which is a short oblique
black fascia outwardly margined with ochraceous, followed by a
small anterior black spot, and with two black spots in front of
cruciform elevation ; abdomen above with a short, broad, oblique,
cretaceously tomentose fascia on each side of basal area ; body
beneath, opercula, and legs pale greenish or greenish-ochraceous ;
rostrum with the apex black and reaching the posterior coxae ;
tegmina and \^ings hyaline, the venation greenish-ochraceous, in
some places black ; costal membrane of tegmina greenish.
Lengtii excl. tegm., c? , 50 : exp. tegm. 122 millim.
Hah. Sikhim and Assam {Ind,. Mus.).
This species above has a strong superficial resemblance to
r. radlia, Dist., which is described on p. 105.
Opercida in male someivliat narroiv and reaching penultimate
ahdominal segment ; tegmina unspotted.
1591. Platylomia larus, Wall-. (Dundubia) List Horn. Suppl. p. 7
(1858) ; Dist. (Cosmopsaltria) Man. Orient. Cicad. p. 44, t. v,
f. 1, a, b, and var. t. iv, f. 13 (1889).
Cicada — "The Knife-grinder," Emerson Tejinent, Nat. Hist. Ceyl.
p. 432, fig. (1861).
Head and thorax above greenish-ochraceous ; abdomen above
and beneath pale castaneous ; head ^A■ith the lateral areas of
front, area of ocelli, an augulated fascia in front of eyes, and a
small spot near inner margin of each eye black; pronotum with
two central longitudinal, posteriorly connected fasciae, on each
side of which is a short curved discal fascia, the incisures, and
edges of lateral margins black ; mesonotum with five fasciae (one
PLATYLOMIA. 103
central and longitudinal, two short and angulated, the outer two
longer, irregular and angularly curved) and two spots in front of
cruciform elevation black ; abdomen above with some central
black discal spots ; body beneath, sternum, legs, and opercula
ochraceous or greenish -ochraceous ; apices of anterior femora,
bases and apices of anterior and intermediate tibife, bases of
posterior tibiae, and anterior and intermediate tarsi black ;
tegmiua and wings hyaline, the venation ochraceous or greenish,
in some places black.
Length excl. tegm., d" , 32 to 38 ; exp. tegm. 84 to 100 millim.
Hah. Bombay (Leith). Nilgiri Hills ; Koonor {ffamj^son).
Ceylon (Green).
This is the species figured by Tennent in his ' Xatui'al History
of Ceylon,' and referred to by him as "The Knife-grinder." He
describes it as resting high up on the bark of a tree, and making
the forest re-echo with a long-sustained noise so cui'iously
resembling that of a cutler's wheel that the creature producing it
has acquired the highly appropriate name of the " Knife-grinder."
Opercula in male reaching base of last abdominal segment ;
tegmina unspotted.
1592. Platylomia nagarasingna, Bist. (Duudubia) Tr. E. S. 1881,
p. 635; yl/A-i»,s. ( Diuidubia) J. A. S. Beng. liii, p. 225 (1885) ;
Dist. (Cosmopsaltria) Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 44, t. iv, f. 14, a, b
(1889).
Body above castaneous ; head with centre of front and an
oblique fascia on each side of ocelli ochraceous ; pronotum with
a central fascia and the lateral and posterior margins ochx'aceous ;
mesonotum with two anterior, central, black-margined obeonical
spots, basal cruciform elevation ochraceous ; abdomen more or less
greyishly pilose, with a lateral fascia of greyish pile on each side,
the apex greyishly tomentose ; body beneath and legs pale
ochraceous, more or less greyishly tomentose ; anterior tibiae,
apices of intermediate and posterior tibiae, the tarsi, and apex of
rostrum piceous ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the venation
ochraceous or fuscous ; tegmina with the costal membrane
ochraceous; rostrum reaching apex of posterior coxae.
Length excl. tegm. 34 to 38 ; exp. tegm.. 88 to 95 milhm.
Hah. Burma {Bingham). Tenasserim ; Mj'itta (Dohertg). —
Cochin China.
B. Operc^da in male with their apiices obtusely angidate.
Opercula reacliing fourth abdominal segment ; tegmina spotted.
1593. Platylomia umbrata, Bist. (Cosmopsaltria) A. M. N. H. (6)
i, p. 293 (1888); id. Man. Onent. Cicad. p. 58, t. v, f. 11, a, b
(1890).
Head and thorax above obscure olivaceous ; head with the
104
CICADIDiE.
]ateral margins to front, area of ocelli, and some irregular spots
on each lateral area of vertex black : pronotum with two central
fascife (aiupliated anteriorly and posteriorly), the incisures, inner
edge of posterior margin, and a spot, or spots, near lateral angles
black ; mesonotum with two black-margined central obconical
spots, a central lanceolate fascia, and two spots in front of
cruciform elevation black; abdomen above and beneath largely
suftused with dull black shadings ; body beneath olivaceous ; a
central fascia to face, fascia between face and eyes, inner margins
and apices of femoi'a, and the tibise more or less blackish ;
Plati/lomia unibrata.
opercula olivaceous, their basal and apical areas more or less
piceous ; tegmina and wings hyaline, venation fuscous ; tegmina
with extreme base, costal membrane, postcostal area, transverse
veins at bases of second, third, fifth, and seventh apical areas,
and apices of longitudinal veins to apical areas, fuscous ; rostrum
just passing postei'ior coxae, with its apex piceous.
Length excl. tegm., cj' , 46 ; exp. tegni. 120 millim.
Hah. Sikhim {Coll. DlsL). Assam; Naga Hills {Ind. Mus.).
Burma ; Bhamo {Fea).
Opercula just passing posterior margin of penultimate abdominal
segment ; tegmina unspotted.
1594. Platylomia assamensis, Dist. A. M. N. H. (7) xv, p. 65
(1905).
Allied to P. umhrata, Dist., and differing principally by the size
and shape of the opercula in the male, which just pass the
posterior margin of the penultimate abdominal segment, with their
apices suddenly obtusely angulate ; the tegmiua are sliorter, and
thus apparently broader, and are without the marginal spots at
PLATYLOMIA. 105
the apices of the longitudinal veins to the apical areas and the
infuscated transverse veins at the bases of fifth and seventh apical
areas ; the markings of the uiesonotuni are similar to those of
P. umbrata, but there is also a distinct black elongate spot on each
lateral area.
Length excl. tegm., c?, 40 ; exp. tegm. Ill millim.
Hah. Assam {Atlcinson OolL, Brit. Mus.).
C. Opercula in male zuifh their apices narrowed, anr/idate, and
directed outivard.
Opercula reaching ■pemdtimate abdominal segment ; tegmina
unspotted.
1595. Platylomia radha, Dist. (Dimdubia) Tr. E. S. 1881, p. 634;
Atkins. J.A.S. Bemj. liii, p. 225 (1885); Bist. (Cosmopsaltria)
Mon. Orient, dead, p. 54, t. iv, f. 9, a, b (1890).
Body above pale castaneous ; head with the area of the ocelli
black; pronotum with the lateral and posterior margins and a
ver}^ narrow anterior margin ochraceous, the first very narrowly
edged with black, and the second inwardly margined with two
transverse black spots ; mesonotum with two black-margined
obconical spots, followed on each side by a small black spot on
anterior margin, five indistinct black basal spots, three in front of
cruciform elevation and one on each side of same ; abdomen a
little darker castaneous, the segmental margins pieeous ; body
beneath, legs and opercula dull ochraceous ; tegmina and wings
hyaline, venation pale fuscous ; tegmina with the costal mem-
brane, basal cell, and claval area dull ochraceous ; extreme base
of wings and their claval area dull, dark ochraceous ; rostrum
reaching the posterior coxae.
Length excl. tegm. 53 : exp. tegm. 124 millim.
Hab. iSikhim {Ind. Mus.). Assam ; Naga Hills (Doherti/).
Madras Presidency (Coll. Bist.). Burma ; Teinzo (Fea).
Opercula in male reaching pemdtimate abdominal segment ;
tegmina spotted.
1596. Platylomia saturata, Walk. (Dundubia) List Ham. Snj)}}!-
p. 6 (1858) ; Bist. (Cosmopsaltria) Mon. Orient, dead. p. 54,
t.v,f. 17, a, 6 (1890).
Dundubia obtecta, Walk. {nee. Fabr.) List Horn, i, p. 47 (1850).
Head and thorax above olivaceous ; pronotum with two central
longitudinal fascia) (inwardly curved and united posteriorly), the
incisures, and a small spot on lateral margins black ; mesonotum
with a central longitudinal fascia connected with two large
anterior fused spots, a very broad oblique fascia on each lateral
area, and two spots in front of cruciform elevation black ;
abdomen shining pieeous, the segmental margins at lateral areas
somewhat broadly ochraceously pilose ; head beneath, sternum,
106 CICADID^.
legs, and opercnla olivaceous, the last with au ochraceous tint ;
ahdomen beneath ochraceous ; femora with a short black line on
inner margin ; tegmina and wings hyaline, venatiou ferruginous ;
tegmina with a bright olivaceous tinge most pronounced on the
basal half, the extreme base and claval area ferruginous, costal
membrane and postcostal area fuscous, transverse veins at bases
of second, third, fifth, and seventh apical areas broadly infuscate,
and a series of marginal spots at apices of longitudinal veins to
apical areas ; wings with extreme base and margins of anal area
ferruginous.
Length excl. tegm., c? , 40 to 45 : exp. tegm. 106 to 130 millim.
Hah. Nepal (Bardivicl-e). Eanikhet {Coll. List.). Sikhim
{Brit. M us.). 'Dav]\\mg{Brit. Mus.). ^y\\\Qt_{Coll.Sign.). Assam;
Naga Hills {Doherty).
This is a variable species as regards the tinting of the tegmina,
which are sometimes clear and not shaded on the basal lialves ; it
is even apparently more unusually variable in the position of the
opercnla, which in some specimens examined, probably owing to a
shrinkage of the abdomen, reach its apex ; in other examples the
apices of the opercula are much less angularly produced than in
typical specimens.
Miss Dendy, who collected specimens of this species at Darjiling,
which she presented to the British Museum, wrote : " These
creatures make a noise like a watchmau's rattle in the trees at
night."
Opercula in male medially lobate on each side, reaching ^^osterior
ma7'gin of fourth abdominal segment; tegmina spotted.
1597. Platylomia ficulnea, Dist. (Cosmopsaltria) Mon. Orient. Cicad.
p. 102, t. XV, f. 21 (1892).
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum ochraceous tinged with
greenish ; abdomen pale castaneous, its upper surface tomentose ;
pronotum with a narrow anterior margin and two angulated spots
on posterior margin castaneous : mesonotum with a large, central,
castaneous angulated spot, commencing at cruciform elevation
and extending to anterior margin, two ochraceously margined
obconical spots and the lateral areas olivaceous ; cruciform
elevation ochraceous, with a white tomentose spot on each side :
abdomen with some segmental white tomentose spots, the segmental
margins blackish ; tympanal coverings pale olivaceous ; body
beneath and legs ochraceous, the tibiae and tarsi somewhat darker
in hue ; lateral margins of abdomen somewhat whitely tomentose ;
tegmina and wings hyaline, venation ochraceous and fuscous ;
tegmina with the basal cell and costal meodDrane ochraceous,
transverse veins at bases of second, third, fourth, fifth, and seventh
apical areas somewhat broadly infuscate, a marginal series of
fuscous spots at apices of longitudinal veins to apical areas, and a
somewhat indistinct pale fuscous, linear, longitudinal fascia to the
MEIMUNA.
107
apical areas ; claval area pale fuscous ; wings with the margins o£
the anal area fuscous.
Length excl. tegm., d" , 54 ; exp. tegm. 134 millim.
Hab. Assam {Coll. Dist.). Burma ; Karennee {Feci), Karen
Hills {Dohevty).
Genus MEIMUNA.
Meimuna, Dist. A. M. N. H. (7) xv, p. 67 (1905).
Type, M. tripurasura, Dist.
iJistribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions ; Corea, China,
and Japan.
Head (including eyes) ahout as broad as base of mesonotum,
shorter than breadth between eyes, lateral margins obliquely
continuous to face or very slightly sinuate ; prouotum distinctly
shorter than mesouotum, its lateral margins distinctly and
generally acutely toothed before middle ; abdomen considerably
longer than space between apex of head and base of cruciform
ele\atiou ; tympana covered, tympanal flaps about as long as
broad ; rostrum reaching the posterior coxte ; opercula obliquely
divergent, sometimes very short ; tegmina and wings hyaline.
A, Tegmina unspotted.
a. Opercula reacliing fourth abdominal segment, luell separated at
base, apices obtuse.
159S. Meimuna tripurasura, Dist. (Dundubia) Tv. E. S. 1881, p. 635 ;
Atkins. J. A. 8. Beng. liii, p. 225 (1885) ; Dist. (Cosmopsaltria)
Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 55, t. iv, f. 8, a, b (1890).
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum ochraceous ; head with a large
spot at base and transverse striae to front, two large oblique
Fig. 48. — Meimuna tripurasura.
irregular fascise on disk of vertex, and a large spot at inner
margins of eyes black ; pronotum with two central longitudioal
fascia?, with a curved discal fascia on each side, and the incisures
108 CICADldS.
black ; mesonotum with a central longitudinal lanceolate spot, on
each side of which is an irregularly black-margined obconical spot,
follow^ed by a small anterior spot, and a wide submarginal fascia,
black ; abdomen dull sanguineous, with a central segmental series
of transverse spots (sometimes very large and subconfluent) and
lateral segmental series of smaller spots black ; head beneath
and sternum greyishly pubescent ; abdomen beneatii dull
sanguineous ; opercula in male pale sanguineous ; legs ochraceous ;
tegmina and wings hyaline, venation ochraceous on basal, fuscous
on apical areas ; costal membrane to tegmina ochraceous.
Length excl. tegm., cJ ? 33 ; exp. tegin. 85 millim.
Hah. Sikhim {Ind. Miis.). Assam ; Margherita (Dohertij), N.
Khasi Hills {ChenneU).
a'. OpercvJa renchinr/ penidthnate ahdominal se[/ment, their
ojnceii acutelij pointed.
1599. Meimima tavoyana, Dist. (Dundubia) A. M. N. H. (H) i,
p. 292 (1888) ; id. (Cosmopsal trial Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 55, t. v,
f. 4, a, b (1890).
Above resembling in size, general hue, and markings M.
tripurasura., but differing remarkably from that species by the size
and shape of the opereuhi, which have their apices somewhat
acutely pointed and reaching the penultimate abdominal segment,
with their outer lateral margins a little concave near base, convex
about m.iddle, aud somewhat profoundly concave towards their
apices, their colour is also pale olivaceous-green.
Length excl. tegm. 30 ; exp. tegm. 80 millim.
Hah. Burma {Bingham). Tenasserim ; Tavoy {lad. Mus.).
a^. Opercula reaching third ahdominal segment; suhtriangidar,
a little sinuate outwardlg, ohliquelg straight imvardhj, apices
suhacute.
1600. Meimuna ganameda, Dist. (Cosmopsaltria) Entomohf/tst, 1903,
p. 25(J; Melich. Horn. Ceylon, p. 4 (1903).
c? . Head and pronotum greenish-ochraceous — possibly pale
green in fresh specimens : head with black striae on each side of
front, leaving a pale spot at base aud a smaller spot at apex,
vertex with the area of ocelli connected with a lateral sti'eak
black ; pronotum with two central lines connected anteriorly, two
small spots at centre of posterior margin, and the incisures black ;
mesonotum with a central longitudinal line, on each side of which
is a shorter and broader curved linear fascia, followed on each side
by two smaller anterior spots, a linear fascia on each lateral area,
aud two spots in front of cruciform elevation, black ; abdomen
brownish-ochraceous, the lateral and basal areas paler ochraceous,
sparingl}^ greyishly pilose and with a small black spot on basal
segment; sternum, rostrum, legs, and opercula pale ochraceous;
abdomen beneath brownish-ochraceous ; basal margin of face
MEIMUNA. 109
striated with black, and a black fascia between face and eyes ;
apices of femora and tibiae more or less piceous ; tegmina and
wings hyaline, venation ochraceous, here and there tinged with
fuscous.
Length excl. tegm., d> 39, 2 31 ; exp. tegm., S HO, § 105
millini.
Hah. Ceylon ; Pnndaluoya {Green).
B. Tegmina with transverse veins at bases of second and third apical
areas infuscated.
h. Opercula reachinr/ third abdominal segment, their outer margins
subparaUel^ imvardly ividest, but not meeting near postei-ior
coxce,, inner margins oblique, apices obtuseh/ angulate.
1601. Meimuna durgra, Dist. (Cosmopsaltria) Tr. E. S. 1881, p. 637 ;
AtJcms. J. A. S. Benq. liii, p. 226 (1885) ; Dist. Mon. Orient.
Cicad. p. 56, t. iv, f. 6, a, b (1890).
Head, pronotuni, and mesonotinn dull ochraceous; head with
an irregular basal spot and the anterior transverse striae to front,
area of ocelli reaching posterior margin, and two transverse fascia?
on each lateral area of vertex (the hindermost connected with
posterior margin) black ; pronotum with a narrow anterior
margin, a central longitudinal fascia margined with black on each
side, and a triangulated fascia on each lateral margin pale ochra-
ceous, the incisures, two short discal fasciae, inner posterior and
inner and broad angulated outer lateral margins black ; mesonotum
with a lanceolate central fascia, on each side of which is a shorter,
broader, and angulate fascia, followed by an anterior elongate spot,
and a broad sublateral fascia (broken near anterior margin), two
rounded spots near base, and a smaller one on each anterior
branch of cruciform elevation black ; abdomen pale castaneous,
its disk piceous and gradually widening from base to apex, where
it is entirely piceous ; body beneath, legs, and o[)ercula ochraceous ;
a fascia between face and eyes, anterior tibiae and tarsi, apices of
intermediate tibiae and tarsi, and apex of rostrum piceous ;
opercula in male pale greenish ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the
venation more or less fuscous ; tegmina with the costal membrane
ochraceous, and the transverse veins at bases of second and third
apical areas infuscated.
Length excl. tegm., c?,33 ; exp. tegm. 98 millim,
Hab. Assam; N. Khasi Hills {Chennell): Naga Hills {Ind.
Mus.).
b'. Opercula reaching fourth abdominal segment., gradually narrowed
from middle toivards apices, which are obtusely angulate.
1602. Meimuna silhetana, Dist. (Cosmopsaltria) A. M. N. H. (6) i,
p. 295 (1888) ; id. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 62, t. vi, f. 1, a, b
(1890).
Body above shining brownish-olivaceous ; head with two apical
110 CICADIDiE.
spots and strige to front, an irregular transverse fascia across
vertex, and the posterior margins of the eyes black ; pronotum
with two central longitudinal fasciae with a curved linear discal
spot on each side and the incisures black, basal margin greenish ;
mesonotum with a central lanceolate longitudinal fascia, on each
side of which is a slightl}' oblique obconical spot, followed by a
small anterior spot, and again by a short broad spot, a long fasciate
spot on each lateral area, and two rounded spots in front of the
cruciform elevation, black ; abdomen above with the disk much
shaded with shining piceous, posterior segmental margins greenish ;
body beneath very pale olivaceous with a greyish tiuge ; face with
the apex and a central fascia black; apex of rostrum, apices of
anterior tibiae, anterior tarsi, and bases and apices of intermediate
and posterior tibiae fuscous ; tegmina and wiugs hyaline, venation
brownish ; tegmina with costal membrane and base of upper
ulnar area ochraceous, transverse veins at bases of second and
third apical areas iufuscated.
Length excl. tegin. 28 ; exp. tegtn. 72 millim.
Hah. 8ylhet.
b'. Ojiercula reaching jjenultimatii ahdominal segment, suhtrlangular
in sJuqje.
]603. Meimuna microdon, Walk. (DunduWa) List Horn, i, p. 55
(1850) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Bern/, liii, p. 224 (1&85) ; Dist. (Cosmo-
psaltria) Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 57, t. iv, f. 16, a, h (1890).
Head and pronotum ochraceous tinged with olivaceous ; head
with an apical spot and anterior transverse striae to front, area of
•ocelli reaching base of head, two transverse fasciae on lateral areas
of vertex, two small spots near base, and broad posterior margins
of eyes black ; pronotum with two central longitudinal fasciae, on
each side of which is a short curved discal fascia, and the incisures
black ; mesonotum black, with two anterior, discal, oblique fasciae,
followed on each side by a broad, inwardly oblique, and anteriorly
notched fascia, posterior margin and cruciform elevation (ex-
cluding its anterior angles) ochraceously olivaceous ; abdomen
above black, segmental margins narrowly olivaceous ; body beneath
ochraceous tinged with olivaceous ; femora beneath, anterior tibiae
and tarsi, bases and apices of intermediate and posterior tibiae
and tarsi, striae to face, fascia between face and eyes, margins and
apex of opercula, and apex of abdomen, piceous or black ; teg-
mina and wings hyaline, the venation fuscous ; tegmina with the
transverse veins at bases of second and third apical areas
infuscated.
Length excl. tegm., ^ , 30 ; exp. tegm. 90 millim.
Hah. "North India" (Wallich, Brit. Mus.). Sikhim (CoU.
Dist.).
POMPONIA. Ill
Genus POMPONIA.
Pomponica, Sfal, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 6 (1866) ; Bed. ent. Zeit. x, p. 171
(1866) ; Bist. Mon. Orient, dead. p. 68 (1890).
Type, P. fusca., Oliv.
Distribution. Oriental Region, China and Japan.
Head (including eyes) about as wide as base of mesonotum, its
length about or nearly equal to space between eyes, ocelli much
farther apart from eyes than from each other, front anteriorly
convex and slightly prominent ; pronotum with the lateral margins
moderately ampliate and sinuate, the posterior angles dilated,
a little shorter than mesonotum ; mesonotum with the disk
moderately convex ; abdomen in male longer than space between
apex of head aiid base of cruciform elevation, tympanal coverings
complete ; opercula in male short and transverse ; rostrum passing
posterior coxae ; anterior femora spined beneath ; tegmina and
wings hyaline, the first usually more or less maculate, basal ceil
longer than broad, apical areas eight.
A, Tegmina maculate and marginalhj sj)otted.
a. Ojpercida transverse, their posterior margins oblique, their
inner angles nearly meeting.
1604. Pomponia fusca, Oliv. (Cicada) Enc. Meth. \, p. 749, t. cxi,
f. 3 (1790) ; IStm (Pomponia), Berl. ent. Zeit. x, p. 171 (1866) ;
id. Of v. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1870, p. 710; Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad.
p. 70, t. vii, f. 10, a, h (1890).
Dinidubia Ihiearis, ciuctimauus, rainifera, urauia, Walk. List
Horn, i, pp. 48, 53, & 64.
Pomponia linearis, Stdl, Berl. ent. Zeit. x. p. 171 (1866) ; Atkins.
J. A. S. Beru/. liii, p. 228 (1885).
Stall, Cig. iig. 36.
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum greeuish-ochraceous : head
with the anterior margin of front, an irregular central fascia to
vertex enclosing ocelli, a spot at inner margins of eyes, and the
anterior lateral angles of vertex dark olivaceous ; pronotum with a
broad central longitudinal fascia, two large oblique spots on each
lateral area, and a spot on the lateral margins brownish-olivaceous ;
mesonotum with a lanceolate central fascia, on each side of which
is a large obconical spot, followed by a small anterior spot,
a broad submarginal fascia, two spots in front of cruciform
elevation and sometimes the whole frontal area of same, brownish-
olivaceous ; abdomen pale castaneous, sparingly greyishly pilose,
the segmental margins piceous ; head beneath, sternum, and legs
pale greenish ; upper and apical areas of face, a spot between face
and eyes, anterior tibiae, apices of intermediate tibiae, a spot near
apices of femora, apices of anterior and intermediate tarsi, apex
of rostrum, and a spot between intermediate and posterior coxae
dark fuscous ; abdomen beneath dark ochraceous ; tegmina and
112 ClCADIDiE.
wings hyaline ; tegraiua \\itli the costal membrane greenish,
transverse veins at bases of second, third, fourth, fifth, seventh,
and eighth apical areas infuscated, and a marginal series of small
fuscous spots at apices of longitudinal veins to apical areas,
venation ochraceous, in some places black, basal cell and claval
margins brownish-ochraceous ; wings with venation brownish-
ochraceous, claval margins darker in hue.
Length excl. tegm., S > 35 to 50 ; exp. tegm. 87 to 125 millim.
Bab. Sylhet {Brii. Mus.). i\ssam; Margherita (i)o7jer<?/), Naga
lYiWs {Ind. Mus.); Sibsagar (/juZ. J/hs.) ; Qaoh-dr {Judge); Nilgiri
Hills {Hampson). — Malay Peninsula. Java. Philijjpines. Japan.
a'. Ojpercida inivardly and outwardh/ oblique, their apices broadly
convex, inwardly nearly meeting.
1605. Pomponia lactea, I)ist. A. M. N. H. (5) xx, p. 229 (1887) ;
Mon. Orient, dead. p. 71, t. vii, f. 18, a, b (1890).
Body above ochraceous, head with the front, the area of the
ocelli, and a transverse streak in front of eyes reddish-ochraceous ;
prouotum with the whole disk reddish-ochraceous, and with an
indistinct central longitudinal fascia, the incisures a little darker,
and the margins pale ochraceous ; mesonotum obscure ochraceous,
with two obscure central obcoiiical spots, on each side of which is
a short anterior linear spot, a broad sublatei'al fascia, and a large
spot in front of the cruciform elevation, castaneous ; abdomen with
a broad central castaneous fascia which is outwardly notched
and channelled, and a latei-al series of small spots of the same
colour; body beneath and legs ochraceous ; apices of femora, bases
and apices of tibiiB, tarsi, a spot on apical segment of abdomen,
and apex of rostrum castaneous ; tegmina and wings hyaline with
a milky-white suffusion or reflection ; tegmina with the venation
alternately ochraceous and castaneous, costal membrane and a
small costal spot at base of upper ulnar area ochraceous ; trans-
verse veins at bases of apical areas more or less infuscated, a
marginal series of pale fuscous spots at apices of longitudinal
veins to apical areas, and sometimes these areas possess pale
fuscous longitudinal linear suffusions.
Length excl. tegm., J 30 to 34 ; exp. tegm. 80 to 95 millim.
Hab. Sikhim (Paris Mus.). — Malay Peninsula. Sumatra. Java.
Borneo.
a". Opercida convex, about as long as broad, well separated, their
inner and outer margins moderately convex, ajpices rounded.
1606. Pomponia intermedia, Dist. A. M. N. H. {7} xiv, p. 68 (1905).
Allied to F. impcratoria, AVestw. (a Malayan species), in colour
and markings, but differing by the length of the third apical area
POMPONIA.
113
to the tegmina, which is shorter than the fourth, while those areas
are about equal in length in Westwood's species ; the greatest
width of the tegmina is scarcely more than a third of their
length ; opercida ochraceous, narrowly margined with black and
obliquely black at base, in shape and length resembling those of
Fig. 49. — Pom]30iiia intermedia.
P. imperatoria. Allied to P. merula, Dist. (from Borneo), by the
relative breadth and length of tegmina, and by having the third
apical area to the same shorter than the fourth, but differing
by the shape and length of the opercula.
Length excl. tegm., d", 64 ; exp. tegm. 176 millim.
JIab. Tenasserim, Thaungyin Valley (Bingham, Brit. Mus.).
The structural differences of the three species are expressed in
the following synopsis : —
A. Opercula about as long as broad.
a. Greatest width of tegmina much more than a third
of their length.
h. Third apical area to tegmina about as long as
fourth P. imperatoria.
act. Greatest width of tegmina about or little more
than a third of their length.
bb. Third apical area to tegmina shorter than
fourth P. intermedia.
B. Opercula broader than long P. merula.
TOL. III. I
114 CICADID^.
B. Tegmina almost immaculate, only bases of second and tJiird
apical areas infuscate.
b, Opercula very small, inwardly and outwardly oblique, their
ajjices broadly convex.
1607. Pomponia solitaria, Dist. A. M. N. H. (6) i, p. 295 (1888);
id. Moil. Orient, dead. p. 74, t. vii, f. 17, a, h (18U1).
Body above ochraceous ; head with two linear spots at apex
and two small spots at base of front, area of the ocelli, a curved
line before each eye, and two transverse spots on lateral areas of
vertex black ; pronotum Avith two central lines united at base, and
a curved lateral marginal line, black ; mesonotum with a central
longitudinal line, on each side of which is a much shorter oblique
line, followed by a small anterior spot, a sublateral line, and two
small spots in front of cruciform elevation, black ; abdomen above
with the segmental margins shortly palely pilose ; body beneath
and legs pale ochraceous ; centre of face and apex of abdomen
]nore or less piceous ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the first with
the costal membrane and venation ochraceous, the transverse
veins at bases of second and third apical areas infuscated ; wings
with venation mostly ochraceous ; rostrum reaching apices of
posterior coxte.
Length excl. tegm., d" , ^8 ; exp. tegm. 75 millim.
Hub. Narkondam Isld. {Ind. Mus.).
b'. Ojjercula ivith outer margins strongly oblique, apiccd margins
subtruncate, apices broadly and moderately convex.
1608. Pomponia thalia. Walk. (Dimdubia) List Horn, i, p. 72 (1850) ;
Stal (Pomponia), Berl. ent. Zeit. x, p. 171 (1866) ; Dist. Mon.
Orient. Clcud. p. 75, t. ix, f. 4, a, h (1891).
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum greenish-ochraceous : head
with anterior transverse striae to front, area of ocelli with a curved
linear line on each side, two transverse spots on lateral areas of
vertex and inner margins of eyes black ; pronotum A\ith two
central fasciae united anteriorly and posteriorly, tlie incisures and
a spot at posterior angles black ; mesonotum with a central longi-
tudinal fascia, on each side of which is a short inwardly-curved
fascia, a sublateral fascia with its base outwardly curved, and two
spots in front of cruciform elevation black ; abdomen ochraceous
suffused with green, with a central black linear spot on each of
the two basal segments, a marginal series of small black spots,
and the last two segments more or less broadly maz'gined with
black ; sternum and legs pale greenish-ochraceous, abdouien
beneath pale ochraceous ; face with a central longitudinal and
transverse basal fascia, a transverse spot between base and eyes,
spots to coxte, subapical spot to femora, bases and apices of tibiae,
and apices of tarsi and rostrum black ; tegmina and wings hyaline,
venation ochraceous and fuscous ; tegmina with an ochraceous
AOLA. 115
and black spot at inner angle of upper ulnar area, and with
the transverse veins at bases of second and third apical areas
infuscated.
Length excl. tegm., d , 23 ; exp. tegm. 61 millim.
Hah. Sikhim {CoJl. Dist.), Mussooree {Maddnnon). Darjiling
■ Stod-holm Miis.). — Tibet {Paris Mus.).
b". Opercula short., hut placed longitudinally, apices hroadhj
convex,
1609, Pompoiiia surya, Bist. Tr. E. S. 1904, p. 671, t. xxx, f. 2, a, b.
Head and mesonotum piceous, pronotum ochraceous ; head with
an apical spot to front, lateral margins of vertex, and the ocelli
ochraceous ; pronotum with two central longitudinal fasciae
(widened anteriorly and united posteriorly), the incisures, and large
spots on posterior margin piceous ; lateral margins of mesonotum
and the cruciform elevation ochraceous ; abdomen brownish-
ochraceous, greyishly pilose ; body beneath and legs ochraceous,
greyishly pilose ; tegmina and wings hyaline, venation fuscous ;
tegmina with transverse veins at bases of second and third apical
areas infuscated ; rostrum reaching the posterior coxse.
Length excl. tegm., d 25, 5 21 ; exp. tegm., d & $ 65 to
<j6 millim.
Hah. Mussooree (MacJcinnon).
Genus AOLA.
Aola, Bist. A. M. N. If. (7) xiv, p. 69 (1905).
Type, A. hindiisara, Dist.
Distrihution. Oriental Region.
Head (including eyes) about as wide as base of mesonotum, its
length about equal to breadth between eyes; front prominent,
its lateral margins more or less continuous with those of vertex ;
pronotum distinctly shorter than mesonotum, its lateral margins
prominently toothed; abdomen short, about as long as space
between apex of front and base of cruciform elevation ; tympana
entirely covered, the flaps broader than long ; opercula short,
just reaching the first abdominal segment, and not covering the
lateral margins of the tympanal flaps ; rostrum reaching the
posterior coxae ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the first with eight
apical areas and the basal cell longer than broad.
a. Opercula in male with their outer and posterior margins
ohlique, their inner angles nearlg meeting.
1610. Aola bindusara, Bist. (Pomponia) Tr. E. S. 1881, p. 612; id.
Man. Oricmt. Cicad. p. 76, t. ix, f, 11, a, b (1891) ; Atkins.
J. A. S. Beng. liii, p. 228 (1885).
Body above pale ochraceous ; head with lateral anterior strise
i2
IIG
CICADIDiE,
and two discal spots to front, area of ocelli, and two transverse
fasciae on each lateral area of vertex black ; pronotum with two
central longitudinal fasciae united posteriorly (on each side of
which is a small curved discal fascia) and the incisures black ;
mesonotum with a central longitudinal fascia with a shorter and
oblique fascia on each side, followed bj a short linear spot on
Fig. 50. — Aoia hindusara.
anterior margin, a somewhat broken submarginal fascia, two
rounded spots in front of cruciform elevation, and a smaller spot
on each anterior branch of same, black ; abdomen somewhat
thickly palely pubescent, with a series of discal segmental
markings, two spots near lateral margins of fourth and fifth
segments, and a lateral segmental series of smaller spots black ;
body beneath and legs pale ochraceous, discal apical area of
abdomen black ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the first with the
transverse veins at bases of second and third apical areas slightly
infuscated.
Length excl. tegm., 5 ? 30 ; exp. tegm. 87 millim.
Hah. Burma ; Teinzo {Feci), Karen Hills (DoJierti/). Upper
Tenasserim (Coll. Dist.).
b. Opercida in male ivitli their outer and ^iosterior margins
ohlique, tJieir inner angles ivide apart.
1611. Aola SCitula, Dist. (Pomponia) Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xxvi,
p. 456 (1888) ; id. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 74, t. vii, f. 19, a, b
(1891).
Head and pronotum ochraceous or olivaceous ; head with
anterior striae and basal spot to front, area of ocelli, inner margins
of eyes and lateral margins of vertex black ; pronotum with two
central longitudinal fasciae united posteriorly (on each of which
is a short discal line), the incisures, lateral marginal areas, and
edges of posterior margin black ; mesonotum with a central longi-
tudinal fascia (on each side of which is a much shorter one,
followed by a short linear spot on anterior margin), a broad sub-
lateral fascia, and two rounded spots in front of the cruciform
elevation black ; abdomen above black, the posterior segmental
ONCOTYMPAXA. 117
margins and a short basal lateral fascia ou each side ocliraceous ;
head beneath, sternum, legs, and opercula ochraceous ; abdomen
beneath brownish-ochraceous, the base narrowing and the apex
broadly black ; inner area of eyes and striations to face black ;
tegmina and wings hyaline, the first with costal membrane and
basal venation ochraceous, remaining venation fuscous, transverse
veins at bases of second and third apical areas infuscated.
Length excl. tegm., cJ , 22 ; exp. tegm. 65 millim.
Hab. Assam ; Margherita (DoherU/). Burma ; Teinzo (i^c'rt).
Tenasserim ; Meetan {Feci).
Genus ONCOTYMPANA.
Oncotyrapana, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1870, p. 710.
Type, 0. pallidiventris, Stal, from the Philippines.
Distribution. Oriental Region, Malayana (apparently not east
of the Philippines), China and Japan.
Head (including eyes) nearly as wide or distinctly narrow'er
than base of mesonotum, its length about or nearly equal to space
between eyes ; pronotum considerably shorter than mesonotum,
its lateral margins a little convex, its posterior angles ampliated ;
mesonotum large, convex ; abdomen in male short, broad, about
as long as space between apex of head and base of cruciform
elevation ; tympanal coverings very globose and projecting beyond
the lateral abdominal margins ; opercula hi male short, transverse,
with their disks a little convex ; anterior femora spined beneath ;
• rostrum passing the posterior coxa3 ; tegmina and wings hyaline,
the first usually more or less maculate, apical areas eight, venation
normal.
A. Head {including ei/es) a little narrower than base of mesonotum.
a. Rostrum considerably passing the posterior coivce.
h. Opercula in mcde pale, unicolorous, inivardlg overlapping,
broadlij and regidarly convex posteriorly.
1612. Oncotympana obimbila, Dist. (Pomponia) A. M. N. H. (6) i,
p. 2m (1888j ; id. Man. Orient, dead. p. 81, t. vi, f. 10, a, b
(1891).
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum olivaceous ; head with lateral
strise to front, a transverse fascia between eyes (including area of
ocelli connected with posterior margin), blacR ; pronotum with a
broad black central fascia, widened anteriorly and posteriorly,
containing a central longitudinal broken ochraceous line, and
margined with pale olivaceous, the incisures, extreme lateral
margins, and a spot on posterior lateral margins black ; mesonotum
much suffused with black, as shown in figure ; abdomen black, the
tympanal coverings olivaceous, with their posterior and inner
margins black ; body beneath much shaded with black and finely
greyishly pilose ; opercula in male greyishly olivaceous ; tegmina
118
CICADIDiE.
and wings hyaline, the venation fuscous ; tegniina \Aith the
transverse veins at bases of second, third, fifth, seventh, and eighth
Fig. 51. — Oncoiyriipana ohnuhlla.
apical areas infuscated, and a marginal series of fuscous spots a
apices of longitudinal veins to apical areas.
Length exol. tegm., c? , 30 ; exp. tegm. 110 millim.
Hah. Simla {Tnd. 3Ins.). Tehri-Garwhal {Macl-'innon).
" In moss on oak-trees " (Madinnon).
B. Head (including eyes) about as vjide as base of mesonotimi.
a', liostrum consider ahlij passinri the posterior coerce.
b', Opercula blade, unicoloroiis, inivardhj overlapphig, hroadhj
and regularly convex posteriorly.
1613. Oncotynipana expansa. Walk. (Carineta) Ins. Saund., Horn.
p. 26 (1858) ; iitdl ( Pompouia), Berl. ent. Zeit. x, p. 171 (1866) ;
Atkins. J. A. 8. Beng. Iv, p. 176 (1886); Dist. Mon. Orient.
p. 26 (1858)
Atkins. J. J
dead. p. 79, t. V, f. 13, a, b (l891).
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum greenish-ochraceous ; head
with lateral strice to front, area of ocelli, an oblique broken fascia
between ocelli and outer margin of vertex, and a spot at inner
margins of eyes black ; pronotum with two central angulated
longitudinal fascige united posteriorly, on each side of which is a
short curved discal spot, the incisures and a spot ou lateral margins
black ; mesonotum with two black-margiued central obcouical
spots, their bases black, ou each side of which is a small anterior
spot, a broad curved and broken sublateral fascia, a large angulated
spot in front of cruciform elevation, which has two small discal
spots and its anterior angles blacli ; abdomen greenish-ochraceous,
much shaded with black, the apical third and the tympanal
coverings almost wholly black ; head beneath, sternum, and legs
greenish-ochraceous, the opercula and abdomen black ; abdomen
with a marginal ochraceous fascia near apices of opercula ; trans-
MATA. 119
verse striae to face, a line between face and e^^es, inner margins of
eyes, outer margins of prosternum, a central line to rostrum and
its apex, spots to coxae and trochanters, linear streaks to femora,
and the apices of tibiae black ; tegmina and wings hyaline, venation
alternately ochraceous and fuscous ; tegmina with the transverse
veins at bases of second, third, fifth, and seventh apical areas
infuscated, and a marginal sei'ies of small fuscous spots near apices
of longitudinal veins to apical areas.
Length excl. tegm., d , 26 ; exp. tegm. 88 millim.
Hah. Sikhim {Ind. Mus.). Eastern Himalayas {Coll. Dist.).
a^. Rostrum reaching third abdominal segment.
\y. Opercula piceous, not quite meeting inwardly, posterior and
lateral margins convex.
1614. Oncotympana melanoptera, Dist. (Pompouia) Tr. E. S. 1904,
p. 672, pi. XXX, f. 3, a, b.
Head, prouotum, and mesonotuin olivaceous-green ; head with
the anterior margin and a basal triangular spot to front, some
reticulate lateral markings to vertex, and the area of ocelli black ;
pronotum with the basal and lateral margins dull ochraceous,
with two central longitudinal waved black fasciae, widened on
anterior margin and united posteriorly, on each side of these are
two oblique purplisli spots and some black marks on the lateral
areas ; mesonotum with two sets of central obconical spots arranged
in pairs, a longer obconical spot on each side, four anterior
marginal spots, and a central lateral and apical spot black ;
cruciform elevation with its apical angles black ; abdomen black,
a few obscure ochraceous spots above, and in the male with the
anterior margin of the second abdominal segment and a spot on
each side of anal segment white ; sternum, rostrum, and legs
olivaceous ; transverse marginal striae to face black ; opercula
piceous ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the first with the costal
membrane and basal venation olivaceous, remaining venation
fuscous, transverse veins at bases of second, third, fifth, and seventh
apical areas infuscated, and a submarginal series of small fuscous
spots near apices of longitudinal veins to apical areas.
Length excl. tegm., S & $ , 20 ; exp. tegm. 68 to 70 millim.
Rah. Mussooree {MacKinnon).
Genus MATA, no v.
Type, M. Jcama, Dist.
Distribution. British India. Java.
Head (including eyes) about as wide as base of mesonotum,
distinctly shorter than space between eyes ; prouotum shorter
than mesonotum, its lateral margins a little convex, sinuate
before the posterior lateral angles, which are moderately lobately
produced ; abdomen in male short, about as long as space between
120
CICADIDJE.
apex of bead and base of cruciform elevation ; tympanal orifices
completely covered, tympanal coverings with their outer margins
sinuate, the posterior angles only projecting beyond tbe lateral
margins of the abdomen ; metasternum prolonged in a broad,
oblong, laminate process between the opercula, which are short,
transverse, and not extending beyond the base of abdomen, their
lateral margins visible from above ; rostrum reaching the posterior
coxas ; anterior femora spined beneath ; tegmina and wings
hyaline, maculate ; tegmina very long and narrow, more than
three times longer than broad, with eight apical areas and the
basal cell longer than broad ; wings with six apical areas.
1615. Mata kama, Bist. (Pomponia) Tr.E. S. 1881, p. 643; id. Moii
Orie?it. Clcad. p. 78, t. vi, f. 12, a, b, (1891).
Head, pronotom, and mesonotum greenish ; head with the lateral
margins of front, area of ocelli (from which two lines proceed to
posterior margin of vertex), and two transverse lines on its lateral
margins black ; pronotum with two central longitudinal much-
angulated fasciae, between which the colour is ochraceous, followed
on each side by a short diseal carved line, and some of the
incisures black, an oblique fuscous spot on lateral margins, posterior
margin narrowly edged with black ; mesonotum with two black-
margined obconical spots, a central lanceolate spot, and a linear
angulate fascia in front of each anterior angle of cruciform eleva-
tion black ; abdomen castaneous : tympanal coverings pale green,
fuscous anteriorly, and cretaceous white near lateral margins ;
body beneatli with the head, sternum, and opercula more or less
greenish, abdomen castaneous ; central area to face and apex of
rostrum black ; tegmina and wings hyaline, venation fuscous ;
tegmina with the transverse veins at bases of second, third, fifth,
and seventh apical areas infuscated, and a marginal series of
fuscous spots at apices of longitudinal veins to apical areas.
Length excl. tegra., J , 18 ; exp. tegm. i^Q millim.
Hah. Darjiling {CoU. Dist.). Mungphu {Coll Atkinson). — Java.
Division LAHUGADARIA.
Lahugadaria, Dist. A. M. N. H. (7) xv, p. 304 (1905).
In this division the lateral margins of the pronotum are not
dentate; the tympana are completely covered, the tympanal flaps
LAHUGADA.
121
broader tliau long ; the opercula in the male are short, somewhat
globose, wider than abdominal margins, and distinctly visible
from above ; metanotum strongly exposed behind the cruciform
elevation, and angularly excavated to receive the apex of the basal
abdominal segment.
At present I can only include the following genus.
Genus LAHUGADA.
Lahugada, Bist. A. M. N. H. (7) xv, p. 304 (1905).
Type, L. dohertyi, Dist.
Distribution. At present known only from Assam.
Head (including eyes) considerably narrower than base of
mesouotum, its length about equal to space between eyes, its
lateral margins discontinuous, the lateral margins of front
being almost at right angles to those of vertex ; pronotum
almost as long as mesonotum, narrowed anteriorly, the poste-
rior angles prominent and rounded ; metanotum strongly exposed
behind the cruciform elevation, angularly excavated to receive the
apex of the basal abdominal segment; abdomen considerably
longer than space between apex of front and base of cruci-
form elevation ; tympana completely covered, tympanal coverings
broader than long and transversely rugulose ; opercula short,
somewhat globose, wider than abdominal margins, and distinctly
visible from above ; rostrum about reaching the posterior coxae ;
tegmina and wings hyaline, the first with eight apical areas and
the basal cell longer than broad.
161G, Lahugada dohertyi, Dist. (Pompoiiia) Mon. Orient, dead
p. 77, t. xiii, f. 9, a, h (1891).
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum dark ochraceous ; abdomen
pale castaneous ; head with the eyes fuscous, the area of the ocelli
Fig. 53. — Lahugada dohertyi.
and lateral mai'gius of vertex infuscated ; pronotum with a
subobsolete central fascia, with a dark spot at base and apex, a
short discal fuscous streak on each side, the incisures and outer
122 CICADIDiE.
margins also iufuscated ; ruesonotum with two small central
obconical spots, some subobsolete fasciae on each side, and with
two small blackish spots in front of the cruciform elevation, the
centre of which is dark fuscous ; body beneath and legs dark
ochraceous ; apex of rostrum and tarsal claws fuscous ; apical area
of abdomen castaneous ; tegmiua and wings hyahne, with a shght
bronzy tinge and unspotted, the venation darlv ochraceous.
Length escl. tegm., d" , 27 ; exp. tegm. 75 milHm.
Eab. Assam ; Margherita (Dohertij).
Subfamily II. G^I^ANIN^.
Gfeanina?, Disf. A. M. N. H. (7) xv, p. 304 (1905) ; id. ante, p. 57.
This subfamily includes a number of genera in which the tympanal
orifices are more or less exposed, the tympanal coverings being
always present, but in a more or less incomplete condition.
Division CICADATRARIA.
Cicadiitraiia, Uist. A. M. N. H. (7) xv, p. 304 (1905).
In this division the tympanal coverings are rounded anteriorly,
not angulate, and either comi)letely covering the orifices anteriorly
and exposing them interiorly or the reverse, or smaller, exposing
them both anteriorly and interiorly ; the lateral margins of the
pronotum are not convexly ampliate nor medially angulate ; the
tegmiua and wiugs are hyaline, sometimes maculate.
The genera composing this division are confined to the Eastern
Hemisphere.
Stjnojisis of Genera.
1. Abdomen in c? not tubeiculate beneath.
A. Tympanal coverings narrower, but scarcely
shorter tlian tympanal cavities,
a. Head abont as long as pronotum ; lateral
margins of pronotum straight, not
ampliate E.mathia, p. 123.
B. Tympanal coverings both narrower and
shorter than tympanal cavities.
a. Wings with live apical areas Rustia, p. 1'2-i.
b. Wings with six apical areas.
a. Opercula in J short and transverse, not
or scarcely extending beyond base of
abdomen.
a'. Head more or less deflected anteriorly,
front not prominent.
a-. Pronotum distinctly shorter than
mesonotimi.
b'. Length of head about equal to
breadth between eyes ; abdo-
men in c5' longer than space
between apex of head and base
of cruciform elevation.
EMATHIA. 123
c. Greatest widtli of tegmina
only one-third of length,
broader than wings TERrxosiA, p. 126.
d. Greatest width of tegmina
considerably more than one-
third of length, but scarcely
broader than wings Sena, p. 134.
b-. Length of head less than width
between eyes ; abdomen in S
about as long as space between
apex of head and base of
cruciform elevation Cicadatra, p. 1-32.
h. Opercula in c? short but well developed,
at least reaching apex of second or
base of third abdominal segment .... Khimbya, p. 139.
bb. Opercula in S extending beyond the
middle of abdomen.
aa' . Head not deflected anteriorly, the
front very prominent.
aa'-. Pronotum as long as mesonotum. Lethama, p, 142.
C. Tympanal coverings shorter, but not narrower
than tympanal cavities; head with the front
prominent, its lateral margins at riglit
angles Avith anterior margins of vertex. . . . Basa, p. 143.
Abdomen in c5' tuberculate beneath on the
second and third abdominal segments.
a. Head about as long as half the width
between eyes ; wings with six apical
areas Calcagmnus, p. 137.
b. Head as long as width between eyes ; wings
with five apical areas Guuaba, p. 138.
Genus EMATHIA.
Emathia, Stal, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 8 (1866) ; Bist. Mon. Orient, dead.
p. 133 (1892).
Type, E. ivfirota, Stal.
Distribution. India.
Head about as long as pronotum, including- eyes about as wide
as base of mesonotum, vertex longer than front, its lateral margins
discontinuous, that of vertex not in line with that of front ;
pronotum a little shorter than mesonotum, its lateral margins
straight, not am pliate, its posterior angles moderately ampliated ;
mesonotum with the disk convex ; abdomen short, about as long
as space between apex of head and base of cruciform elevation ;
tympanal coverings incomplete, narrower but scarcely shorter
than the the tympanal cavities, which are thus inwardly exposed ;
rostrum almost reaching the posterior coxse ; opercula in male
small, narrow, not extending beyond basal abdominal segment ;
anterior femora strongly spined beneath ; tegmina and wings
hyaline, the first with eight apical areas and the basal cell not
twice as long as broad.
124
CICADID.'E.
Em a th let esq rot a.
1617. Emathia aegrota, <Sya/, Berl. etit. Zeit. 1866, p. 172; Atkins.
J. A. >S. Bear/, liii, p. 229 (1885) ; Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad.
p. 133, t. xii/f. 3, «, b (189->).
Tibiceii aureiigzebe, Bid. Tr. E. S. 1881, p. 646; Atkins. J
A. S. Beng. liii. p. 231 (1884).
Body above dull dark ocliraceous ; head with narrow marginal
striae to front and the
margins of ocelli black ; pro-
notum with a central longi-
tudinal sulcation, on each
side of which is a small fus-
cous spot at anterior mar-
gin, and behind which is a
fuscous spot on posterior
margin, the incisures also
fuscous ; mesonotum with
two short central obconical spots, a long sublateral and somewhat
broken fascia on each side, and two small spots in front of
cruciform elevation piceous ; abdomen with the posterior segmental
margins narrowly and obscurely paler ; body beneath and legs
concolorous with upper surface ; centre of face, metasternum,
disk and apex of abdomen, streaks to femora, bases and apices of
tibiae, and apical joints of tarsi fuscous ; tegmina and wings hyaline ;
tegmina with costal membrane and basal half of venation ochra-
ceous, remaining venation fuscous, transverse veins at bases of
second and third apical areas apical transverse vein to radial area,
and apical vein to lower ulnar area more or less infuscated, and
usually a small subapical fuscous spot ; wings with the transverse
vein at base of upper apical area and the margins of abdominal area
infuscated.
Length excl. tegm., c? , 18 ; exp. tegm. 48 millim.
Hah. Bombay {Dixon), Khandala {Coll. Dist.).
Genus RUSTIA.
Ptustia, Sta/, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 8 (1866) ; Bist. Mon. Orient. Cicad.
p. 125 (1892).
Type, R. dentivitta. Walk.
Distribution. Oriental Region.
Head a little shorter than pronotum, including eyes about as
wide as base of mesonotum, its lateral margins discontinuous,
lateral margins of vertex not iu line with those of front, the
vertical angles globosely produced, eyes somewhat pedunculate,
ocelli much farther apart from eyes than from each other ; pronotum
as long as mesonotum, its lateral margins nearly straight, a little
sinuate, its posterior angles slightly recurved ; abdomen longer
than space between apex of head and base of cruciform elevation ;
tympanal coverings very small, both narrower and shorter than
the tympanal cavities ; opercula in male very small, not covering
the cavities ; rostrum reaching the posterior coxae ; anterior femora
BUSTIA. 125
spiued beneath ; tegmina and wings hyaline ; tegmina with the
basal cell much longer than broad, apical areas eight, wings with
five apical areas.
a. Rostrum reaching the posterior coxce.
161S. Eustia dentivitta. Walk. (Cicada) Joum. Ent. i, p. 304 (1862);
Dist. Man. Orient, dead. p. 125, t. viii, f. 14, a, h (1892).
Paistia pedimculata, Stdl, Berl. ent. Zeit. p. 383 (1866).
Tar. amussitata.
Tibicen amussitatus, Dist. A. M. N. H. (6) i, p. 373 (1888) ; id.
(Rustia) Mon. Orient. Cicud. p. 126, t. xii, f. 16, a, b (1892).
Body and legs brownish-ochraceous ; head with a fascia on each
side of front, two central longitu-
dinal spots to vertex, a spot at inner
margins of eyes, and the anterior
angles of vertex black ; pronotum
with two central longitudinal fascite
(on each side of which is an oblique
^Yxg.hb.-Iiudladcntimtta. J^f^f) ^^^ the sublateral margin
black ; mesonotum with two cen-
trally united obconical spots and a curved fascia on each lateral
area black ; abdomen with a faint central longitudinal fascia, and
the apex above and beneath, more or less blackish ; tegmina and
wings hyaline ; tegmina with the venation, costal membrane,
and a series of large marginal spots (sometimes united) on the
longitudinal veins to apical areas fuscous.
Var. amussiiata. Tegmina almost unspotted, or with only faint
traces of the marginal spots ; sometimes with a single apical
spot.
Length excl. tegm., c? & $ , 12 to 14 ; exp. tegm. 32 to 40 millim.
Hab. Mussooree (JIacLinnon). Assam ; Margherita (DoJiertij).
Burma; B^angoon {CoU. Dist.). — Siam. Cambodia.
b. Rostrum just iKissing the intermediate coxai.
1619. Rustia tigrina. Did. (Tibicen) A. M. N. H. (6) ii, p. 325 (1888);
id. (Rustia) Mon. Orient, dead. p. 126, t, xiv, f. 19, a, b (1892).
Ochi'aceous ; a transverse fascia between the eyes, a broad
marginal fascia to pro- and mesonota, a spot on each side of
cruciform elevation, and two longitudinal dorsal fasciae to abdomen
dark castaneous or piceous ; body beneath and legs ochraceous ;
apex of abdomen spotted \\\i\\ black ; tegmina and wings hyaline,
the first with the costal membrane and basal venation ochraceous,
remaining venation and au apical spot fuscous ; \\ings with the
venation fuscous.
Length excl. tegm.,- J , 13 ; exp, tegm. 31 millim.
Hah. Kuliuur {Coll. Atkinson).
126
CICADID^.
Genus TERPNOSIA.
Terpnosia, Dist. A. M. N. H. (6) ix, p.
Orient. Cicad. p. 138 (1892).
325 (note) (1892) ; id. Mon.
Type, T. psecas, Walk.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Eegions, China and Japan.
Head about as long as breadth between eyes, deflected anteriorly,
front not prominent ; prouotum distinctly shorter than mesonotum,
its lateral margins sinuate, with the posterior angles moderately
lobately produced ; abdomen in male longer than space between
apex of head and base of cruciform elevation ; tympanal coverings
both narrower and shorter tlian tympanal cavities ; opercula in
male short and transverse, usually not or scarcely extending beyond
base of abdomen* ; anterior femora spined beneath ; tegmina and
wings hyaline, the first usually more or less maculate, with eight
apical areas, and the basal cell longer than broad ; wings with six
apical areas.
A. Opercula in male not extendinrj beyond base of abdomen.
a. Tegmina more or less maculate and with marginal sp)Ots.
a. Tipnj^anal coverings more than half as long as tympanal orifices ;
opercida in male ivith their posterior margins moderately
convex.
1620. Terpnosia psecas, Wall:. (Banduhiei) List Horn, i, p. 65 (1850).
Poniponia elegaiis, Kirby, J. Linn. Soc, Zool. xxiv, p. 130 (1891).
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum brownish-olivaceous ; head
Fig. 56. — Terpnosia psecas.
with the front, area of ocelli, from which a fascia converges to
lateral margins of vertex, dark castaneous ; pronotum with two
Except in T. Qnacidipcs and T. gancsa.
TERPlSrOSIA. 127
central longitudinal black fascia? broadly dilated posteriorly, on
each side of these fascia? and on the lateral and posterior nlai-gnis
the colour is considerably paler, and the last is marked with three
black spots ; mesonotum with a central lanceolate fascia, on each
side of which is an obconical spot, other discal markings, and the
]atera,l margins black ; abdomen above dark castaneous ; tympanal
coverings and large irregular segmental spots on each side greyish-
green ; head, sternum, and legs greyish-green mottled with dark
castaneous ; opercula greyish-green with their extreme margins
black ; abdomen beneath shining greyish-green, the segmental
margins dark castaneous ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the first
with a slight bronzy tint, the venation somewhat alternately
fuscous or ochraceous, costal membrane brown, basal cell ochra-
ceous, transverse veins at bases of first to fifth and seventh and
eighth apical areas broadly infnscated, and a marginal series of
fuscous spots at apices of longitudinal veins to apical areas.
Length excl. tegm., c? , 35 ; exp. tegm. 88 millim.
Hah. Ceylon {Green). — Java {Brit. Mus.).
a'. Tympanal coverings less than half the length of tgmpanal orifices ;
opercida in male with their lateral and posterior ma^-gins more
or less oblique.
1621. Terpnosia stipata, Walh. (Dimdubia) i?s^ Ham. i, p. 51(]850) ;
Dist. (Terpnosia) 3Ion. Orietit. Cicad. p. 139, t. xv, f. 6, a, b
(1892).
Dundubia clonia, Walk. List Horn, i, p. 66 (1850).
Body above greenish-ochraceous ; head with the margins of
front and apical angles of vertex fuscous, area of ocelli, an oblique
fascia on each side, and an small spot at inner margins of eves
black or piceous ; pronotum with two central fascias united pos-
teriorly, the incisures, a spot on lateral margins, extreme edo-e of
posterior margin, and a spot on each side of same black ; meso-
notum with a central linear fascia, on each side of which is a much
shofter one, followed by a small obconical spot, a sinuated sub-
lateral fascia, two small spots in front of cruciform elevation, and
the angles of same black ; abdomen with the posterior segmental
margins, a broad central dorsal fascia, and macular lateral fasciiB
very dark fuscous, extreme aj^ex greyish-white ; body beneath and
legs pale greenish, the abdomen beneath talc-like and semi-
transparent ; a few sternal spots, the anterior femoral spines, and
the tarsi more or less fuscous ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the
venation fuscous or ochraceous ; tegmina with the costal mem-
brane ochraceous, the transverse veins at bases of second, third
and fifth apical areas moderately infuscated, and a marginal series
of small fuscous spots situate on the longitudinal veins to apical
areas.
Length excl. tegm., S 33, $ 22 ; exp. tegm., J SO, $ 70 millim.
Hah. Ceylon ; Kitagala {Green).
128 CICADID^.
cr. Tympanal coverinr/s very small and rudimentary ; opercula in
male with their anterior and posterior margins convexly rounded.
1622. Terpnosia confusa, Dist. A. M. N. H. (7) xv, p. 306 (1905).
Body above castaneous-brown, finely greyish pilose ; pronotiira
with the centre o£ the posterior margin (excluding a medial spot),
the apices of the lateral margins, and two central curved fasciae
pale greenish ; mesonotum with the anterior lateral margins pale
greenish, the margins of two obscure anterior obconical spots and
the anterior angles of tlie cruciform elevation ochraceous ; posterior
maro-ins of the abdominal segments narrowly fuscous ; body
beneath considerably paler in hue than above ; opercula broad,
transverse, convexly rounded posteriorly, not quite reaching basal
segment of abdomen ; rostrum just reaching basal abdominal
segment. Tegmina and wings hyaline, the veins brown or brownish-
ochraceous ; tegmina with a slight greenish suffusion, a curved
series of about four small fuscous spots extending from base of
second ulnar area to inner margin, the bases of the two upper
apical areas a little infuscated, and a narrow elongate fuscous spot
at apices of the longitudinal veins to apical areas. Tympanal
covering very small, the greater part of the tympana being exposed.
Length excl. tegm., d , 35 ; exp. tegm. 87 millim.
Hah. "India" {Brit. Mas.); Sikhim (Coll. Dist.).
This is the species figured in my Mon. Orient. Cicad. (tab. vii,
. 21) as 2\ psecas. Walk.
a^. Tympanal coverings more than half us long as tympanal orifices ;
opercida in male ivith their lateral and j^osterior margins oblique ;
marginal spots to tegmina sometimes absent.
1623. Terpnosia ransonetti, Dist. (Pompouia) A. M. N. H. (6) i,
p. 37:^ (1888) ; id. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 72, t. vii, f. 20, a,
(1890).
Pomponia greeni, Kirby, J. Linn. Soc, Zool. xxiv, j). 129, t. v,
f. 11 (1891).
Head and thorax above ochraceous ; head with two converging
lines to front, the anterior ai'ea of vertex (enclosing ocelli), the
hinder margins of eyes, and a small spot at that region black ;
pronotum with two central longitudinal lines united anteriorly
and posteriorly (on each side of which is a curved discal spot) and
the incisures black ; mesonotum with a central longitudinal fascia
widened at base into a large crescentic spot in front of basal
cruciform elevation, on each side of this at anterior margin is a
short curved fascia, followed by a marginal spot, a broad sublateral
fascia, and an oblique spot on each lateral margin, black ; abdomen
above brownish-ochraceous and pilose, the segmental margins
narrowly piceous ; head beneath, sternum, and legs ochraceous ;
an oval fascia on face, a transverse spot between face and eyes,
posterior margin of head, a transverse spot on mesosternum, apices
TERPNOSIA. 129
of femora and bases of tibiae black ; abdomen beneath brownish-
oehraceous, its base and apex piceous ; tegmina and wings hyaline,
with a pale creainy-bluo tint, venation castaneous or fuscous ;
teginina with a small ochraceous spot at base of upper ulnar area,
transverse veins at bases of second, third, fifth, and seventh apical
areas infuscated, and a marginal series of small fuscous spots at
apices of longitudinal veins to apical areas.
Length excl. tegra., J , 22 ; exp. tegm. 59 millim.
Hah. MvLSsoove'd {Maclcinmn). Ceylon {Green) -^ Colombo (Jnt?.
Mus.).
In some varieties of this species the marginal tegminal spots
are absent.
b. Tegmina iviihout marginal sjjots.
h. Tympanal coverings not more than a third of the length of
tympanal orifices ; opercula in male with their outer margins
convexly oblique, posterior margins obliquely truncate.
1624. Terpnosia clio, Walk. (Dundubia) List Horn. \, p. 73 (1850) ;
Dist. (Terpuosia) Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 141, t. ix, f. 5, a, b
(1892).
Head and thorax above greenish-ochraceous ; head with two
central apical spots to front, a spot at anterior angles of vertex,
and the area of the ocelli black ; pronotum with two central
linear fasciae, almost united posteriorly, und the incisures black ;
mesonotum with a central longitudinal lanceolate fascia, with a
short curved fascia on each side, a broken sublateral fascia, and
two small spots in front of cruciform elevation black ; abdomen
ochraceous, the segmental margins green, lateral margins pale
ochraceous, anterior margins of the short tympanal flaps black ;
legs, sternum, and opercula greenish-ochraceous ; striations to face,
a spot between face and eyes, basal and apical annulations to
anterior and intermediate femora and tibiae, apices of tarsi, apex
of rostrum, and basal fascia to the opercula dark castaneous or
piceous ; abdomen beneath pale ochraceous, its base, apical seg-
ment, and anal appendage black ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the
venation ochraceous or fuscous ; tegmina with the costal membrane
greenish, transverse veins at bases of second, third, and fifth
apical areas iufuscated, a black spot at basal angle of upper ulnar
area.
Length excl. tegm., c5' , 19 ; exp. tegm. 50 millim.
Hab. Sikhim {Coll. Dist.). Mussooree {Maclcinnon). Burma ;
Karennee {Fea). Tenasserim ; M. Mooleyit {Fea).
V . Tympanal coverings not more than a third of the length of tympanal
orifices ; opercida in male with their margins obliquely rounded.
1625. Terpnosia abdullah, Dist. Tr. K S. 1904, p. 676, pi. xxx,
f. 7, a, b.
YOL. III. K
130 cicadibji;.
Body pale ochraceous, with the following black markings, viz.
two small anterior spots and a spot at each basal angle to front,
the area of the ocelli, and a line at inner margins of eyes ; two
central longitudinal lines and the incisures to pronotum ; a central
line (much widened medially), on each side of this an anterior
curved line, followed by two angulated spots and a large lateral
curved spot to n)esonotum, and a small rounded spot in front of
anterior angles of the basal cruciform elevation ; lateral margins
of first and an oblique marginal spot to second abdominal segment,
transverse spots to face, apices of femora, bi-annulations to tibia&
and tarsi, and base and apex of abdomen beneath. Tegmina and
wings pale hyaline, the venation ochraceous ; the first with a black
spot at base of upper ulnar area, and the transverse veins at the
bases of the two upper apical areas, infuscated ; opercula small
and obliquely rounded ; rostrum reaching the posterior coxae.
Length excl. tegm., S ,16 ; esp. tegm. 46 millim.
Rah. N.AV. India and Sikhim {Brit. Mns.). — Malay Peninsula ;
Pahung (Craddocl-).
c. T'ex/viina completely unspotted.
c. l^jmpanal coverings very small and rudimentary; opercula in
male narroiv and oblique.
1626. Terpnosia madhava, Dist. (Pomponia) Tr. E. S. 1881, p. 644;
Atkins. J. A. S. L'enff. liii, p. 229 (1885) ; Dist. (Terpnosia)
Mon. Orient, dead. p. 141, t. ix, f. 2, a,b (1892).
Body above pale greenish ; abdomen on each side with a lateral
series of three largo oblong spots only denoted by their darker
green margins, and placed on the second, third, and fourth seg-
ments, segmental margins narrowly dark greenish, abdominal apex
greyishly tomentose ; mesonotum with two faint obconical spots ;
ocelli red ; eyes fuscous ; body beneath pale green ; legs and
rostrum pale ochraceous ; tegmina and \\'ings hyaline, the venation
ochraceous or greenish-ochraceous ; tegmina with the costal
membrane pale greenish.
Length excl. tegm,, (5 , 22 ; exp. tegm, 55 millim,
Hab. Assam {Coll. Dist.).
c. Tympanal coverings very small and rudimentary ; operctda in
male transverse, tlieir posterior margins suhtruncate.
1627. Terpnosia coUina, Dist. (Pomponia) A. M. N. H. (6) i, p. 371
(1888); id. (Terpnosia) Mon. Orie?it. Cicad. p. 142, t, vii,
f. 12, a, 6 (1892).
Body above brownish-ochraceous ; head with the margins of
front and the vertex much suffused with black ; pronotum with
two central longitudinal fascia?, on each side of which is a curved
linear spot, and the incisures black ; mesonotum with a central
longitudinal fascia widened anteriorly and posteriorly, ou each
TEEPNOSIA. 131
side of this a short curved fascia, a siiblateral fascia, and two
small spots in front of cruciform elevation black ; abdomen with
the segmental margins somewhat broadly black ; sternum, opereula,
and legs ochraceous ; abdomen beneath brownish-ochraceous; head
(excluding face) blackish ; bases of tibiae, the tarsi, and basal seg-
ment of abdomen fuscous ; apical abdominal segment somewhat
infuscated ; tegmina and wings hyaline, venation fuscous or
ochraceous, the first with the costal membrane ochraceous.
Length excl. tegm., d" , IB to 17 ; exp. tegm. 47 to 54 millim.
Hah. Assam ; Khasi Hills {Iml. Mns.). Burma : Ruby Mines
(Doherfi/).
B. Opereula in male extending beyond base of abdomen, their inner
margins oblique, apices rounded and situate on lateral abdominal
margins.
1G28, Terpnosia maculipes. Walk. (Dundubia) List Ham. i, p. 70
(1850) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beiuj. liii, p. 224 (1865) ; Dist. (Terp-
nosia) Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 140, t. xv, f. 7,a,b (1892).
Body above dull ochraceous ; head with marginal lines to front,
linear spots at anterior angles of vertex, area of ocelli, and a small
spot between ocelli and eyes black ; pronotum with two central
linear fascise (united posteriorly) and the incisures black ; meso-
notum with a central longitudinal fascia, on each side of which is
a short carved fascia, followed by a small anterior marginal spot,
a broken macular sublateral fascia, and two spots in front of
cruciform elevation black ; abdomen pilose, with the small tym-
panal coverings, narrow segmental margins, and lateral segmental
marginal spots black ; body beneath and legs ochraceous ; coxal
spots, spots near bases and apices of femora, spines to anterior
femora, subbasal and subapical annulations to anterior and inter-
mediate tibiae, apices of tarsi, apex of rostrum, and striations to
face dark castaneous or fuscous ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the
venation fuscous or ochraceous ; tegmina with the costal membrane
ochraceous, the transverse veins at bases of second, third, fifth,
and seventli apical areas palely infuscated, a series of small fuscous
marginal spots near apices of longitudinal veins to apical arear,
and a fuscous spot at basal angle of upper ulnar area.
Length excl. tegm., c?, 28; exp. tegm. 77 milhm.
Hah. North Bengal {Miss Campbell, Brit. Mus.). Mussooree
(^MacTcinnon).
1629. Terpnosia ganesa, Dist. Tr. E. S. 1904, p. 675, pi. xxx,
f. 6, a, b.
Body above brownish-olivaceous ; head with margins of front
and area of ocelli, on each side of which is an obhque line, black ;
pronotum with two central longitudinal fasciae, with a spot on
each side of same, and the incisures black ; mesonotum with two
k2
132 CICADID^.
anterior obconical spots, a straight longitudinal fascia continued
from between them, a spot at each anterior angle of the basal
cruciform elevation, and a broad continuous sublateral fascia pre-
ceded by a small spot on anterior margin black ; abdomen above
irregularly greyishly pilose, the extreme margins of the first and
second segments, a central longitudinal spot on first segment,
broad discal fascia to third segment, two small central spots on
fourth, fifth, and sixth segments, and lateral marginal spots black;
body beneath and legs ochraceous, central fascia to face and the
rostrum stramineous ; apical spots to coxae, and basal and apical
annulatious to femora and tibite, black ; tegmina and wings hya-
line, venation fuscous or ochraceous, the tegmina spotted at apices
of ulnar and apical areas ; rostrum passing the posterior coxse ;
opercula oblique, not reaching apex of second abdominal segment
and not meeting inwardly.
Length excl. tegm., rT , 26 ; exp. tegm. 70 millim.
Hah. Mussooree (MacJcinnon).
This species is allied to T. maculijyes, from which it differs by
the shorter, broader, and more darkly marked abdomen.
Genus CICADATRA.
Cicudatra, Anu/ot, An7i. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1847, p. 153 [349], f. 62;
Fieb. Rev. Mag. Zool (3) iv, p. 42 (1876) ; Dist. Mon. Orient.
Cicad. p. 133 (1892).
Cicada, subgen. Cicadatra, Kolenat. Melet. Entomol. p. 9 (1857).
Tettigia, subgeii. Cicadatra, Stal, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1861, p. 617.
Type, C. atra. Oliv., a Palaearctic species.
Distrihution. Palaearctic, just entering British India.
Head (including eyes) narrower than base of mesonotum, its
length less than width between eyes, but about as long as pro-
notum ; pronotum much shorter than mesonotum, its lateral
margins more or less obliquely straight, its posterior lateral angles
a little ampliated ; mesonotum convex ; abdomen in male as long
as space between apex of head and base of cruciform elevation ;
tympanal coverings both narrower and shorter than tympanal
orifices ; opercula in male short aud transverse, not extending
beyond the base of abdomen ; anterior femora spined beneath ;
tegmina and wings hyaline, the first sometimes a little maculate,
its greatest width more than a third of length, apical areas eight ;
wings with six apical areas.
A. Tef/mina and luings immaculate.
1630. Cicadatra sankana, Dist. (Tibicen) Tr. E. S. 1904, p. 675,
pi. XXX, f. 8, a, b.
S . Head black, anterior margins and three small basal spots
ochraceous, eyes and ocelli castaneous ; pronotum castaneous,
lateral and posterior margins and two central spots, both on
CICAIJATRA.
133
imterior and posterior margins (divided by a pale ochraceous line),
black ; mesonotum and basal cruciform elevation black, the first with
lateral margins and two anterior obconical spots only delineated by
their margins ochraceous ; abdomen castaneous, greyishly pilose,
Fig. 57. — Cicadatra sankana.
the base and a central longitudinal fascia black ; head beneath,
sternum, and legs ochraceous ; abdomen beneath castaneous ;
tegmina and wings hyaline, the venation fuscous or ochraceous,
their bases narrowly ochraceous ; wings with a small fuscous
marginal spot near abdominal area ; rostrum scarcely extending
beyond the anterior coxae.
$ . Body much darker in hue than in S ; lateral margins of
abdomen beneath obscurely piceous.
Length excl. tegm,, S 18, § 20 ; exp. tegm., S -17, $ 52
millim.
Hah, Chamasari, 5000 ft. {MacKinnon). — Baluchistan, Ormarah
{Gumming, Brit. 3Ius.).
B. Tegmina more or less maculate.
a. Transverse veins at bases of second and third aj'ical areas of
tegmina infuscated.
1631.
Cicadatra xantes, Walk. (Cicada) List Horn. I, p. 198 (18o0) ;
Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. liii, p. 230 (1885) ; Stdl (Cicadatra), Ofv.
Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1862, p. 485 ; Dist. Man. Orient. Cicad. p. 135,
t. XV, f. l,a,b (1892).
Cicada subvenosa, Walk. Ins. Saund., Horn. p. 18 (1858).
Body above ochraceous, rather thickly and shortly pilose ; head
with the front castaneous, and with an irregular black spot near
the inner margins of eyes ; pronotum with two central longitudinal
fasciae, on each side of which is a small spot, and a small central
spot on posterior margin black ; mesonotum with four obconical
black spots, the outer ones longest and sublateral ; abdomen very
thickly greyishly pilose ; body beneath and legs ochraceous ;
tegmina and wings hyaline and somewhat talc-like in appearance,
the venation ochraceous ; tegmina with the costal membrane and
extreme base ochraceous, the transverse veins at bases of second
and third apical areas palely infuscated.
Length excl. tegm., c?, 17 ; exp. tegm. 50 millim.
Hah. "North India" {Warwich, Brit. Mus.). Peshawur {Wat-
son). " Ind. orient." {Coll. Dist.).
134 cicADiD.i:.
b. Transverse veins at bases of second and third ajiical areas of
tegmhia, and at base of upper apical area to ivings, infuscated.
1632. Cicadatra striata, IFalk. (Cicada) List Horn, i, p. 206 (1850) ;
Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1862, p. 482 ; Bist. (Cicadatra)
Mu?i. Orient. Cicad. p. 135, t. xv, f. 2,«, b (1892).
Cicada anoea, Walk. List Horn, i, p. 207 (1860).
S. Head blackish, a spot at anterior angles of vertex and a
smaller one behind each eye ochraceous ; pronotum dull ochra-
ceous with a pale central longitudinal fascia margined with black,
the sublateral and subposterior margins and the incisures black ;
mesonotum ochraceous, with four obcoiiical spots, the outermost
of which are longest and sublateral, a large spot in front of
cruciform elevation, and a small spot on each side of same black ;
abdomen above black, the posterior segmental margins broadly
castaneous ; head beneath blackish ; sternum, legs, and opercula
ochraceous ; coxae spotted with black ; abdomen beneath pale cas-
taneous, its apex ochraceous ; tegmina and wings hyaline, with
their extreme bases reddish-ochraceous, venation pale brownish
or fuscous ; tegmina with the transverse veins at the bases of the
second and third apical areas infuscated ; wings with the transverse
vein at base of upper apical area infuscated.
§ . Head totally black ; mesonotum nearly black, the spots
having coalesced ; abdomen above darker than in male.
Length excl. tegm., J , 16 ; exp. tegm. 45 millim.
Hub. Quetta {Coll. Dist.). North Bengal {Miss CamjjbeU, Brit.
Mus.).
Genus SENA.
Sena, Dist. A. M. N. H. (7) xv, p. 307 (1905).
Type, S. qucerida, Pall.
Distribution. Palfearctic and Oriental Regions.
Head about as long as space between eyes, lateral margins of
front somewhat at right angles to lateral margins of vertex, eyes
scarcely projecting beyond the anterior angles of the pronotum ;
pronotum shorter than the mesonotum, its lateral margins more
or less oblique, the posterior angles being obliquely dilated ; abdo-
men longer than the space between apex of head and base of
cruciform elevation*; tympana largely exposed, the flaps being a
little shorter and very much narrower than the tympanal orifices ;
rostrum just passing the intermediate coxae; opercula in male
small, transverse, not extending beyond base of abdomen ; anal
appendages large.
Except ill S. acberi, Dist.
SENA.
135
A. Ahdomen longer tlian space between apex of head and base of
crnciform elevation.
a. Tegmina and ivings spotted.
b. Tegmina and ivings hg aline.
a . nostrum about reaching posterior codxe.
1633. Sena quaerula, Pall. (Cicada) Heise, torn, ii, p. 729 (1773); Haffen,
Stett. eut. Zeit. 1856, p. 38 ; Fieh. (Cicadatra) Bev. Mag. Zool.
(3) iv, p. 48 (1876) ; Bist. Mnn. Orient, dead. p. 134, t. xii,
t; 2, a, b (1892).
Cephaldxys quadrimacula, Walk. List Horn, i, p. 238 (1850) ;
Atkins. (Mog-annia) J. A. S. Bern/, liii, p. 233 (1885).
Cicada steveni, Stctl,Ofv. Vet. -Ak.' Fork. 1854, p. 243.
Stoll, Cig. f. 6.
Head and thorax above ochraceous or reddish-ochraceous ; head
with the front and a large broken transverse fascia between the
eyes black ; pronotuni with two central longitudinal fasciae, which
are irregular in width, the incisures and a siibmarginal lateral
fascia black ; mesonotum with four obconical spots (of which the
central pair are shortest and sometimes fused), a lanceolate spot
(sometimes absent) in front of cruciform elevation, and a spot on
Fig. 58. — Sena queer ul a, var.
each side of same black ; abdomen sometimes ochraceous with a
discal series of black spots, or altogether black with the ])()sterior
segmental margins ochraceous ; head beneath, sternum, li^'gs, and
opercula ochraceous ; the face, sternal spots, shadings to femora,
tibisB, and tarsi (more or less) black ; abdomen beneath ochraceous,
in some specimens black with the posterior segmental margins
ochraceous ; tegmina and wings hyaline, somewhat talc-like in
appearance, the venation sometimes towards apices ochraceous ;
tegmina with the costal membrane ochraceous, tlio transverse
veins at bases of first, second, and third apical areas (sometimes
only the second and tliird) very darkly infuscated, a small costal
spot at end of radial area and the upper margin of basal cell dark
fuscous ; wings with the transverse veins at bases of first, second.
136 CICADID.'E.
and third apical areas (sometimes only first and second) broadly
and darkly infuscated ; rostrum with its apex black and about
reaching posterior coxae.
Length excl. tegm. 19 to 32; exp. tegm. 50 to 85 niillira.
Hah. Quetta {Bnt. Mus.). " North India" {Stevens, Brit. Mus.),
— Distributed over a considerable portion of the Palaearctic Eegion ;
Turkestan ; Tashkend. Persia. Afghanistan.
A large varietal form from Quetta is figured above.
b'. Tegmina and ivings semi-opaque.
a". Rostrum just passing intermediate coxa'.
1634, Sena rugipennis, Walk. (Cicada) Ins. Saund., Hum. p. 17 (1858) ;
Dist. (Cicadatra) Mon. Orie7it. dead. p. 135, t. xii, f. 7, a, b
(1892).
Body and legs ochraceous ; abdominal segmental margins piceous ;
tegmina and wings talc-like, semi-hyaline, their extreme bases
ochraceous ; tegmina with the venation ochraceous, but becoming
fuscous on apical area, costal membrane ochraceous, transverse
veins at bases of second, third, and fifth apical areas infuscated ;
wings with the venation ochraceous, transverse veins at bases o£
first, second, and third apical areas broadly piceous.
Length excl. tegm., $ , 30 ; exp. tegm. 90 millim.
Hah. " Hindostan " {Brit. Mus.).
Of this very distinct species 1 have only seen the unique female
type in the British Museum.
B. Abdomen not longer than space hetween apex of head, and base of
cruciform elevation.
b. Tegmina and wings tmspoited, hyaline.
a^. Rostrum about reaching intermediate coxa'.
1635. Sena ached, Hist. (Tibicen) A. 31. N. H. (6) i, p. 373 (1888) ;
id. (Cicadatra) Mo7i. Orient, dead. p. 136, t. xv, f. 3, a, b
(1892).
Head black, ocelli red, eyes brownish-ochraceous ; pronotum
black, with a central longitudinal fascia and the posterior margin
yellow, and with two large discal reddish spots ; mesonotum black,
with two faiut yellowish central fasciae extending a short distance
from anterior margin; abdomen black, the lateral areas and apex
more or less reddish ; face, sternum, and femora yellow ; a central
longitudinal fascia to face, head beneath (excluding face), apices of
femora, the tibiae and tarsi black ; abdomen beneath dull reddish ;
tegmina and wings hyaline, venation blackish or olivaceous, costal
membrane to tegmina olivaceous ; rostrum with the apex piceous
and about reaching the intermediate coxae ; opercula in male yellow,
short, broad, obliquely rounded and not meeting inwardly.
Length excl. tegm., J , 25 ; exp. tegm. 72 millim.
Hah. Kashmir Valley, 6300 feet {Leech).
CALCAGNINUS. 13'J
Genus CALCAGNINUS.
Calcagninus, Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. pp. 31 & 13G (1889 & 1892).
Type, C. 2)icturatus, Dist.
Distribution. Oriental Region.
Head (including eyes) about as broad as base oE mesonotum, its
length about half the width between eyes, ocelli not quite twice
the distance from eyes as from each other ; pronotum with the
lateral margins sometimes slightly auipliated and more or less
distinctly toothed, or nearly straight with only the posterior
angles ampliated ; abdomen longer than space between the apex
of head and base of cruciform elevation ; tympanal coverings
rudimentary, oidy covering the tympanal orifices at base ; second
and third ventral segments in male furuislied with a well-developed
tubercle near each lateral margin ; anterior femora distinctly spined
beneath ; rostrum reaching the posterior coxae; tegmina and ^^•ings
hyaline, the first usually slightly maculate and possessing eight
apical areas ; wings with six apical areas.
a. Lateral pronotal margins straigJit, not ampliated.
1636. Calcagninus picturatus, Dist. (Leptopsaltria) A. M. N. H.
(6) i, p. 370 (1888) ; id. (Calcaguinus) Mon. Orient. Cicad.
p. 136, t. viii, f. 13, a, b (1892).
Body above brownish-ocliraceous ; head (excluding base) much
. suffused with piceous, ocelli red, eyes castaneous ; pronotum with
a central, longitudinal, fuscous fascia, the margins of which are
black, and \\hich is ampliated anteriorly, and with an oblong
piceous fascia near each lateral
margin ; mesonotum with a
central, longitudinal, lanceo-
late fascia, on each side of
which is a curved linear discal
fascia, a broad sublateral
fascia, and two spots in
front of cruciform elevation
Vig.b^.—Calcagninus picturatus. piceous ; abdomen sparingly
grevishly pilose, with a double
discal series and more continuous lateral marginal series of piceous
spots, base of anal segment also piceous, anal appendage pale
ochraceous; tegmina and wings hyaline, venation fuscous; tegmina
with a small ochraceous and fuscous spot at base of upper ulnar
area, and the transverse veins at bases of second and third apical
areas infuscated * ; rostrum with its apex piceous and just passing
posterior coxae ; face discally depressed and somewhat flattened.
Length excl. tegm., J , 15; exp. tegm. 44: millim.
Hah. Nilgiri Hills, northern slopes {Hampson).
* A character omitted by the artist in the above figure.
138 cicadid;e.
b. Lateral pronoUd margins a little ampliated and tootlied.
1637. Calcagninus nilgiriensis, Dist. (Leptopsaltria) A. M. N. H. (5)
XX, p. 2:^8 (1887) ; id. (Calcagninus) Mo7i. Orient, dead. p. 137,
t. viii, f. 15, rt, 6(1892).
Head and thorax above olivaceous-greeu ; head with the front
broadly raari^ined Mith black, the vertex with a streak behind eyes,
some irregular anterior markings, and area of ocelH black ;
pronotum with two central longitudinal fasciae united posteriorly,
on each side of these a curved discal fascia, and the incisures
broadly piceous ; mesonotuin with a central longitudinal lanceolate
fascia, on each side of which is an anterior obconical spot, followed
by a small spot on anterior margin, a broad sublateral fascia, and
two spots in front of cruciform elevation black ; abdomen more
ochraceous in hue, the segmental margins narrowly black, and with
two discal series of large spots and a marginal series of smaller
spots on each side piceous ; head beneath, sternum, and legs
olivaceous-green : anterior margin and two central fasciae to face,
some irregular spots between face and eyes, base and apex of
abdomen beneath, apices of femora, tibiae, and tarsi more or less
piceous ; apex of rostrum piceous and just passing the posterior
coxai ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the venation alternately black
and ochraceous ; tegmina with a few obscure black markings at
base, the costal membrane greenish-ochraceous, an ochraceous and
fuscous spot at base of upper ulnar area, and the transverse veins
at bases of second and third apical areas in male, and the three
upper apical areas in female, infuscated, in some specimens there
are a submarginal series of small fuscous spots near the apices of
the longitudinal veins to apical areas, while in some other varieties
the tegmina are practically unspotted.
Length excl. tegm., d" & $ ,16 to 22; exp. tegm. 50 to 57 millim.
Hah. Nilgiri Hills, northern slopes {Hampson).
Genus GUDABA, nov.
Type, G. marginata, Dist.
Distribution. Burma.
Head (including eyes) about as broad as base of mesonotum, its
length about equal to the space between eyes, front prominent;
pronotum about as long as head, its lateral margins obliquely
straight, its posterior lateral angles augulated ; abdomen somewhat
cylindrical, longer than space between apex of head and base of
cruciform elevation ; tympanal coverings very much shorter and
narrower than tlie tympanal orifices ; second and third ventral
segments in male furnished with a tubercle near each lateral
margin, that on the second segment longest; opercula in male short,
transverse, not passing basal abdominal segment ; anterior femora
strongly spined beneath ; rostrum about reaching the posterior
coxae ; tegmina and wings hyaline ; tegmina with eight, wings with
five apical areas.
KHIMBYA.
139
1638. Gudaba marginata, Dist. (Calcao-nimis) A. M. N. H. (6) xx,
p. 19 (1897). V o ^ V ; ,
Body and legs ochraceous, apex of abdomen black ; tegmina
hyaline with a slight ochraceous
tint, costal membrane and vena-
tion ochraceous, the outer margin
somewhat broadly fuscous ; wings
a little paler hyaline, venation
ochraceous ; both tegmina and
wings a little dark ochraceous on
the claval ai'eas ; opercula in
male short, subquadrangular.
Length excl. tegm., c? , 15 ; exp. tegm. 38 millim.
liah. Burma ; North Chin Hills ( Watson).
Fig. 60. — Gudaha rnarginaia.
Genus KHIMBYA.
Khimbya, Dist. A. M. N. H. (7) xv, p. 307 (1905).
Type, K. evanesccus, AValk.
Distribution. British India.
Head more or less deflected before eyes, its length considerably
shorter than space between eyes, margins of front and vertex
subobliquely continuous ; pronotum distinctly shorter than meso-
notum, its lateral margins sinuate, but not dentate ; abdomen much
longer than space between apex of head and base of cruciform
elevation ; tympana imperfectly covered, the flaps shorter and
narrower than tympanal cavities ; rostrum usually not quite
reaching posterior coxse ; opercula in male inwardly obliquely
divergent, extending to about third abdominal segment ; anterior
femora with at least two spines on their under surface ; tegmina
variable in breadth, either with the greatest breadth more than or
equal to a third of their length, apical areas eight, basal cell much
longer than broad.
A. Greatest tvidth of tegmina more than a third their length.
a. Tympanal flails only a little shorter than tympanal orifices,
a. Opercula in male ovate, narrowing at apices.
1639. Khimbya evanescens, Walk. (Uundubia) Ins. Saimd., Horn.
p. 6 (18'58) ; Dist. (Pomponia) Mo7i. Orient. Cicad. p. 72, t. x,
f. 13, a, b (1890).
Head and thorax above ochraceous ; head with striae to front,
area of ocelli, and the whole lateral vertical area black ; pronotum
with two central longitudinal fascife united posteriorly, a sublateral
anterior line, and margins of the posterior lateral angles black;
niesonotum with a central longitudinal fascia, on each side of which
is a shorter and somewhat inwardly curved fascia, followed by a
spot on anterior margin, a broken sublateral fascia, and two small
140
CICADID^.
spots in front of cruciform elevation blaclc ; abdomen above tinted
with testaceous and greyishly pilose, with a discal segmental series
of spots and a smaller lateral series piceous; body beneath and
legs pale ochraceous, the abdomen somewhat thickly greyishly
pilose ; stri« and central sulcation to face, space between face and
Fig. 61. — Khimhija cvancscens.
eyes, and apical area of abdomen piceous ; tegmina and wings
hyaline, the venation and costal membrane to tegmina pale
ochraceous ; tegmina with the transverse veins at bases of second
and third apical areas, the longitudinal veins to first and second
apical areas, and a series of spots at apices of longitudinal veins to
apical areas piceous ; wings with the inner edges of outer margin
fuscous.
Length excl. tegm., (j' , 18 to 21 ; exp. tegm. 45 to 56 millim.
Hah. Dehra Dun {Macl-imion). Burma ; North Cliiu Hills
( Watson).
a . Opereida in male acutely trianr/ular.
1640. Khimhya cimeata, Bist. (Pomponia) A. M. N. H. (G) xx, p. 19
(1897).
(S . Head black with some marginal testaceous streaks to front
and the same at base ; pronotum ocliraceous, with two central
longitudinal fasciae, the incisures, and edges of posterior margin
black, two castaneous spots on posterior lateral angles ; meso-
notum ochraceous, with a central longitudinal fascia, on each side
of which is an obconical spot, followed by a small anterior spot, a
broad sublateral fascia, and two rounded spots in front of the
cruciform elevation black ; abdomen above pale castaneous, the
three basal segments posteriorly narrowly ochraceous at the lateral
margins, posterior segmental margins piceous ; sternum and
opercula in male pale ochraceous ; face, legs, and abdomen beneath
brownish-ocln-aceous ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the venation
either ochraceous or castaneous ; tegmina with the costal membrane
ochraceous, and the transverse veins at bases of second and third
apical areas infuscated.
Length excl. tegm., (5,25; exp. tegm. 66 millim.
Hah. Burma; North Chin Hills (Hanson).
KniMBTA. 141
B. Greatest breadth of teqmuia ahout one-third their lenr/th.
b. Tympanal flaps almost as long as tympanal orifices.
h. Rostrum passing posterior coxce,
1641. Khimbya sita, Hist. (Cosmopsaltria) Tr. E. S. 1881, p. 036;
Atki7is. J. A. S. Bemj. liii, p. 226 (1885) ; Dist. Man. Orient.
Cicad. p. 58, t. iv, f. 5, a, h (1890).
Pale brownish-ochraceous ; head with a central spot which is
furcate anteriorly and an oblique spot ou each side o£ base o£ front,
area of ocelli, two transverse spots on lateral areas of vertex, and a
longitudinal line near inner margins of eyes black ; pronotum with
two central longitudinal fasciae united posteriorly, with a small
discal waved line ou each side, and the incisures black ; two
castaneous spots on each posterior lateral angle ; mesouotum with
a central longitudinal fascia, on each side of this a subclavate,
smaller, and suboblique fascia, followed by two linear spots on
anterior margin, a discal waved irregular fascia on each lateral area,
and two spots in front of the cruciform elevation black ; abdomen
with the segmental margins more or less piceous aud with a lateral
segmental series of piceous spots ; body beneath and legs
ochraceous and unicolorous, bases and apices of tarsi aud apex ot"
rostrum piceous ; tegmina and wings hyaline, venation basally
ochraceous and apically fuscous ; tegmina with the transverse veins
at bases of second aud third apical areas infuscated, transverse
veins at bases of first and second ulnar areas fuscous, ochraceous
at their junction.
Length excl. tegm. 24; exp. tegm. 73 millim.
Hob. Bombay {Coll. Bist.). Karwar {Ind. Mus.).
c. Tyynpanal flaps much shorter than tympanal oriflces.
h' . nostrum not reaching posterior coxce.
1642. Khimbya diminuta, Walk. (Dunduhia) List Ihnn. i. p. 74
(1850) ; id. torn. cit. iv, t. i, f. 1 (1852) ; Dist. (Cosmopsaltria)
Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 59, t. xii, f. 14, a, b (1890 j.
Head aud thorax above dark ochi\aceous ; head much suffused
with piceous ; pronotum with two central longitudinal linear
fasciae, on each side of which is a discal curved line, and the
incisures black, the lateral and posterior margins paler ochraceous
with somewhat confluent castaneous markings ou each posterior
lateral angle ; mesouotum with a central sublanceolate fascia, on
each side of which is a slender obconical spot, followed by a small
anterior spot and a broad sublateral fascia, and two small spots in
front of cruciform elevation black ; abdomen above ochraceous,
much suffused with piceous on disk, the apex and some lateral
segmental spots also piceous ; body beneath and legs ochraceous ;
opei'cula dull stramineous ; face with the lateral striations, a spot
between face and eyes, bases aud apices oE tarsi, and apex of
142
CICADID^,
rostrum piceous ; tegmina aud wings hyaline, venation mostly
fuscous ; tegmina with the transverse veius at bases of second and
third apical areas infuscated, and in some specimens with faint
and small marginal spots at apices of longitudinal veins to the
upper apical areas.
Length excl. tegm., c^" , 19 to 20 ; exp. tegm. 50 to 55 millim.
Hah. Bombay {Dixon). Karwar {Coll. Dist.). Tenasserim ;
Thaungyin {Bingham).
Genus LETHAMA.
Lethama, List. A. M. N. H. (7) xv, p. 307 (1905).
Type, L. locnsta, Walk.
Distrihution. British India.
Head horizontal, as long as space between eyes, not anteriorly
deflected, front very prominent, margins of front and vertex
obliquely subcontinuous ; pronotum as long as mesonotum, its
lateral margins oblique, sinuate, obscurely dentate ; abdomen con-
siderably longer than space between apex of head and base of
cruciform elevation ; tympana imperfectly covered, the flaps
shorter and narrower than the tympanal cavities ; rostrum about
reaching the posterior cosfe ; anterior femora armed beneath with
two or three strong spines ; opercula extending to more than half
the length of the abdomen, situate wide apart and on the lateral
abdominal areas ; tegmina broad, their greatest breadth more than
one-third of their length, apical areas eight, basal cell much
longer than broad.
1643. Lethama locusta. Walk. (Cephaloxys) List Horn. i. p. 236
(18.00) ; Athins. (Mogaunia) J. A. S. Beitg. liii, p. 233 (1885) ;
Dist. (Dundubia) 3Ion. Orient. Cicad. p. 41, t. ix, f. 1, a, b
(1889).
Body browuish-ochraceous ; pronotum with the margins paler
in hue ; mesonotum w ith two obscure obconical spots on anterior
margin, their outer edges black, and two small dark spots in front
BASA. 143
of cruciform elevation ; lateral margins of the abdomen above
paler in hue and ornamented with a segmental series of black
spots ; abdomen beneath paler in hue ; head, sternum, legs, and
opercula ochraceous ; tegmiua and wings hyaline, venation and
costal membrane of the first ochraceous.
Length excl. tegm., S 34, 5 30; exp, tegm. 83 millim.
Hab. Bombay (Leith and Dixon).
In the specimen above figured the wings possess a short
supplementary apical area, maldug seven in all ; this is, however,
purely varietal, and all the other specimens I have examined
possess six only.
Genus BASA.
Basa, Dist. A. M. N. H. (7) xv, p. 309 (1905).
Type, B. sinr/ularis, Walk.
Distribuiion. India.
Head with front prominent and produced, its lateral margins at
right angles with anterior margins of vertex, its breadth between
eyes much narrower than base of mesonotum, its length about
equal to that of pronotum ; prouotum a little shorter tlian meso-
notum, its lateral margins convex anteriorly and concavely sinuate
before posterior angles, whicli are anipliated ; abdomen much
longer than space between apex of head and base of cruciform
elevation, its lateral areas obliquely de|)ressed above ; beneath with
the disk some\^hat flat and the marginal areas obliquely directed
upward ; tympanal flaps shorter, but not narrower, than tympanal
cavities ; opercula transverse and just passing base of abdomen ;
antei'ior femora strongly spined beneath near apex ; anterior tibia?
longer than femora, anterior tarsi more than half the length of
tibise ; tegmina and wings long and narrow, greatest width of the
first only equal to a third of length, its basal cell much longer than
broad, fourth ulnar area much compressed at base of third, apical
areas eight.
1644. Basa singularis. Walk. (Dundubia) List Horn. Suppl. p. 7
(1858) ; Atkins. J. A. 8. Beny. liii, p. 225 (1885) ; Bist.
(Pompouia) Mon. Orient, dead. p. 72, t. vi, f. 4, o, h (1890).
Head and thorax above greenish-ochraceous ; head with marginal
striae to front, area of ocelli, and two transverse spots at apical
angles of vertex fuscous ; pronotum with two central longitudinal
piceous fasciae, united posteriorly by a prominent arcuated spot,
the lateral areas brownish-ochraceons ; mesonotum with four
somewhat obscure obconical spots, the outermost longest, a bi'oken
sublateral fascia, a central lanceolate spot, and two spots in front
of cruciform elevation brownish-ochraceous ; abdomen with the
tympanal flaps, the central disk, and some obscure lateral spots
brownish-ochraceous ; body beneath and legs brownish-ochraceous ;
face, lateral margins of sternum, and opercula (in male) virescent ;
144
CICADID^.
tegmiiia and wings hyaline with a pale bronzy tint, the tegmina a
little darker, venation oehraceous ; tegmina with the transverse
veins at bases of apical areas, irregular spots at apices of longi-
tudinal veins to apical areas, some nebulous apical spots, and a
Fig. 63. — Basa singularis.
waved line between bases of second ulnar and eightli apical areas
brownish-ochraceous ; a series of small fuscous spots on extreme
margins of both tegmina and wings.
Length excl. tegm., c? , 22 ; exp. tegm. 72 to 74 millim.
Hah. Darjiling {Stockliolm Mus.). Sikhim (Pilcher, Brit.
Mus.).
Division GjEANARIA.
Gfeanaria, Dist. A. M. N. H. (7) xv, p. 383 (1905).
This division, at present represented by three Eastern genera,
is recognized principally by the following characters : — The
tegmina and wings are opaque and generally more or less brilliantly
coloured ; the lateral margins of the pronotum are ne ither
ampliated nor dilated ; the tympanal orifices are largel}' exposed,
the tympanal coverings being a little narrower and much shorter
than the orifices and with their anterior marsius convex.
Synopsis of Genera.
A. Tegmina with the venation normal ; apical areas
eio'ht.
a. Head longer than pronotum, front somewhat
porrectly produced.
a. Greatest breadth of tegmina more than one-
third their length G^ana, p. 145.
h. Head not longer than pronotum, obliquely
depressed in front of eyes.
b. Greatest breadth of tegmina only about one-
third their length Balinta, p. 148.
B. Tegmina with the venation reticulate, ulnar and
apical areas broken up into many cellular
divisions Talainga, p. 150.
g.5;axa.
145
Genus G-ffiANA.
Gasaua. Atm/. S,- i^erv. Hem. p. 463 (1843) ; Stal, Hem. Afr. \\, p.'"4
(1866) ; Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicnd. p. 104 (1892).
Type, G. maculata, Drury.
Distribution. Orieutal aud jNJalayan Regions, and found in
Eastern China.
Body long and moderately slender in the male, much shoi'ter
in the female ; head (including eyes) about equal in width to base
of mesonotum, longer than pronotiim, front somewhat porrectly
produced, ocelli about twice the distance from eyes as from each
other ; pronotum with the lateral margins very slightly convex,
the posterior lateral angles moderately lobately produced ; abdomen
in male long, moderately slender, in the female only about as long
as space between apex of head and base of cruciform elevation ;
tympanal coverings in male small, both narrower and much shorter
than the tympanal orifices ; opercula in male small, transverse, not
passing base of abdomen ; anterior femora strongly spined beneath ;
tegmina and wings opaque, the first with their outer margins some-
what con vexly rounded, their greatest breadth more than one-third
their length.
1645. Gaeana maculata, I)r?iri/ (Cicada), Im. ii. p. 68, t. xxxvii. f. 1
(1773); Fabr. (Tettin:onvd) Si/sL -Ent. App. -p. 8Sl (177 o) ; Amy.
Sr Serv. (Gc-eaua) Hem. p. 464 (1843) ; SfM, Of v. Vet.-Ah. Fork.
1862, p. 483; Dist. Man. Orient, dead. p. 104, t. iii, f. 17, a, h
(1892).
Far. a. Dist. Mon. Orient, dead. p. 104 (1892).
Far. consors, White (Gaeana) MS., Dist. Mon. Orient, dead.
p. lOo, t. iii, f. 20, a, b{} 89-2).
Yicf, Qi.— Gaana maculata, var. coinors
Body above black ; head with a spot between ocelli and eyes,
mesonotum with four discal spots, a spot on each lateral margin
and a spot on each side of cruciform elevation, and abdomen with
YOL. III. ^'
146 CICADID.K.
the apical segmental margin ochraceous ; body beneath and legs
black ; a spot on each side of face, two small spots on each side of
mesosternum, and a small s])ot near posterior coxae ochraceous :
tegmina and wings black ; tegmina greyish-brown towards apex
and with five ochraceous spots in two transverse series, two near
base and three about centre ; wings with a broad transverse sub-
basal patch, follo\\ed by two contiguous spots near costal margin,
ochraceous, sometimes greyish, and. with a submarginal series of
greyish-brown spots in apical areas ; rostrum reaching posterior
coxae ; opercula in male small and widely separated.
Var. a. Differs from the typical form by having the ochraceous
markings to the tegmina and wings replaced by pale greenish, the
upper basal spot of tegmina absent, the lower spot replaced by two
smaller ones ; both tegmina and wings with a submarginal series
of small whitish spots, and a small one of the same colour in each
of the two upper ulnar areas.
Yar. consors. In this variety the wings have a much larger basal
patch of either ochraceous or pale greenish ; other markings to
tegmina and wings as in var. a, except that both basal spots are
present in tegmina as in typical form.
Length excl. tegm., cJ 35, $ 33 ; exp, tegm., d" & $ , 90 to
102 milKm.
H((h. Sikhim. Assam ; Naga and Kliasi Hills (OJiennell).
Margherita (Doherty). Samagooting and Dhansiri Valley {Ind.
Mus.). Burma ; Karennee {Fea). Tonkin. China.
1646. Gaeana stellata, Walk. (Huechys) Ins.Smmd., Horn. p. 27 (1858) ;
Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. Iv, p. 154 (1886) ; Dist. (Gajana) Mon.
Orient, dead. p. 105," t. iii, f. 15, a, b (1892).
Var. a. Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 105.
(S . Body with the colour and markings of G. maculata, but with
the abdominal segment beneath somewhat broadly margined
with ochraceous ; tegmina pale brownish-ochraceous, pale fuscous
on about apical third, base (including basal cell) blackish, a trans-
verse series of three large wiiite spots inwardly margined with a
blackish suffusion near centre, a submarginal series of smaller
wliitish spots in apical areas, and a still smaller spot in each of the
three upper ulnar areas ; wings blackish, a little paler between the
veins, with a pale spob at inner basal margin, a small discal
ochraceous streak, a series of four or five submarginal whitish
spots situate in the apical areas, and with the anal area greyish-
brown margined with fuscous ; rostrum reaching the posterior
coxfe.
Var. a. $ . Tegmina with the ochraceous replaced with a hue of
dark cinnamon, and the fuscous shadings nearly black ; wings jet-
black, with the pale markings as in typical form.
Length excl. tegm., c5' , 38 5 , 30 ; exp. tegm., J & $ ,
98 millim.
Hub. Assam ; Ivhasi Hills {Chennell). Margherita {Dolierty).
G.EANA. 147
1647. Gaeana sulpliurea, Hope (Cicada) in Roijle's Illustr. Bot.
Himal, Introd. p. liv, t. x, f. 2 (1839) ; Atkins. (Gfeaua)
J.A.S. Benxj. liii, p. 2i^3 (1885); Bist. Mon. Orient, dead.
p. 105, t. iii, f. 22, «, h (1892).
Cicada pulchella, Westw. Arc. Ent. \\, p. 34, t. Ivii, f. 1 (1842).
Body black ; lateral margins of vertex of head continued beyond
inner margins of eyes, two oblique discal spots on each side of
pronotum, a transverse series of four linear spots to mesonotum,
and the margins of anal appendage ochraceous or reddish-ochra-
ceous ; body beneath and legs black ; a fascia on each side of face,
sternal streaks, a spot near base of tegmiua, posterior abdominal
segmental margins (obliterated centrally), and the anal appendage
ochraceous ; tegmina and wings sulphur-yellow ; tegmina with
the inner margin of costal membrane, a curved and inwardly
angulated fascia crossing near middle, and the whole apical area
(including the upper ulnar area) piceous, costal membrane yellow ;
wings with the apical area (broadly, and narrowing to anal angle)
piceous ; rostrum reaching tlie posterior coxae.
Length excl. tegm., (5,35 to 37, 5 25; exp. tegm., J &
$ , 76 to 92 millira.
Hah. Sikhim {hid. 2Ius.). Nepal (Coll. Dist.). Mussooree
(Maclcinnon). Darjiliug (Stochh. Mus.).
1648. Gaeana atkinsoni, Dist. A.M.N. H. (0) iii, p. 49 (1889); id.
Moil. Orient. Cicad. p. 107, t. ix, f. 10, a,b (1892).
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum black; a transverse fascia
between eyes, posterior margin of pronotum, the margins of two
anterior obconical spots and lateral margins to mesonotum, and
the cruciform elevation ochraceous ; abdomen above and beneath
ochraceous ; head beneath, sternum, and legs black ; apical half
of face, a transverse spot between face and eyes, and disk and
margins of sternum ochraceous ; opercula black, their base and
outer margin ochraceous ; tegmina black, the venation, a narrow,
oblique, transverse fascia near base, a straighter and wider trans-
verse fascia near middle pale ochraceous, two subapical spots and
a spot in the sixth apical area reddish-oehraceous (these spots are
inconstant) ; wings bright carmine-red, apical and posterior
margins and a subapical transverse fasciate spot black ; rostrum
reaching the posterior coxse.
Length excl. tegm., S 35, $ 30 ; exp. tegm., J & $ , 80
to 85 millim.
Hah. Karwar {Coll. Dist.). Travancore {Coll. Dist.).
1649. Gaeana festiva, Fahr. (Tettig-onia) Si/st. Rhyng. p. 4L 42 (1803) ;
Sttd (Gseaua), i>e;'Z. ent. Zeit. x, p. 170 (1866); Dist. Mon.
Orient. Cicad. p. 106, t. iii, f. 18, a, b (1892).
Cicada thalassiiia, Guer. ^- Perch. Gen. Ins., Hem. t. 2 (1834).
Cicada perclieroni, Giicr. Ic. Rhjn. An., hist. p. 3.55 (1838).
l2
148 CICADID^.
G^eana consobrina, White, MS.
Var. a. Did. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 107 (1892).
Var. b. Dist. torn. cit. t. iii, f. 19, a, b.
Body above black ; ocelli aud abroad fascia behind eyesreddish-
ochraceoiis ; margins of proiiotum, four discal fasciiB (of which
the two central ones are angnlated) to mesonotum, and margins of
nietanotum greenish-ochraceous ; body beneath and legs black ;
apical half of face and a spot betv\ een face and eyes reddish-
ochraceous ; tegmina greenish-ochraceous, the radial area, a
transverse fascia crossing centre from apex of radial area (near
Avhieh is a large triangular spot), apex and outer and inner
mai'gius, and two small spots near base piceous or black, the
black area at apex is more or less broken and sometimes includes
a small greenish-ochraceous spot ; wings pale bluish-green, the
apex broadly black and containing a pale bluish spot, the margins
more narrowly black towards anal angle ; rostrum reaching the
posterior coxse.
Yar. a. Pronotum with a distinct central pale longitudinal
fascia.
Var. h. Tegmina and wings A\ith the black coloration much
incx-eased ; tegmina only exhibiting three irregular and angnlated
greenish spots, sometimes a small subapical one ; wings with more
than the apical half black, enclosing three pale bluish spots.
Length excl. tegm., <S 30, $ 26 ; exp. tegm., S & ? , 76 to
78 millim.
Hab. Sikhim {Ind. Mus.). Assam ; south of Brahmaputra
(CJiennell). Darjiling (StocJch. Mus.). — Sumatra. Amboina.
Genus BALINTA.
Baliuta, Dist. A.M.N.H. (7) xv, p. 383 (1905).
Type, B. octonotata, Westw.
Distribution. Oriental Region.
Head (including eyes) about as wide as base of mesonotum and
as long as pronotum, obliquely depressed in front of eyes ;
pronotum about as long as mesonotum, its lateral margins sinuate,
the posterior angles moderatel)' dilated ; abdomen in male much
longer than space between apex of head and base of cruciform
elevation ; tympanal coverings both shorter and narrower than
the tympanal orifices, vv'hich are most exposed inwardly ; opercula
in male small and transverse, widely separated, and not extending
beyond base of abdomen ; rostrum reaching posterior coxae ;
anterior femora strongly spiued beneath ; tegmina and wings
opaque ; tegmina with their greatest breadth about one-third their
length and with eight apical ai'eas.
1650. Balinta octonotata, Westiv. (Cicada) Arc. Ent. ii, p. 34, t. Ivii.
f. 2 (1842) ; Atkins. (Gasaua) J. A. S. Benq. liii, p. 221 (1885) ;
Dist. Mon. Orient. C'lcad. p. 107, t. iii, f. 12, a, h (1892).
balijStta. 149
Hiiecliys picta, Walk. Ins. Saund., Horn. p. 28 (1858) ; Atkins.
J. A. S. Bemj. Iv, p. 155 (1886).
Var. a. Bist. Mon. Orient, dead. p. 108 (1892).
Var. b. Bist. torn. cit. t. iii, f. 13, a, b.
Head, prouotum, and mesonotum black ; head with the basal
margin of front and basal margin of vertex dull dark ochraceoas :
basal margin and a transverse basal spot to pronotum, lateral
margins and two central angulated fascia? to mesonotuta connected
with the cruciform elevation, and the anterior and posterior angles
of the last dull dark ochraceous ; abdomen reddish-ochraceous
Fig. 05. — Bcdinfa octonofata.
with a central black longitudinal fascia ; head beneath, sternum,
and legs black, margins of face and abdomen beneath ochraceous ;
abdomen with base, a lateral series of spots, and base of sixth
abdominal segment black; tegmina dark shining fuscous, the
costal membrane and venation ochraceous, with four pale creamy
spots, situate one near base, two about centre, and one near costal
apex ; wings sanguineous, with the apical and posterior margins
(not extending to anal area) fuscous.
Var. a. Basal spot to tegmina obliterated.
Var. h. Basal spot to tegmina obliterated, and the two central
spots rej)laced bj a narrow transverse fascia.
Length excl. tegm., cJ, 25 to :27 ; exp. tegm. 60 to Gl millim.
IRih. Sikhim {Ind. 3Ius.). Assam ; Margherita {Dolierty).
Burma (Bingham); Upper Kegions (Coll, Dist.).
1651. Balinta tenebricosa, Dist. (G?e?in?i) Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xx\i,
p. 454, t. iv, f. 2, a. b (1888) ; id. 3Ion. Orient. Cicad. p. 108,
t. iii, f. 14, a,b (1892).
Var. a. Dist. torn. cit. p. 108.
Head and pronotum ochraceous ; head with the anterior margin
and a basal spot to front, and a broad fascia between eyes, black ;
pronotum with a broad central longitudinal fascia (which is
widened and angulated anteriorly and posteriorly), followed on
each side by two spots, an oblique fascia, a patch at lateral margins,
and a spot on each side of posterior margin black ; mesonotum
150 CICABID^.
and abdomeu black, the first crossed by two discal longitudinal
ochraceoiis fasciae, the anterior angles of cruciform elevation, and
a spot on each side of base of same ochraceous ; body beneath
and legs black ; margins of the face and under surface of the
femora reddish-ochraceous ; a few obscure sternal ochraceous
spots ; tegmina dark bronzy-brown, the costal membrane, the
venation, a costal spot at base of upper ulnar area, beneath vA'hich
are two discal spots, and a subapical spot ochraceous ; wings
bluish-black tinged with carmine ; bases of both wings and tegmina
narrowly carmine-red.
Var. a. Tegmina only possessing the lower discal spot, the
other spots obliterated.
Length excl. tegm., c? , 22 ; exp. tegni. 54 millim.
Hah. Burma ; Teinzo (Feu).
1652. Balinta delinenda, Dist. (Gteana) A. 31. N. II. (6) i, p. 291
(1888) ; id. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 108, t. iii, f. 16, a, b (1892).
Iluechys octouotata, Ti'alk. {nee Wcsho.) List Honi. i, p. 253
(1851).
Body aboA'e brownish-ochraceous ; head \Aith the apex of front
and a transverse fascia extending across area of ocelli black ;
pronotuin with a central hourglass-shaped fascia, and two large
oblique spots on each side, black ; mesonotum with a central
fascia (somewhat similar to that on pronotum) and a large spot on
each lateral margin black ; cruciform elevation black, its anterior
angles ochraceous ; abdomen with the posterior segmental margins
black; body beneath and legs brownish-ochraceous; disk of face
and a spot before eyes black ; tegmina pale brownish-ochraceous ;
wings reddish-brown, with about basal third carmine-red.
Length excl. tegm., c?, 19 ; exp. tegm. 47 millim.
Ilah. Sylhet {Brit. Mus.). Cochin (^Coll Dist.).
Genus TALAINGA.
Talainga, Dist. A. 31. N.H. (G) v, p. 16G (1890) ; id. 31on. Orient.
Cicad. p. 109 (1892).
Type, T. biw/harni, Dist.
Distribution.. Burma, Tonkin, China.
2 . Head (including eyes) a little narrower than base of
mesonotum, about as long as breadth between eyes, front globose
and prominent, shorter than vertex ; pronotum about as long-
as mesonotum, its lateral margins a little convex, angularly
incised before posterior angles which are ampliated ; abdomen
somewhat cylindrical, longer than space between apex of head and
base of cruciform elevation : Tympanal coverings small and lateral ;
anterior femora robustly spined beneath ; tegmina talc-like, semi-
opaque, the apical half with the venation reticulate and forming a
mass of small cellular areas, sometimes the ulnar areas are crossed
TALAINGA.
151
by transverse veins ; basal cell about twice as long as broad ;
wings with the posterior margin deeply sinuate near abdominal area ;
apical areas six, sometimes broken up by transverse veins iuto a
more numerous and reticulate series.
1653. Talainga binghami, Dist. A. M. N. H. (6) \, p. 1G7 (1890) ; id.
Mon. Orient, dead. p. 109, t. xiii, f. 4, a, b, (1&92).
Body and legs black ; eyes ochraceous, their posterior margins
pale sanguineous ; pronotum with the lateral margins and a curved
fascia on lateral areas behind eyes pale sanguineous, posterior
margin (excepting extreme centre) narrowly ochraceous ; abdomen
above \a ith the segmental margins more or less greyishly pilose ;
Fig. 66. — Talainga hivgliami.
tegmiua talc-like, semi-opaque, creamy-ochraceous, veins black
and margined with the same colour, the apical halves being
composed of luimerous small black-margined cellular areas, costal
membrane ochraceous, basal cell shaded with black ; wings pale
bluish-green, the venation more or less concolorous, excepting
that delimiting the more or less reticulate apical areas, margins
blackish from apex to the sinuation near abdominal area.
Length excl. tegm., $ , 23 to 26 ; exp. tegm. 70 to 77 millim.
Hah. Burma ; Karen Hills (Brngham).
Division MOGANNIARIA
Moganniaria, Dlst. A. M. N. II. {1) xv, p. 385 (1905).
Tegmina and wings hyaline, the tegmina spotted or in part
more or less brilliantly coloured ; body ovate, more or less
attenuated anteriorly and posteriorly ; head with the front more or
less triangularly produced : tympanal flaps present, but incomplete,
the tympanal oritices in part exposed.
At present I include two genera in this division, one Neotropical
in habitat, the other {Mogannia) being well represented in British
India.
152 ciOADiD.i;.
Genus MOGANNIA.
Mogannia, Ainy. Si- Serv. Hem. p. 4(37 (1843) ; Stal, Hem. Afr. iv,
p. 5 (18G6) ; Bid. Mon. Orient, dead. p. 118 (1892).
Cephaloxys, Sign. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1847, p. 294.
Type, M. conica. Germ.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions, and found in East
China.
Body short, broad, robust; head conically produced, including
eyes much ]]arro\ver than base of mesonotum, as long or slightly
longer than pronotam, front as loug or slightly longer than
vertex ; pronotum narrower anteriorly than posteriorly, the lateral
margins oblique, not ampliated, the posterior lateral angles a little
lobately rounded ; abdomen a little shorter or almost as long as
space between apex of head and base of cruciform elevation ;
tympanal coverings small and rudimentary : anterior femora
spined beneath ; opercula in male small, usually obliquely convex
and not completely covering the cavities ; tegmina with their
basal halves usually more or less brilliantly coloured, sometimes
opaque, apical areas eight ; «'ings with six apical areas.
1654. Mogannia conica, Germ. (Cicada) Thon's Arch. ii. 2, p. 39
(1830) : Stal (Mogannia), Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1862, p. 483 ;
Did. Mon. Orient, dead. p. 122, t. xiv, f. 18, a, b (1892).
Mogannia ilhistrata, Amj/. t^- Serv. Hem. p. 467, t. ix, f. 4 (1843).
Cephaloxys hemelytra. Sign. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1847, p. 295.
Mogannia indicaiis, iguifera, et avicula, Walk. List Horn, i,
pp. 249, 250 (1850) ; tom. cit. iv, t. ii, f. v (1852).
Mogannia recta. Walk. Lid Horn. Siippl. p. 39 (1858).
Mogannia histrionica, Z7/i/e?-, Froc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1862,
p. 283.
Mogannia venutissima, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1865, p. 154.
Body and legs black, above with a more or less well-defined and
broken longitudinal, dull ochraceous fascia, extending from front
of head to apex of abdomen, and generally forming a more or less
distinct hourglass-shaped fascia on pronotum, in some specimens
this fascia is very indistinct ; face and disk of abdomen beneath
brownish-ochraceous, margins of coxae and trochanters pale
ochraceous ; tegmina pale hyaline ; the basal halves fuscous and
oemi-opaque, costal membrane and extreme base sanguineous ;
wings hyaline with their bases narrowly sanguineous.
Var. a. ignifera. Walk. Body and legs brownish-ochraceous :
basal opaque coloration of tegmina pale ochraceous, outwardly
margined with fuscous near costal margin.
Yar. b. indicans, Walk. = Idstrionica, Uhler. Body black or
brownish ; tegmina with the basal opaque area coutauiing a trans-
verse, curved, ochraceous or reddish fascia a little before its apex.
Var. c. illustrata, Amy. & Serv. Tegmina with the opaque basal
area outwardly margined with fuscous and with an apical
ochraceous spot.
MOGANNIA.
153
Vai*. d. The opaque coloration to teginina uniformly reddish-
ochraceous, occupying nearly the whole of lower apical area and
outwardly margined «itli fuscous ; lateral and posterior margins
of pronotum also ochraceous.
Length excl. tegm., cJ & $ , 13 to 16 ; exp. tegm. 32 to 10 millim.
Hah. Assam; Khasi Hills (Oheimell); Margherita {Dolierty).
Tenasserim ; Thagata {B'ea). — Java. Sumatra. Philippines. China.
The typical form and var. a, according to present knowledge,
appear to be best represented in British India.
1655. Mogannia cyaiiea, Walk. List Horn. Suppl. p. 40 (1858) ; l)ist.
Mo7i. Orient, dead. p. 121, t. xiv, f. 15 a, b (1892).
Body and legs bright shining indigo-blue ; intermediate and
posterior coxae margined with dull ochraceous ; tegmina pale
hyaline, basal half shining ochraceous ; a spot at apex of radial
area and the venation of about apical half fuscous ; wings pale
hyaline, the base narrowly ochraceous and the venation more
or less of the same colour ; the conically produced front of head is
marginally very strongly pilose.
Length excl. tegm. 16; exp. tegm. 40 to 44 millim.
Hah. Assam ; Margherita and N;iga Hills {Doliertij). Burma ;
Euby Mines {Doherty). — North China.
1656. Mogannia funebris, Stdl, Ofo. Vet.-Ak.Fdrh. 1805, p. 155; Did.
Ann. Mas. Civ. Gen. xxvi, p. 455, t. iv, f. 1. a, h (1888) ; id.
Man. Orient. Cicad. p. 122, t. xiv, f. 17, a, b (1892).
Bi'assy-black, fascously pilose : tegmina and wings hyaline ;
tegmina with about basal half black, the basal cell and a fascia at
apex of the black basal area dull lutesceut.
Var. a. Agreeing with the typical form, but not possessing the
pale fascia at apex of black basal area.
Length excl. tegm. 15 to 19 ; exp. tegm. 34 to 46 millim.
Hah. Sylhet (StocUi. Mus). Burma ; Bhamo {Fea).
1657. Mogannia effecta, Dist. A. M. N. H. (6) ix, p. 316 (1892) ;
id. Mon. Orient. Cicad, p. 122, t. xiv, f. 16, a, b (1892).
Moganuia eftecta. Walk. MS.
Body and legs very dark bluish-black; tegmina and wings
hyahne, the venation fuscous ;
tegmina with the basal half
bluish-black, this colour broadly
margined at base, costal mem-
brane, claval area, and trans-
versely just before its extremity
with sanguineous.
Var. a. Black area of tegmina
streaked with pale fuscous, and
the sanguineous margins to same very dull on costal membrane and
almost absent on costal area.
G7. — Mogann ia effecta.
154
CICADIDiE.
Var. b. A-^enation in black ai-ea of tegmina sanguineous and
coucolorous with the surrounding margins.
Length excl. tegm. 17 to 19 ; exp. tegm. 42 to 48 millim.
Hub. Sikhim (Ind. Mus.). Assam ; Naga Hills {Doherty).
Darjiling {Coll, Dist.) — Sumatra.
1658. Mogannia obliqua, Walk. List Horn. Suppl. p. 39 (1858) ;
Atldns. J. A. S. Bemj. liii, p. 282 (1885) ; TJist. Mon. Orient.
Cicad. p. 119, t. xiv, f. 10, a, h (1892).
Body above pale greenish or greenish-ochi'aceous ; head with the
apex of front and the basal area piceous ; pronotum with a central
triangular black fascia ; mesonotum with a broad black central
fascia constricted near middle ; body beneath, femora, and anterior
tibiae and tarsi more or less piceous ; intermediate and posterior
tibiae and tarsi pale greenish or greeuish-ochraceous ; tegmina and
wings hyaline, the venation dull ochraceous or fuscous ; tegmina
with the costal membrane pale castaueous, an oblique transverse
fuscous fascia extending from end of radial area to apex of lower
ulnar area (where it is more or less irregularly continued along inner
margin to base), basal cell, and base slightly suffused with pale
brilliant ochraceous and greenish ; extreme bases and lower basal
margins of tegmina and wings sanguineous.
Length excl. tegm., c? & $, 11 to 14; exp. tegm. 44 to 50
millim.
Hab. Sikhim {Ind. Mus.). Assam ; Brahmaputra ( Cliennell) ; Naga
Hills and Margherita {Doherty). Bengal; Muugphoo {Coll. Dist.).
Burma; Momeit {Doherty). Rangoon and Kareunee {Feci) — Java.
1659. Mogannia viridis, Sign. (Cephaloxvs) Ami. Sac. Ent. Fr. 1847,
p. 294: St8l,0fv. iV^-yl/.:. jFoWj. 1862, p.483 ; Z>?V,-^. (Mogamiia)
Man. Orient. Cicail p. 119, t. xiv, f. 8, a, b (1892).
Cephaloxys rostrata, Walk. List Horn, i, p. 233 (1850).
Body and legs virescent, inclining to ochraceous or, in some
specimens, reddish-ochraceous ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the
venation olivaceous or ochraceous, usually resembling the hue of
the body ; tegmina slightly suffused with greenish or ochraceous at
base, the costal membrane genei'ally reddish-ochraceous.
Length excl. tegm., c? & $ , 15 to 18 ; exp. tegm. 45 to 47
millim.
Hab. Bengal; Mungphoo {Coll. Dist.). Assam; Naga Hills
and Margherita {Doherty). Burma ; Momeit {Doherty). — Malay
Peninsula. Java.
Subfamily III. TIBICININ.E.
Tibiciuiuee, Dist. A. M. N. H. (7) xv, p. 304 (1905) ; ante, p. 57.
In this subfamily the tympana are completely exposed, the
tympanal coverings being entirely absent.
Tbe genera comprised in the Tibicininse ai-e of universal
distribution.
GEAPTOTETTIX. 155
Division IIUECHYSARTA.
Huechysaria, Dist. A. M. N. H. (7) xv, p. 481 (1905).
Tegmiua and wings opaque or semiopaque ; lateral margins of
the pronotum neither ampliate nor dentate ; ahdomen moderately
robust but not transverse, longer than space between apex of head
and base of cruciform elevation ; tympana completely exposed,
tynapaual coverings entirely absent ; tegmina with the apical areas
variable in number, either eight or ten, or variably fluctuating
between those numbers.
Synopsis of Genera.
A. Head with the fixce lougitudinally sulcate.
a. Head (including eyes) narrower than
base of me,sonotuni.
a. Tegmiua with ten apical areas, in
some varieties only nine.
d' . Head longer than pronotum, front
produced, but not excavated.
a^. Mesonotum (including cruciform
elevation) longer than pronotum. Graptotettix, p. 15-5.
b. Head (including eyes) as wide as base of
mesonotum.
b. Tegmina with eight apical areas, in
some varieties nine or ten.
b' . Head about as long as pronotum.
6'-. Mesonotum (including cruciform
elevation) scarcely longer than
pronotum Huechys, p. 157.
B. Head with the face not sulcate Scieropteka, p. 358.
Genus GRAPTOTETTIX.
Graptotettix, Stdl, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 4 (1866) ; id. Berl. eat. Zeit.
X, p. 170 (1866) ; Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 109 (1892).
Type, G. guttatus, Stal.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
Body modei'ately long and robust ; head (including eyes) narrower
than base of mesonotum, front long, convexly and somewhat flatly
produced, a little shorter than vertex, the lateral margins of both
discontinuous ; pronotum a little shorter than head, its lateral
margins nearly straight, the posterior lateral angles lobately
produced; mesonotum (including cruciform elevation) longer than
pronotum ; abdomen longer than space between apex of head and
base of cruciform elevation; tympana completely exposed, tympanal
coverings entirely absent ; opercula in male short, broad, not
extending beyond base of abdomen ; anterior femora strongly
spined beneath ; tegmina more or less opaque, apical areas usually
ten, sometimes only nine in number, basal cell much longer than
broad ; wings semi-opaque or subhyaline.
156
CTCADID.'E.
1660. Graptotettix guttatus, StSl, Berl. ent. Zeit. x, p. 170 (1866) ;
Bist. Mon. Orient, dead. p. 110, t. iii, f. 21, a, b (1892).
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum black ; front of head, ocelli,
and two large oblique spots (sometimes fused) on each lateral area
of the pronotum bright ochraceous ; mesonotum with two small
very obscure central obconical spots, and with a large ochraceous
spot on each lateral area ; abdomen above pale casfcaneous, in some
specimens tinged with ochraceous; head beneath, sternum, and
Fig. 68. — Graptotettix guttatus.
legs black ;" face bright ochraceous ; opercula and abdomen pale
castaneous ; tegmina fuscous-brown, opaque, the venation ochra-
ceous ; extreme base, sometimes basal cell, and the costal membrane
piceous; wings shining, bronzy, semi-opaque, extreme base piceous.
Length excl. tegm., ^ 30, 5 27 ; exp. tegm., J & 5 , 70 to
73 millim.
Hob. Sikhim {Ind. Mus.). Bhutan ; Maria-Basti {Durcl).
Assam ; Naga Hills (LoJiertj/).
1661. Graptotettix thoracicus, Bist. A. M. N. H. (6) ix, p. 315
(1892) ; id. Hon. Orient. Cicad. p. 110 (1892).
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum bright pale ochraceous ;
abdomen pale sanguineous : pronotum with the posterior, lateral,
and anterior (as far as behind eyes only) margins castaneous, and
with two narrow, jet-black, central, discal, curved fasciae; meso-
notum with four castaneous obconical fascise, the central pair
smallest ; abdomen above ochraceous near base ; body beneath
and legs sanguineous ; head beneath, anterior coxae, and lateral
margins of sternum ochraceous ; spots to coxae black ; (in the
specimen described the apex of one posterior femur and its tibia
is almost black, the other posterior ](dg is uniformly sanguineous) ;
tegmina and wings semi-hyaline, more or less tinged with casta-
neous (in the specimen described more so on one tegminum and
wing than on the other), the venation ochraceous or castaneous.
Length excl. tegm., J , 28 ; exp. tegm. 75 millim.
Hah. Burma; ^iomexi {Doliertij).
nuECHYs. 157
Genus HUECHYS.
Huecliys, Amy. S,- Serv. Hem. p. 464 (1843) ; Stdl, Hem. Afr. \y,
p. 4 (1866) ; Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. Ill (1892).
Tj^pe, H. sangidnen, De Geer.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Hegions.
Body of moderate size, somewhat slender ; head (including eyes)
about equal in width to base oi: mesonotura, front convexly some-
what flatly produced, shorter than vertex, their lateral margins
discontinuous ; pronotum as long as head, its lateral margins a
little convex, the posterior lateral angles sometimes distinctly
produced ; mesonotum (including cruciform elevation) scarcely
longer than pronotum ; abdomen longer than space between apex
of head and base of cruciform elevation, the tympana completely
exposed, tympanal coverings absent ; opercula in male small and
transverse ; anterior femora strongly spined beneath ; face more
or less longitudinally sulcate : tegmina more or less opaque, apical
areas usually eight, sometimes nine or ten in number; wings
semi-opaque or semi-hyaline ; apical areas six.
1G62. Huechys sanguinea, De Geer (Cicada), Mem. iii, p. 221,
t. xxxiii, f. 17 (1773) ; Ann/, c^- Serv. (Huecb3's) J£em. p. 465
(1843) I Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. Ill, t. iii/f. 2, a, b (1892).
Tettigonia saHguiuolenta, Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 681. 15 (1775) ;
Oliv. (Cicada) Enc. Meih. v, p. 756 (1790).
Var. a. philfBmata, Fabr. (Tettiijonia) Syst. Rhyny, p. 42. 47
(1803) ; Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 112, t. iii, f. 2, a, b (1892).
Stoll, Ciq. fig. 62.
Var. b. 'Bist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 112 (1892).
Var. c. testacea, Fabr. (Tettigonia) Mant. Ins. ii, p. 267. 23
(1787); Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 112 (1892).
Stoll, Ciy. f . 41 c.
Body and legs black ; front and face to head, two large spots to
mesonotum (sometimes fused and covering the whole disk) and
Fig. 09. — Huechys sanguinea.
the abdomen sanguineous, base of abdomen narrowly black ;
tegmina black, opaque ; wings shining fuscous, sometimes almost
black, interior of anal area always paler; rostrum passing the
intermediate coxse.
158 CICADIDiE.
Yav. a. p7iila'mata,~Fahr. Differs from the typical form of the
species in having the tegmina fuscous, not black, and by the wings
being paler fuscous and more hyaline.
Var. b. Tegmina black, with greyish-white streaks in the apical
areas and sometimes in uhiar areas ; wings blackish \Aith greyish-
white streaks.
Var. c. testacea, Fabr. Mesonotum nnspotted, uniformly black ;
tegmina more or less streaked with greyish-white.
Length excl. tegm., c5' & $,17 to 25; exp. tegm. 43 to
65 millim.
Hah. Sikliim {Ind. Mus.). Assam; Brahmaputra (CJiennell).
Calcutta (fStockh. tf- Ind. Muss.). Burma ; Rangoon : Kakhien
Hills (Fea). Tennasserim ; Thagata (Feci) ; Myitta {Doherty). —
Malay Peninsula. Sumatra. Borneo. Timor Laut. China.
" In the Malay Peninsula this species is diurnal and flies about
a,mong bushes in the open at midday*' (Aunandale, Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1900, p. 862).
1663. Huechys thoracica, Dlst. J. A. S. Bene;, xlviii, p. 39, t. ii,
f. 8 (LS79): id. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 116, t. iii, f. 3,a,b
(1892).
Black ; front and face to head, a central hourglass-shaped
fascia to pronotum, a central and two lateral spots to mesonotum,
abdomen, and sternum sanguineous ; margins of front, a broad
central fascia to face, and some sternal spots black ; tegmina pale
fuscous and semi-opaque ; wings semi-hyaline, slightly tinged with
fuscous ; the venation dark fuscous ; rostrum just passing the
intermediate coxae.
Length excl. tegm., § , 17 to 20 ; exp. tegm. 39 to 50 millim.
Hab. Burma; Karen Hills and Ruby Mines (Doherty). Tennas-
serim (Limborg) ; Myitta (Doherty).
1664. Huechys hsematica, Dist. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xxvi, p. 454,
t. iv, f. 6, a, b (1888) ; id. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 116, t. xiv,
f. 4, a, b (1892).
Body above and beneath sanguineous ; pronotum with a large
oblique black spot on each lateral area ; eyes dull ochraceous ;
legs castaueous ; tegmina pale greyish-brown, with darker suffusions
along the veins, base narrowly sanguineous ; wings pale bluish-
grey, with darker suffusions along the veius, bases narrowly
sanguineous ; rostrum reaching the posterior coxa?.
Length excl. tegm,, $ , 20 ; exp. tegm. 45 millim.
Hah. Tenasserim ; Mt. Mooleyit (Fea).
Genus SCIEROPTERA.
Scieroptera, Stal., Hem. Afr. iv, p. 4 (1866) ; id. Berl. ent. Zeit. x,
p. It59 (1866) ; Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 117 (1892).
Type, S. sjplendidula.^ Pabr.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
SCIEEOPTEEA.
159
Head (including eyes) a little broadei' than base of mesonotum,
front subconically, flatly produced, shorter than vertex, the lateral
margins of both discontinuous ; pronotiim longer than head, its
lateral margins slightly convexly oblique, the posterior lateral
angles distinctly produced ; mesonotum (including cruciform
elevation) not longer than pronotum ; abdomen longer than space
between apex of head and base of cruciform elevation ; tympana
entirely exposed, tympanal coverings altogether absent ; opercula
in male small and transverse ; anterior femora strongly spined
beneath ; face not longitudinally sulcate ; tegmina more or less
opaque, apical areas eight, basal cell longer than broad ; wings
hyaline, apical areas six.
1665. Scieroptera splendidula, Fabv. (Tettigouia) Syst. Ent. p. 681
(1775) ; OHv. (Cicada) Enc. Meth. v, p. 750 (1790) ; Stal
(Scieroptera), Beii. ent. Zeit. x, p. 169 (186fc)) ; Dist. Mun. Orient.
Cicad. p. 117, t. xiv, f. 5, a,b (1892),
Var. a. cuprea, Walk. (Hueohysj J. Linn. Soc, Zool. x, p. 95
(1868).
Var. h. trabeata, Germ. (Cicada) Thon's Arch, ii, 2, p. 39 (1830).
Var. c. Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 117 (1892).
Var. d. Dist. torn. cit. p. 118.
Black ; margins and a central fascia to pronotum and meso-
notum ochraceous ; cruciform
elevation ochraceous, its cen-
tral area black ; lateral margins
of sternum ochraceous ; abdo-
men and femora (excluding
apices) reddish - ochraceous ;
abdomen frequently with a
central, dorsal, longitudinal,
black macular fascia ; tegmina
piceous or very dark fuscous ;
wings hyaline, very slightly tinged with ochraceous.
Var. a. cuprea, Walk. Costal membrane of tegmina ochraceous.
Var. h. trabeata, Germ. Tegmina paler than in var. a ; ground-
colour of pronotum purplish in place of black; front of head
marked with purplish.
Var. c. Tegmina as in var. a, but legs and face uniformly
ochraceous.
Var. d. As in var. c, but the tibiae and tarsi blackish ; head with
the margins of front and the lateral areas of vertex ochraceous.
Length excl. tegm. 12 to 20 ; exp. tegm. 32 to 53 milUm.
ffab. Sikhim. Assam ; Margherita (Doherty) ; Khjisi Hills
(Coll. Dist.). Burma ; Momeit {Doherty). Tenasserim {Coll.
Disi.).— Java. Borneo. Celebes. China.
A very variable species ; but the variation does not constitute
local races ; the only limitation, according to present knowledge,
beino- the restriction of the form trabeata to Java, but this is
probably not constant.
Fis
Scieroptera sijlcndidulo
160 ciCADiDii:.
1666. Scieroptera crocea, Gucr. (Cicada) Voy.' Favorite,'' \, p. 159,
t. xlv, f. 3 (1829) : id. Voy. ' Coquille; Zool. ii, p. 182 (1830) ;
Stdl (Scieroptera), Berl. ent. Zeif. x, p. 1()9 (1866) ; Dist. Mon.
Orient. Cicacl. p. 118, t. xiv, f. 6, a, b (1892).
Var. a. Did. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 118 (1892).
Closely allied to >S'. splendidula, of which it may ultimately be
proved to be but another variety, and from which it differs by the
tegmina being semi-hyaline and very pale ochraceous, with the
venation darker ochraceous ; face black, with the margins
ochraceous.
Var. a. Face altogether pale castaneous ; legs ochraceous.
Length excl. tegm., S & $ , 15 to 20 ; exp. tegm. 40 to 57
millim.
Bab. Bombay (Leith). — Sumatra. Java. Borneo.
1667. Scieroptera fumigata, Stdl (Huechys), Of v. J'et.-Ak. Fork.
Idol, p. 244 ; id. (Scieroptera) JJerl. ent. Zeit. x, p. 169 (1866) ;
Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. ^. 118, t. xiv, f. 7 (1892).
Black : two central lines to pronotum flavescent ; margins of
pronotum and mesonotum, abdomen and femora testaceous, the
abdomen with a central, longitudinal, black dorsal fascia ; tibiae and
tarsi piceoits ; tegmina fuscous or vinaceous-brown, the venation
and costal membrane dull ochraceous ; wings semi-hyaline, the
venation ochraceous.
Length excl. tegm., J" «& $ , 12 to 19 ; exp. tegm. 2S to 43
millim.
Hub. jS"orth Bengal {Coll Dist.). Assam ; Margherita {Dolierty).
Division CABINET ARIA.
Carinetaria, Did. A. M. N. II. (7) xv, p. 483 (1905).
In this division the pronotum is distinctly narrowed anteriorly,
never longer than the mesonotum, sometimes much shorter; the
lateral pvonotal margins are oblique, not am])liate ; the body is
more or less robust, narrowed towards head and apex of abdomen ;
abdomen sometimes very short ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the
first in a few cases semi-opaque, but usually clear and frequently
unspotted.
Only one genus of this division is found in British Lidia, the
other genera belong to the Neotropical and Ethiopian Regions.
G-enus KARENIA.
Karenia, Dist. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xxvi, p. 457 (1888) ; id. Mon.
Orient. Cicad. p. 126, 1892.
Type, K. ravida, Dist.
Distribution. Burma and China.
Head depressed, rounded, a little narro\^er than anterior margin
KARENIA.
161
of pronotum, including e3'es considerably narrower than base of
mesonotura, front broad, about as long as vertex at area of ocelli ;
pronotum more than twice as broad as long, longer than head,
but much shorter than mesonotum, the lateral margins ampliated
and obscurely toothed ; mesonotum vei"y large, the cruciform
elevation elongated ; abdomen in male short aud robust, not longer
than pro- and mesonota together ; tympanal coverings entirely
absent ; opercula in male small and widely separated ; anterior
femora strongly toothed beneath ; tegmina and wings hyaline,
the first M'ith their greatest breadth more than one-third their
length, apical areas eight, and somewhat short ; wings with six
apical areas.
1668. Karenia ravida, Dist. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xxvi, p. 458
(1888) ; id. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 126, t. xii, f . 6, a, b (1892).
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum olivaceous ; head with a
curved spot at anterior angles of vertex, area of ocelli, and a
linear spot on each side of same piceous ; pronotum with the
Karenia ravida.
centres of anterior and inner posterior margins, the incisures,
two central fasciae not reaching anterior margin, a short central
line at anterior margin, a spot on each anterior lateral margin,
and two spots on posterior margin piceous or black ; mesonotum
with two central obconical spots, between which is an indistinct
central longitudinal line, a somewhat effaced broad fascia on each
lateral area, two spots in front of cruciform elevation, and the
posterior margin of same piceous or black abdomen above
olivaceous, much shaded with piceous ; body beneath and legs
olivaceous ; a spot at base of each antenna, apices of anterior
femora, tibise (more or less), anterior and intermediate tarsi, and
apex of abdomen piceous or black ; tegmina and wings hyaline,
venation brownish-olivaceous, the first with transverse veins at
bases of second, third, fifth, seventh, aud eighth apical areas
infuscated, and a marginal series of fuscous spots at apices of
longitudinal veins to apical areas.
Length excl. tegm., J , 27 ; exp. tegm. 87 millim.
Hab. Burma ; Kakhien Hills (Fea).
TOL. III. ^r
1 62 CICADID.E.
Division TIBIGINAIUA.
Tibicinaria, Blst. A. M. N. H. (7) xvi, p. 22 (1905).
In this division the abdomen is more or less eyhudrical and
attenuated posteriorly ; anal appendages usually very prolonged
and prominent, their lower plate as a rule more longly porrect
than their upper one : pronotum generally more or less distinctly
narrowed anteriorly * ; tegmina somewhat talc-like and obscurely
wrinkled, their greatest breadth always more than one-third of
their length, both tegmina and wings always prominently
sanguineous or reddish-ochraceous at base.
The genera in this division are of a very homogeneous
character, possess a common facies, and are widely distributed.
Four genera are at present included in the Tibicinaria, only one of
which is found in British India.
Genus PAHAEIA.
Pahaiia, Dist. A. M. X. H. (7) xvi, p. 25 (1905).
Type, P. lacteipennis, Walk.
Distribution. At present known only from the northern districts
of India.
Head moderately narrow, its breadth (including eyes) narrower
tlian base of mesonotum, and about equal to its length including
crnciform elevation, front prominent, as long as vertex ; pronotum
much longer than head, convex, laterally depressed, obliquely
narrowed anteriorly, its posterior angles strongly lobately produced;
mesonotum strongly deflected on each side ; abdomen in female
about as long as space between apex of head and base of cruciform
elevation ; tympana completely exposed, tympanal coverings
entirely absent ; abdomen beneath with the lateral margins strong!}''
recurved and very prominent : anterior femora robust and very
strongly spined beneath ; posterior tibiae spined on each side for
about half their length ; rostrum reaching the intermediate coxae ;
tegmina and wings talc-like in type, obscurely wrinkled, the first
broad, with the apical areas somewhat short and eiglit in number,
the b.isal cell about twice as long as broad, narrower at apex than
at base ; wings with six apical areas.
1669. Paharia lacteipennis, IValh. (Cephaloxys) List Horn. i. p. 237
(1850); Atkins. (Mogannia) J. A. S. Beng. Hii, p. 233 (1885);
Dist. (Tibicen) Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 129, t. x, f. 5, a, b, t. xii,
f. 10, a, b (1892).
$ , Head piceous, thickly greyishly pilose, basal marginal areas
of front and a small spot on ea«li vertical margin ochraceous ;
* Except in the Nearctic species Tihicina septcmdecim.
PAHAEIA.
163
pronofcuin ochraceous, thickly greyishly pilose, the oblique incisures,
two small central basal spots, and inner basal margin black ;
mesonotum ochraceous, witli four obconical spots (the two inner-
most smallest), a central lanceolate fascia, and two small spots in
front of cruciform elevation black ; abdomen black, the posterior
segmental margins regularly, shortly, greyishly pilose ; head
beneath, sternum, and legs ochraceous, greyishly pilose, legs less
pilose ; abdomen beneath with a somewhat pale olivaceous tinge,
Fig. 72. —Paharia ladclpennis.
the lateral margins ochraceous with black spots ; tegmiua and
wings lacteous, semi-opaque, talc-like, the venation mostly fuscous ;
■ extreme base and costal membrane of tegmina ochraceous.
Length excl. tegm., 2 , 33 ; exp. tegm. 96 millim.
Hah. "North India" (Stevens, Brit. Mns.).
This species is at present known only by the unique female
type.
1670. Paharia casyapae, Dlst. (Tibicen) A. M. N. H. (6) i, p. 374
(1888) ; id. Mon. Orient. Cicad. ji. l28, t. xiv, f. 20; a, h (1892).
5 . Head black, margins of front, the ocelli, a small central
basal spot, and the anterior margins of vertex testaceous-red ;
pronotum testaceous-red, the margins and two central longitudinal
lines black ; mesonotum black, two central " antler "-shaped
fascife, the lateral margins, and the basal cruciform elevation
(excluding anterior augles) testaceous-red ; abdomen above black :
body beneatli black, somewhat greyishly pilose ; face red, its
central longitudiual sulcation black ; rostrum black, its base red ;
legs red, the femora streaked beneath with black ; tegmina and
wings hyaline, talc-like, finely wrinkled, their bases narrowlv
testaceous-red margined with piceous, venation piceous, costiil
membrane of tegmina ochraceous, piceous near base ; rostrum
reaching the intermediate coxte.
Length excl. tegm., $ , 35 ; exp. tegm. 90 millim.
Hah. Kashmir A'alley {Leech).
M 2
164 CICABIDX.
1071. Paharia reticulata, Bisf. (Tibicen) A. M. N. H. (6) i, p. 374
(1888) ; id. 31on. Orient. C/c«^. p. 128, t.xiv. f. 21,ff, i (1892).
2 . Head black, apex of front, anterior lateral margins of
vertex, and a narrow central longitudinal line testaceous-red ;
prouotum black, the margins and two large contigvious spots on
each lateral area testaceous-red ; mesonotum black, the margins,
the cruciform elevation, and two irregvilar subconical spots on
anterior margin testaceous-red ; abdomen black ; body beneath
and legs black, somewhat greyishlj pilose ; margins of face, under
surfaces and apices of femora, tibia? and tarsi (excluding bases
and extreme apices), spots and other mai'kings to sternum, and
abdominal segmental margins testaceous-red ; tegmina and wings
hyaline, talc-like, finely wrinkled, their bases narrowly testaceous-
red margined ^ith piceous ; costal membrane to tegmina reddish -
ochraceous ; rostrum reaching the intermediate coxae.
Length excl. tegm,, $ , 20 ; exp. tegm. 70 millim.
Hah. Pan jab; Gilgit (CoZZ. i^/s^).
Division TAPHUBAEIA^.
Taphuraria, iJist. A. M. N. H. (7) xvi, p. 25 (1905).
Eyes projecting beyond the anterior angles of the pronotum ;
pronotum subquadrate, not distinctly narrowed anteriorly as it is,
with few exceptions, in the Tihicinaria ; abdomen about as long as
space between apex of head and base of cruciform elevation t ; a
more or less distinct posterior metasternal process visible in males
between or at the base of the opercula.
This division includes a large number of genera very widely
distributed ; perhaps, but not certainly, absent from the Nearctic
Eegion.
Synojms of Genera.
A. Wings with six apical areas.
a. Tegiuiiia witli trausver&e vein at base of
second apical area nearly vertical.
(I. Front of head a little shorter than ver-
tex, their margins continuous ; the
front not produced, and about, or
nearly, twice broader than long .... Abroma, p. 105.
a'. Front of liead about as long or a little
shorter than vertex, their margins dis-
continuous and almost at right angles
to each other ; the front prominent,
not nearly twice as broad as long. . . . Lemuiu.\xa, p. 160.
B. "Wings with iive apical areas Panka, p. 168.
* Founded on the Neotropical genus TapJmra.
■■' Except in the Ethiopian genus Mal((gasia, and in Kcmakia, at present repre-
sented by a species from New Caledonia.
ABltOMA.
165
Genus ABROMA.
Tibicen, subgen. Abroma, St&l, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 27 (1866).
Abroma, Karsch, Berl. cnt. Zeit. xxxv, p. Ill (1890).
Type, A. guerini, Sign., from Mauritius.
Distribution. Neotropical, Ethiopian, Oriental, and Malayan
Regions, and found in New Caledonia.
Head (including eyes) wider than base of mesouotura, the eyes
projecting beyond the anterior angles of the pronotum, front of
head a little shorter than vertex, the margins of both more or less
continuous, the front not prominently produced aud about, or
nearly, twice broader than long, ocelli little more apart from eyes
than from each other ; pronotum about as long as head, the lateral
margins not ampliated, nearly straight, the posterior angles
moderately dilated ; mesonotum (including cruciform eleAation)
about as long as head aud pronotum together; abdomen mode-
rately robust, the tympana completely exposed ; opercula in male
short, oblique, passing base of abdomen ; rostrum passing the
intermediate coxie ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the first about
three times as long as broad, with eight apical areas, and with the
transverse vein at base of second apical area nearly vertical ; wings
with six apical areas.
1672. Abroma maculicollis, Gi/er. (Cicada) Voi/. ^CoquiUe,' ZooL\\ 183
( 1830) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Ben,/. liii,p. 230'(188o) ; Dist. (Tibicen)
Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 131, t.'xiv, f. 23, a, h (1892).
Body fuscous-brown or castaneous ; head with the margins of
front aud vertex, a central hourglass-shaped fascia to pronotum,
four obconical spots to mesonotum (the central pair shortest)
ibroiUK iwicuUcoUU.
fuscous or dark castaneous ; body beneath and legs pale castaneous,
the face darker, and the anterior marginal area to eyes greyishly
tomentose ; tegmina and wings pale hyaline, the former with the
costal membrane pale castaneous ; opercula in male small and
lobately directed inwards ; the rostrum, passes the intermediate
coxre.
^()6 CICADIDtE
Length excl. tegiu., J & $ , 20 ; exp. togm. 55 to 5G millim.
Hab. Bengal (Jide Gverln). Ceylon (Green). — Malay Penin-
sula ; Perak {Doherty). Borneo ; Kiua Balu (WJuteJiead).
1673. Abroma bengaleiisis, sp. n.
(f . Body brownish-ochraceous ; head with the apex of front,
area of ocelli, and a spot at each anterior angle of vertex, prouotum
with a central longitudinal fascia (widened posteriorly) and the
incisures, and the niesonotum with four obconical spots (of which
the two central ones are shortest) castaneous ; posterior margins
of eyes and posterior margin of prouotum piceous ; cruciform
elevation stramineous ; abdomen above with its lateral areas
piceous, a large basal spot on each lateral area, posterior margin
of apical segment, and the anal ap])endage stramineous ; head
beneath and sternum longly greyishlv pilose, abdomen more
shortly pilose; tegmina and wings hyaline, the venation fuscous-
brown ; tegmina "\^■ith the costal membrane brovvuish-ochraceous ;
head with the front much broader than long, its width about equal
to the length of each lateral margin of vertex : tegmina long,
about three times longer than their greatest width ; rostrum just
passing the intermediate coxae ; lateral areas of the face oblique,
strongly transversely striate.
Length excl. tegm., d" , 17 ; exp. tegm. 58 millim.
Hah. Bengal ; Kurseong (Coll. JJist.).
1074. Abroma nubifurca, TVa/k. (Cicada) List Mom. Suppl. p. 28
(1858) : Stdl (Tibiceu), Oft: Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1862, p. 485 ; Dist.
A. 31. N. H. (G) ix, p. 325 (1892).
Cicada apicalis, Kirhy, J. Linn. Soc, Zool. xxiv, p. 131, t. v, f. 1
(1891).
Head and thorax above castaneous-brown, abdomen piceous,
both greyish ly pilose ; pronotum with a central longitudinal
fascia and the lateral and posterior margins obscurely ochraceous ;
mesonotum with two small obscure, central, oehraceously-margined
spots ; bod}' beneath pale fuscous-brown, legs and opercula pale
ochraceous, the whole greyishly pilose ; tegmina and wings pale
hyaline, the venation fuscous; tegmina with the costal membrane
pale ochraceous, a spot at apex of radial area, transverse veins at
bases of the first and second apical areas, and an apical spot
fuscous.
Length excl. tegm., (S & 5 , 12 to 14 ; exp. tegm. 32 to 40
millim,
Heih. Ceylon; Iviiniy (Green).
Genus LEMURIANA.
Lemuriana, Dist. A. M. N.H. (7) xvi, p. 32 (1905).
Type, L. (tpicalis, Germ.
J
LEMURIANA.
\6:
Distribution. Ethiopian and Oriental Regions.
Head (including eyes) broader than base of mesonotum ; head
with the front prominent, not twice as broad as long, about as
long or a little shorter than vertex, its margins and those of
vertex discontinuous, eyes projecting beyond the anterior angles
of pronotum, which is about as long as head, its lateral margins
sinuate, its posterior angles moderately ampliate ; mesonotum
(including cruciform elevation ) nearly as long as head and pronotuni
together ; abdomen about as long as space between apex of head
and base of cruciform elevation ; tympana entirely exposed ;
opercula in male short, narrow, trans\'erse ; posterior metasternal
process distinct, in male produced between the inner angles of the
opercula ; anterior femora strongly spined beneath ; tegmina and
wings hyaline ; tegmina with the two upper ulnar areas as long as
the remaining ulnar areas, apical areas eight ; wings with six
apical areas.
1675. Lemuriana apicalis, Gei-7n. (Cicada) Tho)i's Arch, ii, 2, p. 44
(1830) : Silb. JRev. Ent. ii, p. 63 (1864) ; Stdl (Tibiceuj, Ann.
Soc. Ent. Fr. 1861, p. 618; Dist. Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 131,
t. xii, f. 15, a, b (1892).
Cicada semicincta, Ti'alk. List Horn, i, p. 142 (1850).
Head above black, sometimes with a castaneous spot on front ;
pronotum castaneous, with the margins and a central hourglass-
shaped fascia black ; mesonotum castaneous, with three obconical
black spots, the central spot
shortest and bifid ; abdo-
men black, with a greyish-
white tomentose spot on
the lateral margins of both
the first and second ab-
dominal segments, and a
similarly coloured basal mar-
gin to the sixth and some-
times also to the fifth seg-
ment ; body beneath black ;
the legs pale oehraceous, the femora more or less castaneous above ;
lateral areas of the sternum oehraceous and greyishly tomentose ;
margins of the opercula and lateral areas of the abdomen pale
castaneous. (In some specimens the mesonotum, opercula, and
abdomen beneath are wholly black.) Tegmina and wings hyaline,
venation mostly fuscous ; tegmina with the costal membrane
oehraceous and with an apical fuscous spot.
Length excl. tegm., cJ , 17 ; exp. tegm. 48 millim.
Hab. Mussooree (MacHnnon). Bombay {Ind. 2Ius.) ; Karwar
(Coll. Dist.).
Fis
Lemuriana apiccdis.
168
cicadid.t:.
Genus PANKA.
Paiika, Dl6f. A. M. N. H. (7) xvi, p. 34 (lOOo).
Type, P. shmdata, Dist.
Distribution. Ethiopian and Oriental Eegions.
Head (including eyes) about as wide or a little wider than base
of ujesonotum, its length not equal to breadth between the inner
maro-ius of eyes ; pronotum longer than head, its lateral margins
nearly straight, its posterior lateral angles subdentately produced ;
abdomen in female a little longer than space between apex of
head and base of cruciform elevation ; anterior femora strongly
spined beneath ; tegmina and wings hyaline ; tegmiua with eight,
wings M-ith five apical areas.
1670. Panka simulata, Dist. A. 37. .Y. H. (7) xvi, p. 34 (1905).
Tibicen uubifurca, I)ist. (excl. syn.) Mo)/. Orient, dead. p. 131,
t. xiv, f. 24, «, b (1892).
Closely resembling Ahroma
aahifurca, Walk, (ante, p. 166),
in fact almost indistinguishable
from that species save by the
structural character of the vena-
tion to the wings, which possess
only five apical areas.
Length excl. tegra., $,11 to
13; exp. tegm. 31 to 38 niillim.
Bab. Ceylon; ^latate((rreeii).
This sinuilation or resemblance between species of different
genera is in the Cicadidae not confined to the above species. In
South Africa three species of very distinct genera are inseparable
except for the structural generic characters.
Fanka dinidatu.
Division PAENISAEIA*.
Parnisaria, Digt. A. M. K. If. (7) xvi, p. 203 (1905).
This is a division or large group of genera allied to the
Taphuraria, but differing principally by the size and position of
the eyes, which do not project, or at least not distinctly so, bej'ond
the anterior angles of the pronotum ; the abdomen is usually short,
except in a few cases, not longer than the space between the apex
of head and base of cruciform elevation.
Only one genus can at present be included m the fauna of British
India.
* Founded on the Neotropical genus I'arnit>a.
QUINTILIA.. 169
Geiuis ftUINTILIA.
Tibiceu, subgeu. Quintilia, St&I, Hem. Afr. iv. p. 26 (1866).
Quintilia, Karsch, Bed. ent. Zeit. xxxv, p. Ill (1890).
Type, Q. rujiventris, Walk., a South African species.
Distribution. Ethiopian and Oriental Hegious, also reeorclecl
from China.
Head (including eyes) narrower than base of mesouotum, the
front not prominently projecting, about as broad as length of
lateral margins to vertex, tlie margins of both more or less con-
tinuous, vertex a little longer than front ; pronotum about as long
as head, posterior angles broadly aiiipliate ; mesonotum (including
cruciform elevation) about as long as head and pronotum together ;
abdomen moderately robust ; tym pana completely exposed ; opercula
in male very short and transverse ; rostrum passing the inter-
mediate coxoe ; tegmina and wings hyaline, sometimes semi-opaque,
the first about, or nearly, three times as long as greatest breadth,
basal cell usually about twice as long as broad, apical areas eight ;
wings with six apical areas.
1G77. Quintilia SUbvitta, Walk. (Cicada) List Horn, i, p. 222 (18o0) ;
Atkins. J. A. S. Benq. liii, p. 230 (1885) : Htal (Tibiceii), 6fv.
Vet.-Ah Fork. 1862", p. 48-j ; Dist. Man. Orient. Cicad. p. 129,
t. xii, f. 17, a, h (1892).
Cicada strigosa, Walk. Ins. Saund., Honi. p. 10 (1858).
Body above black ; head with a small spot on lateral margins of
vertex and a central spot at base, pronotvim with the anterior and
posterior margins, a central longitudinal fascia, the incisures
(sometimes the lateral areas),
mesonotum with faint outlines
of the margins of two central
obconical spots, and the apices
of the cruciform elevation ochra-
ceous ; margins of abdominal
segments and basal area of last
abdominal segment eastaneous ;
16.— Quintilia subvitta. body beneath \\ith the lateral
margins of the face, sternal spots,
opercula, and disk of abdomen ochraceous ; legs black, considerably
spotted and streaked with ochraceous ; tegmina and wings hyaline,
venation mostly fuscous ; tegmina with tlie outer edge of costal
membrane and extreme base ochraceous, basal cell, a short fascia
crossing apex of radial area and maculately continued to apex of
interior ulnar area, transverse veins at bases of apical areas, and a
small apical spot piceous ; wings with extreme base ochraceous, a
fascia crossing bases of apical areas, a spot at anal angle, and base
of anal area fuscous.
Length excl. tegm., J , 16 ; exp. tegm. 45 millim.
Hah. Mussooree {MacMnnon). N.W. Himalaya {CoU. Dist.).
8ikhim {Iml. Mus.).
170
CICADID.i:.
Division CHLOROCYSTARIA*.
ChlorocYstaria, Dist. A. M. N. H. (7) xvi, p. 212 (1905).
In this division the abdomen in the males is always more or
less inflated or dilated, \a ith a central longitudinal dorsal ridge,
and longer than the space between the apex of head and base of
cruciform elevation ; the head (including eyes) is a little narrower
than base of mesonotum ; tegmina always longer than body, their
greatest width only about a third of their length.
Only one genus can at present be included in this fauna.
Genus KUMANGA.
Kumauga, Dist. A. 31. N. H. (7) xvi, p. 21-5 (1905).
Type, K. sandaracata, Dist.
Distribution. Burma.
Head with the front narrow, about as long as broad, including
eyes narrower than base of mesonotum ; pronotum narrowed
anteriorly ; mesonotum (including cruciform elevation) slightly
shorter than head and pronotum together ; abdomen in male
longer than the space betA^een apex of head and base of cruciform
elevation ; tympana entirely exposed ; opercula completely covering
the sonorous cavities and projecting beyond the lateral margins
of the abdomen as seen from above ; rostrum reaching the inter-
mediate coxpe ; tegmina and wings hyaline ; tegmina \^ith eight
apical areas, seventh and eighth about equally long, basal cell about
twice as long as broad ; wings with six apical areas.
1678. Kumanga sandaracata, Dist. (Beetmia) Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen.
xxvi, p. 458, t. iv, f. 4 (1888) ; id. Mon. Orient, dead. p. 151,
t. vii, f. 0, a, h (1892).
Kurnanga san da roeata.
J . Body above, sternum, and legs pale testaceous ; abdomen
beneath ochraceous ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the venation and
* Fouuded on au Australian genus.
MELAMPSALTA, 171
the costal membrane of the first pale testaceous ; rostrum reaching
the intermediate coxae.
Length excl. tegm., J , 30 ; exp. tegm. 72 millim.
Hah. Burma; Teinzo (Fm).
1 have seen only one specimen of this species, which is now
contained in the Genoa Museum.
Division MELAMPSALTABIA.
Melampsaltaria, Dist. A. M. N. H. (7) xvi, p. 269 (1905).
This division is very easily recognised by the distinct venation
of the tegmina, in which the upper vein of the lower ulnar area
is more or less fused with the lower vein to the radial area, this
union being continued for some distance from the apex of the basal
cell.
Two genera are found in British India.
Synopsis of Genera.
A. Wings with six apical areas Melampsalta, p. 171.
B. Wings with five apical areas Pauuopsalta, p. 174.
Genus MELAMPSALTA.
Melampsalta, Kolenat. Mel. Ent. vii, p. 27 (1857) ; Bull Soc. Naf.
Mosc. XXX, p. 42o (1857); StSl, Hem. Aft: iv. p. 42 (1806);
Karsc/i, Bed. ent. Zeit. xxxv, pp. 112 & 123 (1890).
Melampsalta (Melampsalta), Amyot, Ann, Soc. Ent. Fr. 1847, p. 155
.^^^- - ....
Cicadetta, Kolenat. Mel. Ent. vii, p. 19 (1857) ; Bull. Soc. Isat.
Mosc. XXX, p. 417 (1825).
Cicadetta (Cigalette), Amyot, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1847, p. 156 [352].
Tettigetta, Kolenat. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. xxx, p. 422 (1825).
Tettigetta (Tettigette), Amijot, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1847, p. 156
[352].
Type, M. musiva, Germ.
Distribution. Of almost universal distribution, but apparently
not found in the Neotropical Kegion.
Considerable difficulty appertains to the nomenclature of this
genus. It was first named by Amyot (scarcely described) suj^ra,
and takes precedence of the name Cicadetta which he nsed in a
succeeding page. Kolenati described the genus, but had previously
also described Cicadetta, which, if we take Kolenati as the real
founder, must have priority. However, I follow Stfd, Karsch, antl
other writers in giving the name Melampsalta precedence, as given
by Amyot. I have failed to separate Cicadetta from Melampsalta :
if we compare the type oi the first, the Cicada montana, tScop.,
with the type of Melampsalta (supra) a difference appears in the
position of emergence of the upper vein of the lower ulnar area ;
but much as I endeavoured to thus break up a congested genus,
172 cicadid.t:,
my efforts failed, and the diflerence.s became evanescent w hen a
long series of species was examined.
Head about as long as pronotum, the front broad, its margins
discontinuous with the lateral margins of the vertex, which is
longer than front and is centrally longitudinally sulcate, ocelli
rather nearer to eyes than to each other, eyes scarcely projecting
beyond the anterior augles of the pronotum ; pronotum with the
lateral margins almost straight, the posterior angles moderately
ampliate ; mesonotum (including cruciform elevation) almost as
long as head and pronotum together ; abdomen a little longer
than space between apex of head and base of cruciform elevation ;
tympana entirely exposed ; opercula in male short, not passing
base of abdomen ; tegmina and wings hyaline ; tegmina with the
upper vein of lower ulnar area emitted at some distance from
base of radial area, apical areas eight, postcostal area moderately
broad ; wings with six apical areas.
1079. Melampsalta imisiva, (Ter)n. (Cicada) Tlion's Arch, ii, 2, p. 43
(IS-)O); .Stal (-Melampsalta), Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1861, p. 019
Karsch, Ikrl. ent. Zeit. xxxv, p. 123 (1890).
Melampsalta musiva, var. caspica, Koloiat. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc.
XXX, p. 42o (1857).
Cicada taniarisca, JValk. Zoohxjist, xxviii, jj. 2403 (1870).
Head and mesonotum ochraceous, pronotum tinged with testa-
ceous ; head much shaded with black, especially on vertex, margins
of front, and in two transverse spots on lateral margins of vertex ;
pronotum with the margins and a central longitudinal fascia
ochraceous, the margins of the latter (ampliated anteriorly and
posteriorly) and the inner margins black ; mesonotum with four
obcouical spots (the two central ones short, more or less fused,
outwardly incomplete, and connected with a subtriangular spot in
front of cruciform elevation) black ; centre of cruciform elevation
black ; abdomen brownish-ochraceous, greenishly pilose, posterior
segmental margins ochraceous and with a central series of piceoiis
or black spots ; body beneath and legs paler than above ; two
central fascia? to face, space between face and eyes, rostrum
(excluding base), and shadings to under surface of anterior femora
piceous or black ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the first with the
venation more or less fuscous, the costal membraue pale ochraceous
outwardly margined with fuscous ; wings with the A'enation
ochraceous.
Length excL tegm.. J & $ , 20 to 23; exp. tegm. 50 to 57
milliui.
Bab. Quetta (Ind. Mas.). — South-eastern Pala^arctic Region.
1680. Melampsalta continuata, Dist. (Cicadetta) A. M. N. H. (6) i,
p. 37-J (1888); id. (Melampsalta.) Mon. Orient. Cicad. p. 143,
t. XV, f. 9, fl, b (1892).
5 . Head and thorax above dull black, sparingly greyishly
MELAMPSALTA.
173
pilose : head with the anterior margin, tlie ocelli, a central
linear longitudinal fascia (widened posteriorly) to pronotum, and
the pronotal margins dull
ochraceous ; mesonotum with
two long- longitudinal discal
fasciae, the lateral margins,
and cruciform elevation (ex-
cluding centre) dull ochra-
ceous ; abdomen above casta-
neous-bro\^'n, greyishly pi-
lose, the posterior segmental
margins paler in hue, their
extreme edges ochraceous,
and with an obscure, central,
narrow, longitudinal black fascia ; body beneath and legs reddish-
ochraceous ; head beneath and discal area of face black ; tegmina
and Avings pale hyaline, their bases narro\A ly reddish-ochraceous,
venation more or less olivaceous ; rostrum reaching the inter-
mediate coxcB ; face broad and tumid.
Length excl. tegin., $ , 15 to 18 ; exp. tegin. 38 to 45 millim.
Hah. Quetta {Colls. Athhis. ^- Dist.).
Apart from its smaller size and different coloi'ation, this species
may be distinguished from M. mmiva by the much shorter upper
apical area to tegmina.
McIanipsaUc confin uafa.
1681. Melampsalta literata, Dist. (Cicadetta) A. M. N. H. (6) i,
p. 375 (1888) ; id. (Melampsalta) 3Ioh. Orient. Cicacl. p. 14o,
t. XV, f. 8, a, h {im-1).
5 . Head black, with the lateral and anterior margins narrowly
ochraceous ; pronotum piceous or dull castaneous, the lateral and
posterior mai'gins narrowly ochraceous ; mesonotum ochraceous,
with four obconical black spots (the
two innermost small and fused),
a large spot in front of cruciform
elevation and tlie centre of same
black ; abdomen above dull black,
the posterior segmental margins
narrowly and obscurely dull red-
dish ; body beneath ochraceous,
sternum much shaded with dull
black ; face black, with an anterior
triangular spot and the lateral margins ochraceous ; abdomen with
a central longitudinal series of black spots ; legs ochraceous, femora
and tibia; streaked with piceous ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the
venation olivaceous or fuscous ; rostrum not extending beyond
the intermediate coxa.^
Length excl. tegm., $ , 12; exp. tegra. 37 millim.
Bal>. Kashmir Valley, 6300 feet {Leech, Coll. Dist.).
Fig. 70. — Mi'Iaiiipgalla liUruht.
174
CICADIDtE.
Genns PAUROPSALTA.
Pauropsalta, God. S^- Fro(/(j. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, 1904,
p. Hlo.
Type, P. muerne, "Walk., an Australian species.
Distribution. Probably widely distributed in the Eastern Hemi-
sphere, and, according to present knowledge, most largely repre-
sented in the Australasian Kegion.
This genus is closely allied to Melampsalta, from which it has
A'^ery properly been separated by Godiug and Froggatt by the
venation of the wings, which possess only five, instead of six,
apical areas.
1682. Pauropsalta exequata, Dia. (Melampsalta) Mon. Orient. Cicad.
p. 144, t. XV, f. 11, «, 6(1892).
2 . Body above dull ochraceous and finely pilose ; head (ex-
cluding lateral margins of vertex and a spot at base) pieeous ;
pronotum with a small central dark spot at base, and with a
central incised line which does
not reach the anterior margin ;
mesonotum with a large obconical
black spot on each lateral area
and two very small spots in front
of cruciform elevation ; abdo-
men with the base narrowly
fuscous, and with two more or
less distinct discal longitudinal
macular fuscous fascia? ; body
beneath and legs dull ochraceous, with a broad fuscous fascia
extending from face to apex ot" abdomen ; face fuscous, with the
lateral margins ochraceous ; apices of the femora, tibia?, and tarsi
fuscous ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the venation fuscous or
ochraceovis.
Length excl. tegm., $ , 14 ; exp. tegm. 37 millim.
Hah. Assam ; Naga Hills {Doherttj).
Fig. 80. — Pauropsalta exequata.
FULGOEIDJE, 175
Family FULGORID.^.
Fiilgoi'idas, Ledch, Edin. Eneu. ix (1817) ; Westiu. Mod. Class. Ins.
ii, p. 427 (1840) ; Fieb. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xvi, p. 497 (1866) ;
Atkins. J. A. S. Bemj. liv, p. 127 (1885); Melich. Horn. Faun.
Ceijlon, p. 10 (1908) ; Hansen, Entomologist, 1903, p. 93.
Fulgorellfe, Latr. Gen. iii. p. 163 (1807) ; Spin. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.
1839, pp. 133 & 202.
Fulcrorina, Burm. Handb. Ent. ii, 1, pp. 102 & 144 (1835).
Fiilgorida, Stdl, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 128 (1866).
Ocelli two, rarely three or none, one on each gena, third (when
present) placed on apex of front; gensB reflexed, very often sejDa-
rated from the front by a i-idge ; tegmina at base with a teo-ula
which is hidden, but seldom absent ; anterior coxae inserted near
the sides of the body, very often elongate, posterior pair transverse,
contiguous, extending to the lateral margins of the body.
The above characters were those relied upon by Stal, Hansen,
who microscopically studied the family, or at least some repre-
sentatives of it, after alluding to the two great divisions of the
Fulgoridse, in which the subfamily Delphaciiue is distinguished from
the other subfamilies by the possession of a mobile spur at the
apex of the posterior tibiae (as pointed out by Stfil), also discovered
that the sensory organs on the second peduncular segment or
joint of the antennae are furnished with bristles in the Delphacince,
but in the Fulgorinoi with lamellar lobes (" blades "), which are
sometimes feebly, but generally very well developed.
Hansen is dissatisfied with Stal's division of subfamilies as
here, and usually by other workers, followed ; but as his criticisms
are based on minute and microscopical characters, not yet fully
elucidated, and difficult of apprehension save by advanced morpho-
logical students, we must await a fuller enunciation of his system
before attempting to apply it to a purely faunistic publication like
the present one. The value of Hansen's work is undoubted, but
its application at present, owing to its incomplete character, is
impossible. We therefoi-e follow StSl in his arrangement of
subfamilies, a matter of considerable difficidty as they are ill-detined.
Sijnopsis of iSnbfamilies.
I. Anal area of wings reticulated, the ridge
sepai'ating the front from the genae con-
tinued on the sides of tlie clvpeus Fahjorince.
II. Anal area of wings very rarely reticulate,
when so, the clypeus convex without
lateral ridges.
A. Posterior tibiae without a mobile spur
at apex.
a. Face broad, transverse, or almost
equally broad as long, amplified on
both sides in a distinct angle ; an-
terior legs compressed, more or less
dilated ; anal area of wings some-
times reticulated E«rifhrach)/dina'.
a'. Face not laterally augidate ; legs very
often simple ; anal area of wings
never reticulate,
b. Clavus very rarely granulate, acumi-
nate at apex, rarely somewhat
obtusely but distinctly closed, two
Aeins remote or veiT remote from
the apex, sometimes behind middle
of clavus united in one ; costa
very rarely dilated ; tegmina
sometimes abbreviated or connate
Avith clavus and corium.
c. Claval vein not reaching apex,
united with commissural margin
near apex ; tegmina sometimes
abbreviated, or connate with
clavus aud corium, when so, the
lateral margins of the clypeus
are carinate.
d. Face without au apical ocel-
lus ; lateral margins of the
clypeus always carinate or
acute Dietyo]_)harhui:.
d'. Usually three ocelli, one of
which is situate ou the apex
of the front ; frontal ocellus
very rarely wanting, and if
so, the sides of the clypeus
are convex and not carinate . Oiriince.
c'. Claval vein continued to the
apex itself, or united with the
claval suture near apex : teg-
mina sometimes abbreviated, or
connate with clavus and corium,
when so, the lateral margins of
the clypeus are not cariuate.
e. Head narrower than the thorax ;
sides of the clypeus carinate ;
last joint of rostrum elongate ;
thorax angularly emarginate
at base ; tegmina ampliated
inwardly behind the clavus :
posterior tarsi with the first
joint elongate Achiliiw.
e'. Head narrower than the thorax;
sides of clypeus without a
ridge or with an obtuse ridge;
FULGORID,!". 17'ii
thorax very often angularly
emarginate at the base, very
rarely roundly sinuate, trica-
rinate ; lateral ridges diverg-
ing, very often reaching the
base; commissural margin of
tegmina straight or rounded
behind the clavus ; costa
sometimes dilated, costal mem-
brane usually transversely
veined ; first joint of posterior
tarsi elongate Tropidachince.
e'-. Plead very often narrower than
the thorax ; sides of clypeus
sometimes carinate ; last joint
of rostrum short or very
short ; thorax posteriorly an-
gularly emarginate, ecarinate,
or furnished with an obsolete
ridge; costa simple; posterior
tibiae very often unarmed,
rarely spinose : first joint of
posterior tarsi elongate .... Derhince.
e'*. Head narrower than thorax ;
sides of clypeus carinate ;
rostrum short, stout, last
joint very short ; thorax
truncate at base, carinate or
tuberculate on disk ; first
joint of posterior tarsi robust,
only moderately long LopJiopince.
e' Head not or only a little nar-
rower than the thorax ;
clypeus very often convex,
lateral margins very rarely
furnished with a ridge ;
thorax truncate at base,
rarely broadly roundly-sinu-
ate, without a median ridge
or with only an obsolete one ;
mesonotum short, rarel}'^ twice
longer than pronotum ; teg-
mina coriaceous or subcor-
neous, rarely vitreous, very
rarely flat, more or less
convex, sometimes very much
abbreviated ; first joint of
posterior tarsi short, or mode-
rately short, very rarely elon-
gate Isshice.
VOL. III. N
178 rULGOEIDiE.
e'. Head broad or very broad,
sometimes somewhat nar-
rower thau the thorax ; sides
of clypeus very often without
a ridc^e ; thorax posteriorly
ronuded, sinuate, without
ridges, or furnished only with
an obsolete median ridge ;
mesonotum very large, long :
tegmina fiat, ample, or very
ample ; cosla dilated ; costal
membrane transversely veined
or reticulate ; posterior tibi*
spinose ; first joint of poste-
rior tarsi short, or somewhat
short liica)iiina'.
b'. Clavus granulate, apex sometimes
subacute and closed, sometimes
very obtuse and broadly open,
with two veins separated through
the entire lengtli or united in one
near apex; costa dilated, costal
membrane transversely veined ;
claval suture distinct .... Fl((t\no\
B. Posterior tibiae with a mobile spur at apex. Ddpliucinu'.
Subfamily I. FULGORIN^E.
Fulgorides, Amy. Si Sere. Hem. p. 48S (1843).
Fulgorida, Stal, Hem. Afr. \\, p. 129 (1866); id. Stett. ent. Zeit.
xxxi, pp. 2'ib k 282 (1870).
Fiilgorina, Stdl, Of v. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1870, p. 740.
As pointed out in the synopsis, this subfamily may be recog-
nized by having the anal area of the wings reticulated, and the
ridge separating the front from the gente continued on the sides of
the clypeus.
Division LATEUNARIAlilA *.
This division contains those genera whose species possess a
strong porrect cephalic process or anterior prolongation of the
head, often as loug as the remaining portion of the body, but
sometimes shorter than the abdomen.
'J'he purpose and structure of this process has occasioned much
attention and speculation. It was at one time considered to have
luminous properties, a conclusion promulgated by the well-known
Neotropical traveller and naturalist, Madame Merian, and after-
wards supported by Wesmael and Spinola. The eAidence to the
contrary is, ho\\ever, culminatixe and conclusive. In a paper
* Founded on the Neotroijical genus Laternaria, Fiibr.
PYEOPS. 179
" On a probable Explanation of an Unverified Observation rela-
tive to the Family Fiilgoridse " (Tr. Ent. Soc. 1895, pp. 429 et seq.),
I have endeavoured to reconcile these contrary statements of
trustworthy observers by the suggestion of the sometime and
infrequent presence of parasite and luminous micro-organisms, as
have been found to have caused the luminosity of Midges (Chiro-
nomidse) and Talitrus, a genus of crnstacea (Amphipoda).
Another purpose of this cephalic process has been predicated by
Mr. Annandale (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1900, p. 8G7) as a method of pro-
pulsion, and, to use his words, " if the tip of the nose and the dorsal
surface of the abdomen were pressed together between the finger
and thumb and then suddenly released, the insect would not fail
straight to the ground, but would be propelled for some distance
through tlie air before doing so ; just as would be the case if a
piece of A\halebone A\ere treated in like manner." This has since
been disputed by Mr. Fletcher ('Entomologist,' 1901, p. 50).
>S>fnopsts of Genera.
A. Gente before eyes rouuded or rouudly subtrun-
cate ; apex of face profoundly sinuate ; meso-
notum not centrally carinate ; cephalic process
straiglit Pyeops. p. 179.
B. Genaj before eyes truncate ; apex of face only
moderately or slightly sinuate : mesouotum
centrally carinate ; cephalic process more or
less curved.
a. Face not laterally rounded near apex : teg-
mina always nearly completely, or with more
than apical third, furnished with transverse
small veins or veinlets,
(/. Cephalic process gradually, not suddenly,
narrowed from a little in front of ej'es ;
tegmina moderately broad, their greatest
width more than a third of their length,
their apical margins more or less convexly
rounded Fulgora, p. 182.
/;. Cephalic process suddenly narrowed from a
little in front of eyes ; tegmina somewhat
narrow, their greatest breadth less than a
third of their length, their apical margins
more or less obliquely subtruncate Saiva, p. 192.
b. Face, laterally, somewhat roundly ampliate
near apex ; tegmina with only third or apical
area furnished with remote transverse small
veins or veinlets Alcathous, p. 197.
Genus PYROPS.
Pvrops, Spin. Ann. Soc. Eiit, Fr. 1839, p. 231 ; Ainy. Sf Sero. Hem.
'p. 491 (1843) ; Stdl, Hem. Afr. iv. pp. 133 & 139 (18G6) ; Atkins.
J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 139 (1885) ; Bid. Tr. E. S. 1893, p. 443.
Zanna, Kirk. J. Nat. Hist. Soc. Bomb. xiv. p. 47 (1902) ; Melich.
Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 13 (1903).
Tyi)e, P. tenehrosw', Fabr., an Ethiopian species.
180
PULGORID.lE.
Distribution. Ethiopian and Oriental Eegions.
In a monographic li.st o£ the species of this genus (1893) I
■wpote — "To those who maintain that the first described or
enumerated species of a genus is to be taken as the type of that
genus, it would appear that a new generic name is required, for
the first species cited is the Fulgora candelaria, Linn., which is
luidoubtedly not a Pyi-ops in the sense universally used. However,
all but some recent Homopterists have followed Spinola's second
division as typical, and no useful end would be served in disturbing
the arrangement." Subsequently Kirkaldy (1902) proposed the
substitution of the generic name Zanna for the group of species
Avhich had hitherto been represented by the genus Pyrops, a disturb-
ance in nomenclature for which we can see no adequate reason.
The characters of Pyrops are as follows : — Head forwardly pro-
duced in a long process, as long or louger than the abdomen,
its apex obliquely truncate, behind the eyes furnished with a
subconical or subtriangular callosity, vertex transversely convex,
continued to the apex of the process ; eyes small ; second joint of
antennae short and thick ; pronotum and mesonotum moderately
transversely convex, not ridged, the pronotum gradually anteriorly
narrowed, scarcely or very slightly sinuate at base; tegmina
almost entirely reticulate, valvate or lobate behind the clavus ;
legs robust, short, the anterior trochanters shortly spinous.
A. Abdomen above fulvous or ocJiraceous.
1683. Pyrops dohrni, StSl, Of v. Vet. -Ah. Fork. 1858, p. 449; Dist.
Tr. E. S. 1893, p. 447 ; Kirk. (Zanna) J. Bomb. N. H. Soc. xiv,
p. 48, pi. A, f. 3 (1902).
Pyrops mustelinus, Dist. A. M. N. H. (5) xii, p. 243 (1883).
Zanna punctata, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 14, t. i, f. 3 (1903).
Body and tegmina above and beneath very pale ochraceous, the
head, pronotum, mesonotum, sternum, tegmina, and legs minutely
Fig. 81. — PyrojK dohrni.
black-spotted ; tegmina with the veins darker ochraceous ; abdo-
men cretaceously pilose, especially and prominently on the poste-
rior segmental margins ; anal appendage black, thickly and closely
PYEOPS. 181
cretaceously pilose on its lateral areas ; wings pale creamy white,
the veins pale ochraceous ; femora ochraeeous, annulated with
black near apex, and with a few small black spots between the
annulation and base ; tarsi with the apices of the joints more or
less fuscous.
Length excl. tegm. 34 ; head 14| to 15 ; exp, tegm. 49 to 55
millim.
Hah. Madras Province ; Trivandrum. Ceylon {Green). — Java
{Coll. Dist.).
Dr. Melichar {supra) has unfortunately plunged this species
into the greatest confusion. He has referred to it as punctata,
Oliv., a well-known Ethiopian species, and one which Olivier
described from Stoll's tigure, representing a species which Stoll
stated was from the coast of Guinea. Melichar (mixing two
African species) also quotes in his synonymy Germar, Gray, and
iSpinola ; all which three authors give the proper Ethiopian
habitat. But Melichar goes farther ; he places Pyrops clohrni,
StSl, as a synonym of Saiva coccinea of Walker (well tignred by
Ivirkaldy), to which it has absolutely no resemblance. This error
the difference in coloration alone should have prevented. More-
over, Stal himself, when he examined Walker's types, stated that
'•'■ Hotinus coccinena, Walk, = -£foi!<u»s guttlfer, Stal" (Ofv. Yet.-Ak.
Eorh. 1862, p. 485).
B. Abdomen above blade.
a. Head including cephalic process about as long as abdomen
and only prominently punctate on its basal area.
1684. Pyrops chinensis, Dist. Tr. E. S. 1893, p. 448.
Head, thorax, tegmina, and legs sordidly greyish, very slightly
tinged with ochraceous ; cephalic process with a few black spots,
more numerous on its basal area, its apical margin ochraceous ;
thorax somewhat tliickly spotted with black ; abdomen black, more
or less tinged with cretaceous, the posterior segmental margins
obscurely brownish ; legs prominently and irregularly spotted
with black ; tegmina thickly spotted with black, the spots slightly
larger and more prominent on anterior and apical areas, the vena-
tion ochraceous ; wings lacteous, the venation pale brownish-
ochraceous ; cephalic process about as long as the abdomen, its
apex obliquely truncate and moderately excavate, exhibiting eight
narrow longitudinal carinse, some of which are much waved and
become obscure towards base.
Length excl. tegm. 34 to 35; head 14; exp. tegm. 60 to 65
millim.
Hah. Naga Hills (DoAer^y).— China ; Chia-Hou-Ho {Coll. Dist.).
Besides differing in colour from the preceding species, P. chi-
nensis may also be differentiated by the more robust cephalic
process.
182 fulgoridtE.
1685. Pyrops chennelli, sp. u.
Head, prouotum, body beueatb, legs, and tegmina pale ocbra-
ceous ; head coarsely blackly punctate, sparingly above at base,
and more thickly so on basal half of each lateral area ; thorax
above and sternum sparingly blackly punctate ; femora with a
subapical macular black annulation, the tibia? blackly punctate
beneath ; abdomen above black, the posterior segmental margins
ochraceous, abdomen beneath more or less shaded with piceous ;
tegmina finely spotted with black, the spots a little larger on upper
half, smaller and denser on the posterior half ; wings lacteous with
the venation ochraceous ; head including caphalic process about
as long as abdomen, the central cariuae faint both above and
beneath, the apex ridged, and \\ith a subapical ridge connected
with the apex by a longitudinal carina, face strong, marginally
ridged.
Length excl. tegm. 25 ; head 10 ; exp. tegm. 47 millim.
Hab. Assam ; Naga Hills (ChenneU).
aa. Head including cepludic process longer than abdomen and
lyrominently punctate nearly tliroughout its entire length.
168(3. Pyrops affinis, Westiv. (Fulgora) Trans. Linn. Soc. sviii, p. 144,
t. xii, f. 6 (1841) ; Hist. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1893, p. 448 ; id. (part.)
Kirby, J. Linn. Soc, Zool. xxiv, p. 133 (1891).
Pyrops punctata (part.), Walk. List Horn, ii, p. 208 (1851) ;
id. (part.) Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 140 (1885).
This species is allied to the preceding (P. chennelli)., from ^^■hich it
differs by the head including cephalic process being coarsely blackly
punctate nearly throughout its entire length, and also by being
considei'ably longer than the abdomen ; the abdomen beneath is
blackly muculate, not suffused with piceous.
Length excl. tegm, 27 to 28 : head 12 to 12^ ; exp. tegm. 51 to
58* millim.
Hab. Sikhim {Coll. Dist.).
This species appears to have been originally described and
figured from one of Gen. Hardwicke's drawings of the baustellated
insects of Nepaul, now contained in the library of the British
Museum.
Genus FULGORA.
Fulgora, Linn. Si/st. Nat. (ed. xii.) i, p. 703 (1767) ; Stal, Hem. Afr.
iv, p. 133 (18«6).
Hotinus, Am7/. ^- Sen: Hem. p. 490 (1843).
Pyrops, Kirk. J. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. xiv, p. 47 (1902) ; Melich.
Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. ii (1903).
* According to WestwoocVs figure.
FULGORA. 183
Type, F. candelaria, Linn.
DistrihutioH. Oriental and Malayan Eegions, exten ng north to
China.
There have been some renewed attempts to supplant the name
of this well-known and interesting genus, which if there was
sufficient ground for so doing would still be a misfortune in
nomenclature. In 1764 Linnreus proposed his genus Lateniaria,
which Kirkaldy affirms is a synonym of Fulr/ora, Linn. (1767), and
which he rejects as lacking description. But Linnaeus denoted
Lateniaria by reference to figures in Merian and Rose!, and fixing
the type as L. phosphorea^ Linn., afterwards referred to it under
FnJgora (1867) as laternaria, Linn. It certainly seems pedantry
to refuse to recognize any old genus fixed by reference to
good figures, and to put in its place one only insufficiently and
vaguely described, as was usual in the writings of the early
entomologists. Moreover, Laternaria represents a genus of
]Veotropical insects possessing a striking and peculiar facies, not
in any way to be confused with that of Fulr/ora. I have given a
synopsis of the species of Laternaria (cf. Biol. Centr.-Amer.,
Ehynch. Horn, i, p. 22, ]883). Fulgora, Linn. (1767), has its type
in F. candelaria, Linn., the second species previously included in
Laternaria (1764). Amyot and Serville (1843), not recognizing
Laternaria, proposed the genus Hotinus and as its type candelarius,
a course previously adopted by Spinola (1839), when he used the
same species as the type of the first division of his genus Pyrops.
. Westwood, Stal, Butler, Atkinson, and the present writer have
always recognized the genus as Fulr/ora, and by this name there is
abundant reference to it in natural histor}'^ publications.
Fulr/ora, as described by Stal, is to be recognized by the "vertex
nmch broader than the eyes ; liead furnished with a long process,
rounded or subtetragoual ; genie truncated before the eyes ; front
slightly sinuated at apex, furnished with 2-3 longitudinal ridges ;
legs slender ; mesouotum (scutellum of 8tal) slightly cariuate ;
cephalic process more or less curved." Other characters are given
in the generic synopsis {ante, p. 179).
I. Apex of cephalic process not strongly globose.
A. Wings ocliraceous ivltli the apicrd areas hlach.
a. Head and cephalic process ochraceoiis, measured from apex
to eyes as long as from anterior margin of mesonotum to
abrlominal apex.
1687. Fulgora candelaria, Linn. (Cicada) Ada Holm. p. 63, t. i, ff. 5 &
6 (1746) ; id. (Laternaria) Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 153 (1764) ; id.
(Fulgora) Syst. Xat. (ed. xii.) i, p. 703 (1767) ; F(d)r. Si/st. Ent.
p. 673 (1775) ; Oliv. Enc. Meth.Vi, pp. 568 & 593, t. cix, f. 3 (1790) ;
Oerm. (Flata) Mar/, iii, p. 189 (1818) ; S/mi. (Pyropsj Ann. Sac.
184
TULGOBID.^D.
Ent. Fr. 1839, p. 238 ; Amy. is- Serv. (Hotinus) Him. p. 491
(1843) ; Weshv. (Fulgora) Tr. Linn. Soc. xviii, p. 138 (1841) ;
Athins. J. A. S. Ben;/, liv, p. 128 (188o).
Head (including cephalic process) brownisli-ochraceous above.
a little paler (especially at base) beneath, minutely spotted with
white, the apex ochraceous ; pronotum and mesonotum brownish-
ochraceous, the first Avith two indented discal spots, and
the latter with four anterior obconical and two oblique discal
spots, black ; metauotmn, abdomen above, sternum, and legs
ochraceous, spots to metanotum, lateral segmental spots to abdomen
above, anal appendage, anterior and intermediate tibia? and tarsi,
and abdomen beneath black, the last with the posterior segmental
margins, lateral margins, and sexual organs ochraceous ; tegmina
piceous, with closely reticulate pale olivaceous venation, with an
Fig. 82. — Fulgorin cnndelarki.
ochraceous transverse fascia with pale margins near base, two
similar fascia) often medially fused near centre, followed by two
transverse series of spots and an apical cluster of ochraceous spots;
wings ochraceous, with the apical area broadly black ; cephalic
process considerably upwardly recurved, its apex a little compressed,
measured from angle of apex to eyes about as long as from
anterior margin of mesonotum to abdominal apex.
Length ceph. process, angle from apex to eyes IG to 20 ; eyes
to appx abdom. 21 to 25 ; exp. tegm. 65 to 75 millim.
Ilah. Sikhim, Assam {Ind. Mus.). "Himalaya" {Coll. Dlst.). —
Cambodia; Hainan: China.
A lepidopterous parasite in the waxy secretion of this species
has been described by Prof. Westwood (Tr. Ent. Soc. 1876,
p. 519).
FULGORA. 185
a'. Head and cepliulic process r/reen, meastired from opex to eyes
OS lonrj as from posterior angle of mesonotum to ahdominal
apex.
1688. Fulgora viridirostris. Wcstio. (Ful^orii (Hotina)) Cab. Orient.
Eld. p. 8. t. iii, f. 4 (1848) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Benff. \W, p. 129
(1885).
Fiilo'ora brevirostris. Butl. Proc. Zool. Sac. 1874. p. 97. t. xv,
f. 1 ; Atl-ins. J. A.S. Beng. liv, p. 128 (1885).
Head (includiDg cephalic process) green, or in faded specimens
ochraceous, minutely spotted with Avhite ; prouotum \\ith two
dark indented discal spots ; mesonotum with four obconical
anterior spots and an oblique spot on each lateral area (often
obscure) piceous ; prosternum with a longitudinal black fascia on
each side ; rostrum piceous : tegmina closely resembling in
markings those of F. candelaria ; wings ocliraceous, with the apical
areas broadly black ; cephalic process considerably upwardly
recurved, its apex a little compressed, measured from angle of apex
to eyes about as long as space between posterior angle of meso-
notum and abdomen.
Length ceph. process, angle from apex to eyes 12 to 15 ; eyes
to apex abdom. 19 to 21 ; exp. tegm. 65 to 73 millim.
Hab. Assam; Margherita(/>o7(er<//). Jninuayalley (Maclinnon).
Burma ; North Chin Hills ( Wat.?on). — Penang {Boivring).
a''. Head, and cephalic process hlaclc above, ochraceous l>eneath, its
apex concolorous, meastired from apex to ei/es as long as from
middle of mesonotum to abdomincd apex.
1689. Fulgora spinolae. Jf>si?f. (Fulgora (Pyrops)) A.M.N.H. \x,
p. 118 (1842) ; id. (Fulg-ova (Hotina)) Cab. Orient. Ent. p. 73,
t. xxxvi, f. 1 (1848) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 129 (1885).
Head (including cephalic process) ahoveand on lateral areas black,
minutely spotted \\\i\\ white, beneath ochraceous ; thorax above
ochraceous or greenish-ochi'aceous, a broad central black fascia
traversing both pro- and mesonota ; three small spots on each side
of antei'ior margin, a larger oblique spot on disk of each lateral
area, and two small posterior spots to mesonotum black ; abdomen,
body beneath, and legs ochraceous, a black fascia traversing lateral
areas of pro- and mesosterna ; rostrum, tibiae, and tarsi black or
piceous ; body beneath greyishly pubescent, with some transverse
segmental piceous shadings to abdomen beneath ; tegmina and
wings coloured and marked generally as in the preceding species ;
cephalic process considerably up\^■ardly recurved, its apex a little
compressed, measured from angle of apex to eyes as long as from
middle of mesonotum to abdominal apex.
Length ceph. process, angle from apex to eyes 16 to 20 ; eyes
to apex abdom. 20 to 23 ; exp. tegm. 70 to 73 millim.
Hab. Sikhim, Sylhet, Assam {Ind. Mns.) ; Margherita and Naga
Hills {Doherty). Mysore {Ind. Mns.).
186
FULGORIDJE.
a^. Head and cepJialic 2»'0cess black above, olivaceous beneath, its
apex ocJiraceous, measured from ajje.v to eyes as long as from
posterior angle of mesonotum to abdominal aj^ex.
1090, Fulgora lathburi, Wm. Kirby, Tr. Linn. Soc xii, p. 4.j0 (1818) ;
Gncr. Icon. lieyne An.., Ins. t. Iviii, f. 2 (1830-4) ; Germ.
(Flata) Thou's 'Arch, ii, 2, p. 46 (1830) : AtJdns. (Fulgora)
J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 129 (188-5).
Head (iiidiuliiig cephalic process) above and laterally black,
minutely spotted with white, beneath pale ochraceous, its apex
ochraceous ; thorax above ochraceous or greenish-ochraceous ;
anterior uiargiu and a broad central fascia to proiiotum, a
broad central maculate fascia, two small spots on each side of
anterior margin, and a large oblique spot on each lateral area of
mesouotum black ; abdomen ochraceous, sternum and legs pale
olivaceous ; a black fascia on each lateral ai'ea of pro- and
mesosterna ; rostrum, tibite, and tarsi piceous or testaceous-brown ;
tegmina piceous, with the reticulate venation pale green, somewhat
closely ornamented with round pale castaneous spots whose margins
are pale green, the apical spots smallest, and some of the subapical
spots confluent ; wings ocbraceous, their apical areas largely
black ; cephalic process considerably upwardly recurved, its apex
a little globose, measured from angle of apex to eyes about as long
as from posterior angle of mesonotum to abdominal apex.
Length ceph. process, angle from apex to eyes 15; eyes to apex
abdom. 23 ; exp. tegm. 80 millim.
Hab. Silhet (/Soit't'/^).— China ; Hong Kong (C'o/7. Dist.).
B. Wings wTiitish or greenish-ivJiite, apical areas piceous
tviiJi wJiite spots.
b. Ceplialic process very strongly recurved, blacTc above, olivaceous
beneath, measured from apex to eyes nearly as long as from
anterior margin of mesonotum to abdominal apex.
1691. Fulgora connectens, Atkins. J. A. S. Beny. liv, p. 130 (1885) ;
id. J. A. S. Beny. Ivii, p. 338, t. xv, middle figure.
Head (including cephalic process) above and on lateral areas
black, beneath olivaceous ; thorax black or piceous ; pronotum
with a very broad, greenish-ochraceous, transverse basal fascia ;
mesonotum with the anterior angles, lateral margins, and posterior
angle pale tawny ; abdomen pale brownish-ochraceous, very thickly
greyishly tomentose at base ; body beneath and legs brownish-
ochraceous ; rostrum, tibia?, tarsi, and anal appendage black or
piceous ; tegmina piceous with the reticulate venation pale green,
crossed on basal half by three broad ochraceous fasciae, followed
by a series of three spots, two together near costa, the other near
posterior margin, before apex a series of live spots, three connected
above and two beneath, and two or three smaller spots on apical
FCLGORA. 187
area, the costal membrane is ocliraceous with four black spots and
there are three blaelc spots on claval ai*ea ; wings white, basal area
suffused with pale green, apical area black, with five or six white
spots ; cephalic process very strongly recurved, its apex a little
compressed, measured from angle of apex to eyes nearly as long
as from anterior margin of mesonotum to abdominal apex.
Length cepli. process, angle from apex to eyes 19; eyes to apex
abdom. 23 ; exp. tegm. SO millim.
Hah. Burma; Karen Hills (Z?o/i^>-/y). Tenasserim (/»<:?. 3/i(S.).
b'. Geplialic process moderateli/ recurved, usually some shade of
fulvous above, olivaceous or ocliraceous beneath, measured, from
apex to ei/es about ns long as body excludinr/ head.
1692. Fulgora OCUlata, Westw. Tr. Linn. Sac. xviii, p. 142, t. xii, f. 5
(1841)*; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 131 (ISSo).
Var. a. oculata, Westw. (Fulgora (Hotina) ) Cab. Orient. Ent.
p. 73, t. xxxvi, f. 2(1848).
Var. b. subocellata, Guer. (Fulgora) Rev. Zool. p. 183 (1839) ;
DeJess. Souv. J^oi/. Inde, p. 66, t. xvi, f. 1 (1842).
Var. c. verhuelli, Atkins. J. A. S. Bent/, liv, p. 132 (1883).
Head (including cephalic process) fulvous or olivaceous, finely
spotted with white above, ochraceous or pale olivaceous beneath ;
head with an obscure piceous spot at base ; body and legs f ulvous-
ochraceous ; pronotum with two discal oblique spots and a spot
on each lateral area, mesonotum with six spots (arranged in pairs)
on anterior margin and a spot on each lateral area, piceous ;
abdomen strongly cretaceously tomentose ; apices of anterior and
intermediate femora, anterior and intermediate tibiae and tarsi,
posterior tarsi and the rostrum piceous or black ; tegmina pale
olivaceous, finely cretaceously tomentose, sparingly ornamented
with small fulvous spots with pale margins, those ou costal area
with wider paler margins, a few transverse linear piceous costal
spots above radial area ; wings subhyaline, cretaceously tomentose,
with a centi'al orange-red patch towards costal area and with a
few cretaceous apical spots.
This is the typical coloration and marking : the varietal forms
vary in having the tegmina darker in hue, the ocellated spots
much larger, and the apices of the wings with a distinct piceous
background for the cretaceous spots ; cephalic process moderately
recurved, its apex a little compi-essed, measured from angle of
apex to eyes about as long as body excluding head.
Length ceph. process, angle from apex to eyes 21 ; eyes to apex
abdom, 21 ; exp. tegm. 78 to 88 millim.
Hah. Nepal. Malabar. — Malay Peninsula. Java. Borneo.
* 1841 is the date of the vol. in which Westwood's paper appeared. That
paper, however, was read in 1>^37, and probably was published in the part of
the 'Transactions' issued in that year or the next. Consequently we consider
Westwood's name has priority over Giierin's specific name.
188 FULGORID^.
C. Wings hhiisJi -green, with ilie anneal area and usually tlie posterior
margin bJacJf.
c. Cejyhalic process castaneous, its apex reddisli-ochraceous and not
compressed hut slightly inflated, measured from angle of
apex to eyes about as long as from anterior margin of meso-
notum to abdomincd apex,
1093. Fulgora pyrorhyncha, Bon. Ins. Ind., Hem. Ivii, f. 1 (1800);
Westw. Tr. Linn. Sue. xviii, p. 139 (1841) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Ben//.
liv, p. 133 (1885).
Fulgora rajah, Guer. Her. Zool. p. 183 (1839).
Fulgora aaiplectens, AtJdns. J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 133 (1885).
Head (including cephalic process) castaneous, with small white
spots, its apex reddish-oe-hraceous ; pronotum, mesonotiun, sternum,
and legs dull castaneous ; abdomen piceous, greyishly tomentose ;
tegmina ochraceous, the cellidar areas formed by the reticulate
veins (excepting the subapioal area) more or less jnceous, in the
paler subapical area a transverse series of about four darker spots
with paler margins and some scattered much smaller spots on
apical area ; wings bluish-green, the apical and posterior areas
broadly black, the black coloration extending a little inwardly
along the veins ; cephalic process moderately recurved, its apex
slightly inflated, measured from angle of apex to eyes about as
long as from anterior margin of me.sonotum to abdominal apex.
Length ceph. process, angles from apex to eyes 22 ; eyes to
apex abdom. 25 ; exp. tegm. 85 to 91 miilim.
Hab. India {Governor Holford). — Malay Peninsula ; Perak
{Coll. Dist.).
The type described and figured by Donovon is supposed to have
been acquired by Gov, Holford in Nepal.
c'. Ceplialie process castaneo^is, its apex concolorous and moderately
compressed, measured from, angle of apex to eyes (d)out as
long as from anterior margin of mesonotum to abdominal
apex.
1694. Fulgora karenia, Dist. Tr. E. S. 1891, p. 517, t. xx, f. 2, a
(1891).
Head (including cephalic process), thorax above and beneath,
and the femora castaneous; tibiae, tarsi, and the abdomen above and
beneath piceous ; posterior margins of the abdominal segments
and base of abdomen above ochraceous ; tegmina black, thickly
co\ered Avith the reticulated venation which is ochraceous, and
with the following ochraceous markings — three macular trans-
verse fascia? on basal half, folloAved by a transverse series of three
small spots widely separated, a broad transverse fascia near apical
area, between which and apex are a few small scattered spots ;
A\"ings very pale bluish-green, the apical and posterior areas very
FULGORA. 189
broadly black ; cephalic process moderately recurved, its apex
slightly compressed, measured from angle of apex to ej^es about
as loug as from anterior margin of mesonotum to abdominal apex.
Length ceph. process, angle from apex to eyes 20 ; eyes to
apex abdom. 24; exp. tegm. 84 millim.
Hab. Burma ; Karen Hills (DolieHij). Tenasserim (Brit. Mus.).
c". CejiJialic 2>i'ocess olivaceous or hroioiiish-ocliraceous, measured
from aiKjle of apex to eyes about as lowj as abdomen.
1095. Fulgora maculata, Oliv. Enc. Meth. vi, p. .568 (1791) ; Dune
Nat. Libr. i, p. 284, t. xxiii, f. 2 (1840) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beiuj.
liv, p. 134 (1885) ; Melich. (Pyrops) Iloin. Faun. Ceylon, p. 12
(1903).
Hotinus fulvirostris, Walh. List Horn. Suppl. p. 41 (1858) ; Atkins.
(Fulgora) J. A. S. Bemj. liv, p. 134 (1885).
Stoll, Ci(/. f. 143, «.
Head (including cephalic process) and thorax above olivaceous,
the first minutely spotted with white ; thorax above with some
piceous suffusions and more or less cretaceously tomentose ; ab-
domen above pale greenish with some darker markings, beneath
piceous ; sternum ochraceous or greenish-ochraceous ; trochanters
and legs piceous ; tegmina black, the reticulate venation greyish,
covered with large cretaceous, tomentose spots arranged in three
very irregular transverse series on basal half, and more scattered
and less fused spots ou apical area ; wings dark bluish-green, the
apical and posterior areas very broadly black ; cephalic process
moderately recurved, its apex a little compressed, measured from
angle of apex to eyes about as long as the abdomen.
Length ceph. process, angle from apex to eyes 14 ; eyes to
apex abdom. 22 ; exp. tegm. 67 to 82 millim.
Hab. Coromandel coast {fide Stoll). Ceylon.
This is the common and dominant species of the genus in Ceylon.
I am almost certain I have seen a specimen from Trivandrum,
but cannot now find it in my collection.
1696. Fulgora delesserti, Guer. Rev. Zool. p. 183 (1839) ; Beless.
Souv. Voy. Inde, ii, p. 66, t. xvi, f. 2 (1843) ; Atkins. J. A. S.
Beng. liv, p. 135 (1885).
Head (including cephalic process) olivaceous-green or brownish-
olivaceous ; thorax above reddish-brown ; mesonotum with three
spots on each side of anterior margin, an oblique spot on each
lateral area, and a spot before posterior angle piceous or black ;
abdomen, body beneath, and legs ochraceous ; apical area of ab-
domen beneath, tibiae, tarsi, and rostrum more or less piceous ;
tegmina black, the reticulate venation olivaceous, ornamented
with ochraceous spots arranged as follows — three irregular trans-
verse series on basal half, those on apical area being more scattex'ed
and less fused ; wings bluish-green, the apical and posterior ai'eas
190 rULGOKID.T,.
broadly black ; cephalic process moderately recurved, its apex a
little compressed, measured from angle of apex to eyes about as
long as the abdomen.
Length ceph. process, angle from apex to eyes 15; eyes to
apex abdom. 2'd ; exp. tegm. 82 millim.
Hah. A^ilgiri Hills, Malabar. Kavwav (Ind. Mus.). Trivandruin
(Coll. DlsU).
c^. Cephalic process hlaclc ((hove, olivaceous beneath, measured
from angle of apex to eyes a little longer than abdomen.
1697. Fulgora andamanensis, Bist. Tr. E. S. 1880, p. 152. t. v,
f. 7, a: Aildns. J. A. S. Bemj. liv, p. 135 (1885).
■ Head (including cephalic process) above and on lateral areas
black, finely spotted with white, olivaceous beneath, eyes and
ridge near their inner margin ochraceous ; thorax above brownisli-
ochraceous ; pronotum with the anterior lateral margins, two central
maculate fascia?, aud a spot on each lateral area, mesonotum with a
broad central fascia, four small spots on antei'ior margin, an elongate
spot on each lateral area, and two small spots in front of posterior
angle, black ; abdomen pale ochraceous, anal appendage piceous ;
body beneath broA^nish-ochraceous ; an elongate spot on each
lateral area of prosterniun, disk of mesosteraum, latei'al areas of
metasternum, abdomen beneath, tibite, tarsi, and rostrum more or
less black or piceous ; tegaiiua black, the reticulate venation pale
green, ornamented with browuish-ochraceous spots with pale
margins, arranged in three irregular transverse series ou basal
half, the spots on apical half more scattered and generally smaller ;
wings bluish-green, the apical area broadly, the posterior margin
narrowly black ; cephalic process somewhat strongly recurved,
measured from angle of apex to eyes a little longer than abdomen.
Length ceph. process, angle from apex to eyes 16 ; eyes to
apex abdom. 22 ; exp. tegm. 68 millim.
Hab. Andaman Islands.
c'. Ceinhalic process hlaclc or piceo^is, measured from angle
of apex to eyes about as long as abdomen.
1698. Fulgora rogersi, &p. n.
Cephalic process, head, and thorax above piceous, the two latter
much coA'ered with ci-etaceous pubescence, the cephalic process
spotted with same on. its basal areas both above and beneath ;
abdomen greenish or greenish-ochraceous, the segmental margins
paler and somewhat cretaceously pubescent ; head beneath oliva-
ceous ; legs piceous ; tegmina for the basal two-thirds black with
the veins and numerous i-eticulations green, apical third pale
brownish ochraceous Avith numerous small piceous marks on apical
area, a number of cretaceous spots with black centres arranged in
FULGORA.
191
transverse series, one near base, two somewhat close together near
middle, one consisting of three spots only near apex of dark
coloration, on the pale area an angulated broken series of four
above and three beneath, and two or three small spots near apex ;
M'ings bluish-green, with the apical area black ; cephalic process
much upwardly recurved, its apex robust but not dilated, measured
from angle of apex to eyes about as long as abdomen.
Length ceph. process, angle from apex to eyes 18 ; eyes to apex
abdom. 26 ; exp. tegm. 77 millim.
Hah. Great jS^icobar {Gilbert Hofjers).
II. Apex of cephalic process strongly globose.
D. Whufs imrplisli-ivhitc, the apical area blade,
1091). Fulgora clavata, Westw. Tr. Linn. Soc. xviii, p. 139, t. xii, f. 1
(1841) ; id. Cab. Orient. Ent. p. 7, t. iii, f. 1 (1848) ; Atldn^.
J. A. S. Bern/, liv, p. 130 (1885).
Hotinus pondei'osus, Stdl, Of v. Vet. -Ale. Fork. 1854, p. 244 ;
Atkins. J. A. S. Bemj. liv, p. 131 (1885).
Head (including cephalic process) black, spotted minutely with
while, its apex strongly globose and shining castaueous ; thorax
and abdomen above mucli tomentosely suffused with white ; a
black spot on each lateral area of mesouotum : sternum beneath
and legs piceous, whitishly tomentose ; abdomen beneath red or
Fig. S3. — FaUjoru clavata.
reddish-ochraceous ; tegmina black, more or less cretaceously
tomentose, nearly always so on basal half, which is ornamented
with black spots iuconstant in shape, number, and size, the apical
half is usually black, ornamented with a number of cretaceous
spots with castaueous centres, also inconstant in size, number, and
192 rULGOEID.E.
shape, but becoming smaller near apex ; wings purplish-white, the
apical area black ; cephalic process robust, globosely chn-ate at
apex, measured froai angle of apex to eyes a little longer than
abdomen.
Length ceph. process, angle from apex to eyes 12 to 14 ; eyes
to apex abdom. 17 to 22 ; exp. tegm. 62 to 86 millim.
Hah. Assam ; Margherita (Dohert//), Khasi Hills (ChenneU).
iSikhim, Sibstigar, Shillong (Ind. Mas.).
Genus SAIVA, nov.
Type, S. (jemtnata, Westw.
IJistribtition. Oriental Region.
Alhed to Fuhjora, but the cephalic process very slender and
suddenly narrowed from a little in front of eyes, not gradually
narrowed as in Fulrjora : tegmina much narrower, their greatest
breadth less than a third of their length, their apical margins
more or less obliquely subtruncate, not convex.
Owing to the slender and fragile character of the cephalic
process in this genus most specimens arrive in a more or less
mutilated condition in that respect, thus rendering the differentia-
tion of the species by this useful and trustworthy character in
some cases impossible,
A. Wln(js blmsh-(j)'een, marked and sjpottcd luith hJaclc.
a. Cephalic process from angle of apex to eyes about as long as
abdomen.
a. Cephalic process oblkpiely ascendant.
b. Apex of cep)halie process slender.
1700. Saiva gemmata, Wediv. (Fulgora (Hotina)) Cab. Orient. Ent.
p. 7. t. iii, f. 2 (1848); Atkins. (Fvl'yova) J. A. S. Bemj.Yw,
p. Vi7 (1885).
Fulgora curtiprora, Butl. A. M. N. H. (4) xiv, p. 131 (1874) ;
Atkins. J. A. S. Bemj. liv, p. 136 (1885).
Head and thorax above dull ochraceous ; a lateral line to
cephalic process black ; pronotum with a transverse series of four
black spots, the two central ones indented and surrounded with
piceous, followed behind by a small concolorous deeply incised spot ;
mesonotum with four spots on anterior margin (two central and
one at each lateral angle), a spot on each lateral margin and
another before posterior angle black ; abdomen black, the lateral
and posterior segmental margins green, the last inwardly margined
with grey ; sternum and coxae dull ochraceous ; legs pale casta-
neous ; tegmina greenish on basal area, reddish-brown beyond
middle, ornamented with reddish-brown spots, those on basal half
margined with black, the basal lialf is also covered with a number
of small black spots, and on the apical half the reticulate areas
SAITA. 193
are black or piceons ; wings black ; anal area (excluding apex),
three oblique subbasal spots, and a transverse series o£ four
spots (fused in pairs) crossing middle, green ; cephalic process
suddenly obliquely ascending from a little before eyes, measured
from angle of apex to eyes about as long as abdomen.
84. — Saiva gcmmata.
Length ceph. process, angle from apex to eyes 9| to 11 ; eyes
to apex abdom. 12 to 19 ; exp. tegm. 46 to 53 millim.
Hah. Sikhim {Ind. Mus.). Assam ; Ntiga Hills (BoJierfy).
Khasi Hills (Ind. Mus.). Darjiling (Coll. Dist.).
hh. Apex of cephalic process moderatehj incrassate.
1701. Saiva no data, sp. n.
Head (including cephalic process) pale olivaceous-green, finely
and sparingly spotted with white, its apex ochraceous, eyes black ;
thorax above pale olivaceous-greeii ; pronotum with two central
discal spots and a spot on each lateral area, and mesonotum with
a spot on each lateral area, black ; abdomen above piceous or black,
posterior segmental margins green inclining to ochraceous ; head
beneath, sternum, and leg's olivaceous; abdomen beneath reddish-
ochraceous ; anterior and intermediate legs with a subapical an-
nulation to the femora, three aunulatious to tibiae, and the tarsi
black ; tegmina pale virescent, somewhat thickly covered with
ochraceous spots margined with black, those on costal membrane
truncate, incomplete ; wings bluish-green, apical area and posterior
margin black, the green discal area somewhat largely and cou-
flueutly spotted with black ; cephalic process with its apex
moderately nodulose, measured from angle of apex to eyes about
as long as abdomen.
Length cepb. process, angle from apex to eyes 10 ; eyes to apex
abdom. 16 ; exp. tegm. 50 millim.
Hab. Bombay Province ; N, Kanara, Anmoda (E. Y. Watson,
Brit. IIiis.).
AUied in general appearance to S. gemmata, "Westw., differing
pi'imarily by the nodulose apex to the cephalic process, and also
by the much paler tegmina, &c.
VOL. III. O
194 EULGOKID^.
aa. Cephalic process almost perpendicularly extended.
1702. Saiva iDuUata, Dlst. (Fulgora) Tr. E. S. 1891, p. 519, t. xx,
f. I, a.
Head with the base pale greenish-ochraceous, the cephalic
process black ; thorax above pale greenish-ochraceous ; proaotuiii
with three black spots, the central one largest and somewhat
duplex; niesonotiim with two central spots on anterior margin,
two spots on each lateral margin, and a spot near posterior angle
black ; abdomen above shining black ; face, rostrum, sternum, and
COX!© ochraceous ; legs red, bases and apices of anterior and inter-
mediate tibiae, apices of posterior tibiae, and the tarsi black ;
abdomen beneath black, the apex and posterior segmental margins
ochraceous ; tegmina greenish-ochraceous, an irregular transverse
fascia beyond centre and the apical area piceous, the first con-
taining six, the latter some eight ochraceous spots, the basal area
somewhat thickly covered with small black spots and with scattered
larger pale and black margined spots ; wings bluish-green, with
the apex broadly black, the postttrior margin narrowly of the same
colour and with discal black streaks and patches ; cephalic process
recurved and almost perpendicularly extended, measured from
angle of apex to eyes about as long as abdomen.
Length ceph. process, angle from apex to eyes 6 ; eyes to apex
abdom. 12; exp. tegm. 44 millim.
Ilab. Burma ; Kuby Mines ( Doherty).
aa. Cephalic process from angle of apex to eyes about as long as
pronotum and viesonotum together.
1703. Saiva guttlllata, Westw. (Fulgora (Pyrops)) A. 31. N. If. ix,
p. 119 (1842); id. (Fulgora (Hotina)) Cah. Orient. Ent. p. 8,
t. ill, f. 3 (1848) ; Atkins. (Fulgora) J. A. S. Bemj. liv, p. 136
(1885).
Head (including cephalic process), thorax above, body beneath
and legs ochraceous ; apex and central area of cephalic process
above, central fascia to vertex, and a lateral elongate spot in front
of each eye, black ; pronotum with a series of four transverse spots
(^the two central ones largest and elongate), mesonotum with two
anterior central discal spots and three spots on lateral margin (the
one near base smallest), basal annulation and apical areas of tibiae,
and the tarsi to anterior and intermediate legs black ; abdomen
above ochraceous, the posterior segmental jnargins broadly green,
with scattered piceous spots ; tegmina rosaceous, the costal mem-
brane, base of claval area, and the apical area more ochraceous ;
costal membrane with four imperfectly closed ochraceous spots
margined with black, apical area with the inner areas of cells
piceous and with a few pale spots, the remaining area with
scattered rosaceous spots with black margins ; wings pale bluish-
green, the apical area, posterior margin, and veins with some
SAIVA. 195
scattered spots ou same pieeous or black ; cephalic process short,
strongly recurved, measured from angle of apex to eyes about as
long as pronotum and mesonotum together.
Length ceph. process, angle rrom apex to eyes 3; eyes to apex
abdoni. 14 ; exp. tegm. 50 millim.
Hah. " Northern India " (^(^e Westiuood).
I have an unlocalized specimen in my own collection.
B. Wintjs more or less sanguineous, apical and sometimes 2^osterior
margins fuscous or hlaclc.
b. CepJialic process from angle of apex to eges about as long as
abdomen.
1704. Saiva cardinalis, Bnfl. (Fulgora) A. M. N. H. (4) xiv, p. 131
(1874) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Bemj. liv, p. 138 (1885).
Head (including cephalic process) green or brownish-ochraceous,
4ibove somewhat greyishly tomentose, sparingly, minutely, and
irregularly spotted with fuscous above and on the lateral margins,
its apex a little infuscated ; pronotum, mesonotum, body beneath,
and legs green or brownish-ochraceous ; abdomen above pale
testaceous ; head with three basal spots between the eyes, pro-
notum with two central spots and one on each lateral area, meso-
notum with six spots on anterior margin, and one or two ou each
lateral area black; tegmina pale olivaceous-green, with scattered
ochraceous spots with black margins, those on costal area imper-
fectly closed, the apical margin a little fuscous with the spots
therein rather smaller ; wings purplish-red, the apical margin
fuscous ; cephalic process measured from angle of apex to eyes
about as long as abdomen.
Length ceph. process, angle from apex to eyes 9 ; eyes to apex
abdom. 15; exp. tegm. 57 millim.
Hah. Nepal (5H<. ilftts.). Sikhim (JacZ. i/i«*.). Darjiling (Co^?.
Blst.).
ub. Cephalic process from angle of apex to eyes about as long as
abdomen and mesonotum together.
1705. Saiva COCCinea, fVa/k. (Hotinus) List Ham. Suppl. p. 42 (1858);
Kirk. (Pyrops) J. Bomb. N. H. Soc. xiv, p. 47, t. A, f. 2
(1902) ; Melic/i. (part.) IIojii. Faun. Ceylon, p. 12 (1903).
Hotinus guttifer, Stal, Of v. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1858, p. 448.
Head (including cephalic process), pronotum, mesonotum, sternum,
and legs pale olivaceous-green ; cephalic process with the ridges
(excluding basal area) black, its apex a little paler ; a lateral spot
in front of each eye, pronotum with two central spots and a spot
on each lateral area, mesonotum with six spots on anterior margin
and one or two spots on each lateral area black ; abdomen above
sanguineous, lateral margins spotted with white and black, the
o2
196 pulgoeidjE.
base also more or less black ; abdomen beneath red, with the
segmental margins black; tegmina testaceous, finely greyishly
tomentose, minutely spotted with piceous, and with scattered
larger pale red spots which are narrowly margined with black and
mostly possess a small greyish pupil, costal membrane narrowly
pale olivaceous-green; wings sanguineous, the apical area and
posterior margin dark fuscous ; the cephalic process is somewhat
slender, moderately recurved, and measured from angle of apex to
eyes almost as long as abdomen and mesonotum together.
Length ceph. process, angle from a])ex to eyes 11 ; eyes to
apex abdom. 15 ; exp. tegm. 40 to 43 millim.
Hah. Ceylon; Kandy ((xiw>i).
C. Wincjs oehraccous, apical areas and posterior margins
fuscous or piceotis.
1706. Saiva insularis, Kirbj/ (Hotinus), J. Linn. Sac, Zool xxiv, p. 132,
t. vi, f. 4 (1891) : Melich. (Pvrops) Hoi7u Fatin. Ceylon,^. 13
(1903).
Head (including cephalic process) fuscous-brown, very sparingly
palely spotted on lateral areas, somewhat thickly palely spotted
beneath ; thorax above ochraceous, somewhat thickly fuscously
puuctate ; pronotum with an oblique impunctate fascia on each
side and an obscure central discal spot, mesonotum with an obscure
central longitudinal medial ridge, two rounded spots on anterior
margin, and some irregular spots on lateral max'gins pale ochra-
ceous ; abdomen above black, the base a little ochraceous ; body
beneath and legs ochraceous punctured with fuscous ; tegmina
reddish-ochraceous, ornamented with small paler spots, which are
almost abseut on subapical area ; wings ochraceous, apical area
and posterior margin fuscous, the last becoming piceous towards
aual angle ; cephalic process mutilated in type.
Length ceph. process mutilated in type ; eyes to apex abdom.
15; exp. tegui. 44 millim.
Hah, Ceylon; J) amhooX {Green).
D. Wings ivhitisJi, margins concolorous.
1707. Saiva virescens, Westw. (Fulgora (Pyrops)) A. M. N. H. ix,
p. 119 (1842) ; id. (Fulgora (Hotina)) Cab. Orient. Ent. p. 8,
t. iii, f. 5 (1848) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Bencj. liv, p. 138 (1885).
Hotinus semiannulus, Walk. Cat. Horn. Siippl. p. 42 (18o8).
Head (including cephalic process) pale ochraceous, minutely
spotted with white, apex a little piceous ; pronotum, mesonotum,
body beneath, and legs pale ochraceous ; abdomen above very pale
virescent ; two spots on mesonotum and the anterior and inter-
mediate tarsi black ; tegmina dull pale ochraceous, somewhat
sparingly ornamented with bright ochraceous spots with black
margins, on margins these spots are mostly imperfectly closed ;
wings \\hitish with a ^ ery pale virescent tint ; cephalic process
ALCATHOUS.
197
measured from angle of apex to eyes about as long as body
excluding head.
Length ceph. process : angle from apex to eyes 14; eyes to
apex abdom. 14 ; exp. tegm. 45 millim.
Hab. 8vlbet {Ind. Mns.). North-western Province ; Grarwhal
{Coll.Dist.).
In my own and all other specimens examined the ground-colour
is pale ochraceous, as above described ; in Westvvood's figure it is
pale virescent, as is probably the case in all fresh specimens. I
have thought it better to describe only what I have seen, and to
add this note.
Genus ALCATHOUS.
Alcathous, Stal, Tr. E. S. (S) i, p. .577 (1863) ; Atkins. J. A.
Beng. liv, p. 139 (1885).
6'.
Type, A. fecialis, Stal.
Distribution. British India.
Head much uarro\^'er than the thorax, protuberant, face some-
what roundly ampliated near the apex, thence distinctly narrowed
upwards, tricarinate ; clypeus medially cariuate ; rostrum almost
reaching abdominal apex ; antennae short, second joint very briefly
subcylindrical, obliquely tru.ncate at apex ; pronotum medially
unicarinate, somewhat anteriorly medially produced, the produced
portion truncate, posterior margin straight ; mesonotuin tricari-
nate, twice as long as pronotum ; tegmina somewhat ampliated
. towards apex, which is obtusely, obliquely rounded, longitudinal
veins rarely furcate, interior simple, only third or apical area
furnished with remote transverse small veins, irregularly anasto-
mosed ; wings with more than basal halves without transverse
veins or A'einlets ; legs moderate in length, anterior femora beneath
slightly dilated, posterior tibice with five or six spines.
1708. Alcathous fecialis, Stdl, Tr. E. S. (3) i, p. 577 (1863) ; Atkins.
J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 139 (1885).
Head, pronotum, mesonotum, and sternum browuish-ochraceous,
thickly, darkly punctate ;
abdomen above bright red-
dish -ochraceous, with six
large black discal spots ar-
ranged in pairs ; abdomen
beneath pale luteous, very
thickly, coarsely, piceously
punctate ; legs ochraceous,
annulated with piceous ; teg-
mina pale ochraceous, the ve-
nation purplish-red, on basal
area longitudinal and a little
spotted with fuscous, on apical third reticulate and unspotted,
the whole tegmina more or less spotted or inottled with fuscous.
Fig. 85. — Alcathous fecialis.
198 FVLGOniDJE.
the costal area spotted with dark fuscous ; wings orange-yellow^
apical area, posterior margin, and a few discal spots near anal area
fuscous, the apical dark area inwardly margined with pale greyish;
cephalic process a little recurved, measured from angle of apex to
eyes about as long as pro- and mesonota.
Length coph. process, angle from apex to eyes 3 ; eyes to apex
abdom. 12 ; exp. tegin. 33 millim.
Bab. South India ( Walhouse, Brit. Mus.).
Stal, who described the unique type in the British Museum,
erroneously gave the habitat of this species as " India orient, bor,'^
Division APHANARIA.
This, with the previous division, includes all the genera of the
subfamily Fulgorinoi found in British India, at least so far as my
knowledge extends. One genus, Homalocepluda, should probably be
placed in a new division ; but as it is inadvisable- — at least in these
volumes — to found a division on a single genus, I have included it
in the Aphanaria, which is to be distinguished from the Falgoraria
by the absence of the long recurved cephalic process. In some
ot' the Aphanaria, as in Eupliria and Kalidasa, there is a slender,
acute, cephalic protuberance, but this in no respect equals the
character on which the Falgoraria is divisionally separated.
Divisions, as used here, are only groups of genera possessing
a more or less common facies, and are proposed as aids to iden-
tification, M'ith no pretence to be regarded as constituting
morphological sections.
/Spioj^sis of Genera.
A. Head triangularly produced in front of [p. 199.
eyes " Homalocephala,
B. Head not, or not prominently, produced iu
front of eyes.
. Face longer than broad.
a. Anterior femora not ampliated at apices.
d'. Face strongly ampliated at base and
considerably broader than clypeus,
its lateral margins obliquely nar-
rowed forwardly from eyes LiMOis, p. 200.
a'-. Face slightly narrowed upward, or with
the lateral margins parallel, its disk
with two anteriorly divergent carina-
tions, and with a central, sometimes
obsolete longitudinal snlcation ArHANA, p. 201.
a'\ Face with two parallel discal carina-
tions, sometimes obliterated behind
middle Lycorma, p. 205.
. Anterior femora distinctly ampliate above
at apices.
I}'. Posterior tibiae vuiarmed above at base.
uK Face with two or three parallel
carinations Eupuria, p. 207.
HOMALOCEPH^LA. 199
Jr. Posterior tibise with a tubercle on their
upper surface at base.
a'. Face with two obtuse parallel ridges
which are oi'teu obliterated Kalidasa, p. 212.
b. Face as long as broad.
0. Tegmina remotely reticulate Gebenna, p. 214.
c . Entire tegmina more or less densely
reticulate Polydictya, p. 21->.
Geuus HOMALOCEPHALA.
Omalocephala, Spin. Ann. Soc. JEnt. Fr. 1839, p. 259.
Homalocephala, Amy. 8f Serv. Hem. p. 492 (1843) ; Stdl, Hem. Afr.
iv, pp. 133 & 145 (1866) ; Atkins. J. A. S.Beng. liv, p. 141 (1885).
Type, H. fesiiva, Fabr.
Distribution. British India.
Head broad, narrower thau the pronotum, triangularly or
roundly produced in front of eyes, angularly prominent behind
the eyes, vertex at least four times wider than the eyes and
moderately flat, face Hat, broader than the clypeus, its lateral
margins parallel, clypeus without a niedial ridge ; rostrum reaching
the posterior coxje ; pronotum truncate anteriorly with a medial
longitudinal ridge ; mesonotum about twice as long as the
pronotum ; tegmina with the anterior and posterior margins
subparallel, the apical mai'gin obscurely obliquely rounded, densely
reticulate except in costal ai"ea, where the reticulations are obsolete,
claval vein united with the commissure at the apex of the clavus ;
wings entire, the veins moderately reticulate on apical area:
aiiterior and intermediate tibia; as long as the femora.
1709. Homalocephala festiva, Fabr. (Fulgora) Spec Ins. ii, p. 315
(1781) ; id. Mant. Ins. ii, p. 261 (1787) ; Bon. Ins. Ind.,Hem.
t. vii, f. 2 (1800) ; Spin. (Omalocephala) Ayin. Soc. E7it. Fr.
1839, p. 261 ; Amy. 8f Serv. (Homalocephala) Hem. p. 493
(1843) ; ArMns. J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 141 (1885).
Head, pronotum, mesonotum, body beneath, and legs brownish-
ochraceous, lateral and apical margins of head black ; abdomen
above sanguineous ; head be-
*^"'^ neath, lateral areas of sternum,
'^S^^^^^^^^i^S^'' ^^^^ posterior acetabulse pale
^^^^^^^^^^^^^ " ^ ochraceous ; tegmina brownish-
W^^^^3;l^^^^^ _\^^ /CrX ochraceous, minutely spotted
^^ f "t ^^'ith black in the reticulate
Fig. 86.-Ho,mloccjyhala fesfiva. areas, with some scattered pale
spots, the costal area pale
greenish-flavescent with five black spots posteriorly margined
with orange-yellow ; wings sanguineous, apical area pale fuscous
with the veins darker, the posterior margin greyish ; head longer
than pronotum, above with a moderate medial longitudinal ridge
which is continued through the pro- and mesonota.
Length excl. tegm, 12 ; exp. tegm. 33 millim.
Hab. Madras (Coll. Dist.).
200
rULGOBID^.
Genus LIMOIS.
Limois, Stal, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxiv, p. 230 (1863) ; id. Hem. Afr. iv,
p. 134 (1866) : Athins. J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 141 (1885).
Type, L. ivestwoodi, Hope.
Distribution. Britisli India.
Head much narrower than tlie pronotum, slightly upwardly
protuberant ; face with the margins carinate and with two central
longitudinal ridges or cariuations, narrowed anteriorly, a little
dilated at posterior angles, elypeus medially carinate, vertex
ti-ansverse ; pronotum twice as broad as head and slightly longer,
posteriorly broadly truncate, its lateral angles moderately sub-
acutely produced, and with a subobsolete medial carination ; meso-
notum longer than pronotum, with three discal carinations, the
middle one straight, the others curved ; tegmina elongate, a little
ampliated towards apices, which are obtusely obliquely rounded,
the venation beyond base more or less reticulate ; wings much
shorter than tegmina, sinuate on posterior margins, venation on
apical areas reticulate ; posterior tibiae with five spines.
1710. Limois westwoodi, Hope (Lysti-a), Tr. Linn. Soc. xix, p. 133,
t. xii, f. 3 (1845) ; Stal (Limois), Sfett. ent. Zeit. xxiv, p. 231
(1863) ; Atkifis. J. A. S. Beny. liv, p. 142 (1885).
Head, pronotum. and mesonotum olivaceous; apex of pro-
tuberance to head, two central broken fasciae to pronotum, disk
of mesonotum (excluding
ridges), on each side of which
are three spots on anterior
margin, and an angulated
spot on each lateral area,
black ; abdomen black, the
segmental margins narrowly
olivaceous ; body beneath
and legs piceous or black,
legs and I'ostrum annulated
with dull ochraceous ; tegmina with about basal half and costal
area pale olivaceous, opaque, remaining area hyaline wdth the
venation fuscous, the whole area with small piceous spots, which
are largest on the olivaceous area and on the posterior margin a
little beyond it ; wings with rather more than basal halves
sanguineous, outwardly concavely margined with fuscous, apical
area hyaline with the venation fuscous ; the a[)ical and pos-
terior margins fuscous, and with two or three black spots on the
sanguineous area.
Length excl. tegm. 12^ to 13 ; exp. tegm. 47 to 48 millim.
Hah. Sylhet.
Limois wcstiuoodi.
APHANA. 201
Genus APHANA.
Aphpeua, Gmr. Voi/. Belaiu/. Ind. Orient, p. 4ol (1834) ; Spin. Ann.
Soc. E.it. Fr. 1839, p. 210.
Aphaua, Burm. Handb. Ent. ii, 1, p. 16G (183-5) ; Amy. S) Serv.
Hem. p. 490 (1843) ; Stal, Steit. ent. Zeit. xxiv, p. 231 (1863) ;
id. Hem. Afr. iv, p. 134 (18G6j ; AtJdm. J. A. S. Benq. liv, p. 142
(1885).
Penthicus, Blanch. Hist. Nat. Ins. iii, p. 171 (1840).
Type, A. farinosa, Fabi-.*
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
The name of this genus has caused much discussion. Burmeister
altered G-uerin's name Aj^hasna to Ajihaaa, a correction \\ hieh has
usually been and is here considered justified. Blanchard regarded
both these names as preoccupied by Aphanus, Laporte, and
proposed that of Penthicas to take its place. This we consider
unnecessary.
Head not protuberant, mucli narrower than pronotum, face
slightly narrowed upward or with the lateral inargins parallel and
more or less distinctly broadly bisiuuate, disk with two anteriorly
diverging carinations and with a more obsolete central carination,
clypeuswith a central, sometimes subobsolete, longitudinal sulcatiou,
vertex excavate with carinate margins and a central carination,
the front broadly upwardly ridged anteriorly and laterally ; pro-
notum broader than head, centrally, longitudinally, prominently
ridged, its posterior margin trancately sinuate, its posterior angles
subangidarly arapliate; mesonotum a little longer than pronotum,
centrally, longitudinally moderately carinate ; tegmina moderately
broad, the venation on apical areas reticulate ; wings broad, pos-
teriorly sinuate, the venation of apical areas moderately furcate
and sinuate ; anterior femora not ampliate afc apex, posterior tibiae
usually with five spines.
A. Wim/s luith a green or bluish-green basal ai'ea.
1711. Aphana farinosa, Weber (Cicada), Obs. Ent. p. 114 (1801);
Fabr. (Lystra) Si/st. Rhjng. p. 57 (1803) ; Spin. ( Aphasna) Aim.
Soc. Ent. Fr. 1839, p. 244; Stal (Aphana), Stett. e7it. Zeit.
xxiv, p. 232 (1863) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 142 (1885).
Aphaua scutellavis. White, A. M. N. H. xvii, p. 330 (1846) ;
Westw. Cab. Or. Ent. p. 73, t. xxxvi, f. 3 (1848J.
Var. saundersii, White, MS. (Aphgena) Walk. List Horn, ii,
p. 277 (1851), excl. syn.
Head and pronotum dark olivaceous-green, vertex of head with
* In selecting the type of this genus we follow Stal, who rightly divided a
number of structurally diverse insects included in Ajikana, and founded for
their reception several other genera.
202 ruLGoniD.^.
two white tomentose spots ; mesonotum almost entirely tomen-
tosely white ; abdomen above dark olivaceous-green, much suft'iised
(especially at base) with white ; head beneath and prosternum dark
olivaceous ; sternum and legs piceous : abdomen beneath black ;
tegmina with more than basal half dark olivaceous-green, excluding
costal area tomentosely white with one or more darker spots,
its outer margin darker and piceous, apiral area pale brownish-
ochraceous more or less suffused with white ; wings pale brownish-
ochraceous ; basal disk dark olivaceous-green outwardly margined
with piceous and with scattered small white spots, generally,
but not always, becoming posteriorly testaceous : anal area
greyish.
Length excl, tegm. 19 to 20 ; exp. tegm. 52 to 58 millim.
Hah. Tenasserim ; Tavoy {Boherty, Coll. Dist.). — Malay
Peninsula. Borneo. Java. Sumatra.
Atkinson (supra) records the exp. tegm. in this species as
attaining to 66 millim., but I have not seen such large specimens.
The above description is of a fresh and unrubbed specimen ;
the var. saundenii is not found, so far as my experience extends,
iu British India, and is to be recognized by the wholly testaceous
and not green basal disk of wings.
1712, Aphana nicobarica, Stdl, Berl. ent. Zeit. xiii, p. 241 (1869);
Atlwis. J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 147 (1885).
" Sordidly olivaceous-green ; mesonotum, pectus, abdomen, and
legs piceous ; tegmina before middle aeruginous, sprinkled with
black, behind middle ochraceous, marked with a mouldy band and
spots, apical limbus black ; wings black, a very large basal spot
cnerulean-virescent,"
Length excl. tegm. $ 19 ; exp. tegm. 55 millim.
Hah. Nicobar Islands.
" Size of A. farinosa, from which it differs in the head produced
anteriorly, seen from above equal in length and breadth between
the eyes, roundly-angulated ; front longer, furnislied with a
recurved process. Pace rugulose, tumescent at the base and
with a short median process, compressed, recurved, obsoletely
tricariuate, the ridges diverging upwards, the median i-idge dis-
appearing below the middle ; vertex narrowed forwards, obsoletely
carinate in the middle, lateral margins dilated, elevated ; thorax
furnished with a raised, acute ridge running through it, strongly
bi-impressed on the disk, mesonotum tricarinate. The aeruginous
half of the tegmina covered with minute and often confluent black
dots, closer at the apex ; apical half ochraceous with the apical
limbus black, the spots and an anterior band clothed with a white
powdery substance ; wings black, with a large basal patch extending
a little beyond the middle cperulean-virescent ; apical margins of
the dorsal segments of the abdomen green/'
I have not seen this species.
APHANA..
203
B. Wi)ir/s without a green or bluish-green basal area ; usually more
or less sanguineous at base and anal area.
1713. Aphana atomaria, Wcher (Cicada), Obs. Ent. p. 113 (1801);
Fabr. (Lyytra) Si/d. lihyng. p. 57 (1803); Sjnn. (Aphsena)
Aym. ^'oc. Ent. Fr. 1839, p. 248; Stal (Aphana), Stett. ent.
Zeit. xxiv, p. 232 (1863) ; id. Hem. Fabr. ii, p. 87 (1869) ;
Atkins. J. A. S. Bemj. liv, p. 143 (1885).
Aphrena nigni-punctata, Guer. Voy. '■Coquille,' Zool. ii, 2, p. 185
(1830) ; Amy. S; Sen: Hem. p. 497 (1843).
Head and pronotuia browiiish-ochraceous, mesonotum more or
less piceous ; abdomen above saiiguiDeous, its base piceous and
suifused with greyish-white ; body beneath and legs piceous ;
tegmina tawny, the basal area purplish, or uniformly tawny as in
Fig. 88. — Aphana atomaria.
specimens from British India, witli two prominent black spots on
costal area, one discal before the apical reticulated area, one on
claval area, and another more elongate spot at base, a few minute
pale subobsolete spots on apical area ; wings purplish-red, or pale
ochraceous with purplish base as in most specimens found in our
fauna, \^ith a cluster of black spots on basal area, and with a few
white ones before apical area, which is black with bluish dots,
posterior area fuscous.
Length excl. tegm, 15 to 19 ; exp. tegm. 46 to 55 millim.
Hab. Assam; Noa Dihing (Chennell). Panjab ; Marri (Ind.
jilus.). — Malay Peninsula. Sumatra. Java. China (Coll. Dist.).
1714. Aphana pulchella, Guvr. (Aphsena) Voy. '■Coquille,' Zool. ii,
2, p. 186 (1830); Spin. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1839, p. 249;
StM (Aphana), Stett. ent. Zeit. xxiv, p. 232 (1863) ; Atkins.
J. A. S. Benq. liv, p. 144 (^1885).
Aphana confucius. White, A. M. N. H. xviii, p. 24 (1846).
Aphana io, Walk. List Horn, ii, p. 279 (1851).
Aphana nigro-irrorata, Stdl, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1854, p. 244.
Head, pronotum, mesonotum, and sternum brownish-ochraceous;
abdomen above sanguineous, beneath with legs piceous, the latter
annulated with ochraceous ; tegmina pale brownish-ochraceous,
204 FULGOBID.S.
basal two-thirds a little purplish, costal margin spotted with
black and with a few discal black spots, tliose on apical area very
minute and indistinct, a greyish spot outwardly broadly margined
with brown near apex of posterior margin ; wings purplish-red,
spotted with black on basal area and with white on anterior area,
apex broadly black with bluish dots, posterior margin pale
fuscous.
Var. Tegmina paler and more minutely spotted w ith black, the
apical area with some fuscous suffusions ; wings ochraceous, with
the base and anal area purplish-red, spotted and marked as in
typical form.
Length excl. tegra. 14 to 15 ; exp. tegm. 37 to 42 millim.
Bab. Sikhim {Ind. Mus.). Assam ; JN'oa Dihing and Khtisi
Hills (CJiennell). Andaman Islds, {Ind. Mus.). — Java (Coll. Dist).
China.
1715. Aphana variegata, Gner. (Aphfena) Toy. Belmui.Ind. Orient.,
Zool. p. 455 (1834) ; id. Icon. lict/ne Anim. t. Iviii, f. 3 (1830-
34) ; Amy. ^' Serv. (Apbana) Hem. p. 497, t. ix, f. 1 (1843) ; Stdl,
Stett. ent. Zeit. xxiv, p. '2S2 (1863) ; Atkins. J. A. .S'. Beny. liv,
p. 145 (1885).
Penthicus variegatus, Blanch. Hist. Nat. Ins. iii, p. 171, Hem.
t. xii, f. 4 (1840-41).
Aplifena basirufa, Walk. List Horn, ii, p. 278 (1851).
Head, pronotum, mesonotum, and sternum brovvnish-ochraceous
abdomen above sanguineous, transversely whitishly-tomentose at
base ; abdomen beneath and legs piceous, legs more or less
annulated with ochraceous, anal abdominal segment beneath
sometimes brownish-ochraceous ; posterior acetabulae greyish ;
tegmina very pale olivaceous, spotted with black, the spots
becomiug larger towards the apical area, on apical area a few very
small greenish spots, and the costal area somewhat ochraceous and
spotted with black; at about commencement of apical area there
is a greyish spot on both anterior and posterior margins ; wings
orange-yellow, purpHsh-red on basal area, black at apex, and
fuscous on posterior margin, some black spots on basal third,
a few discal minute white spots near middle, and some bluish dots
on the black apical area.
Length excl. tegm. 18 to 21 ; exp. tegm. 50 to 62 miUim.
Hah. ^yXhei {Brit. Mus.). ^\U\\m {Ind. Mus.). Darjihng ( CoZZ.
Dist.). Burma ; Momeit {Doherty). — Cochin-China. Wumati-a.
Philippines.
1710. Aphana caja, Walk. (Aphfena) List Horn, ii, p. 278 (1851) ;
StM (Aphaiia), Stett. ent. Zeit. xxiv, p. 235 (1863) ; Atkins.
J. A. S. Bejuj. Hv, p. 146 (1885).
Head, pronotum, mesonotum, and sternum brownish-ochraceous;
abdomen above sauguineous, with discal transverse black spots
and transversely tomcntosely-white at base ; abdomen beneath
dull red spotted with black; legs olivaceous-brown, more or less
LYCORMA. 205
aanulated with pale olivaceous ; posterior acetabulre greyisli ;
tegmina with about basal two-thirds reddish -ochraceous, irregularis
spotted with fuscous, about five discal spots being much the
largest, about apical third fuscous, with pale waved greenish
suffusious, the principal spots being one on anterior aud one
on posterior margin ; wiugs ochraceous, sanguineous at base and on
anal area, the apex black, posterior margin fuscous, some black
spots on basal half, a few minute white discal spots near middle,
and some bluish dots on the black apical area.
Length excl. tegm. 18 to 21 ; exp. tegm. 59 to 62 millim.
Hah. North-western Province; Garwhal {Coll. Dist.). Sylhet
{Brit. Mus.). Assam ; Margherita {Doherty).
1717. Aphana dimidiata, Hope (Lvstia), Tr. Linn. Soc. xix, p. 13-3,
t. xii, f. 4 (1845) ; Stdl (Aphana), Stett. ent. Zeit. xxiv, p. 232
(1863) ; AtJdns. J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 146 (1885).
I only know this species by the description and figure given hy
Hope, the first of which is reproduced : —
"Fuscous: head, thorax, and feet concolorous; basal half of
tegmina virescent, sprinkled witli numerous minute dull black
spots, apices sub-orange-hyaliue marked with cretaceous spots ;
basal half of wings greenish with the posterior part w^hitish,
spotted black, apices fuscous, irroi'ated wdth virescent spots."
Length excl. tegm. 14^ ; exp. tegm. 46 millim.
Hah. Sylhet.
Genus LYCORMA.
Lycorma, Stal, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxiv, p. 232 (1863) ; Atlim<^. J. A. S.
Beny. liv, p. 148 (1885).
Type, L. impenalis. White.
Distribution. Oi'ieutal Region and China.
Head somewhat protuberant, the protuberance very short and
reflexed ; face furnished distinctly upward, and at the base more
narrowly, with two parallel obtuse ridges, sometimes obliterated
beneath the middle ; vertex truncated at base, posterior angles not
produced ; pronotum finely medially carinate ; anterior femora
not amplified at apices ; posterior tibiae armed with four or five
spines ; tegmina and wings generally as in the preceding genus
A^^Jiana.
1718. Lycorma imperialis, White (Aphana), A. M. N. H. xvii, p. 330
(1846) ; Westro. (Aphtena) Cab. Or. Ent. p. 74, t. xxxvi, f. 4
(1848) ; Stdl (Lvcorma), Stett. ent. Zeit. xxiv, p. 232 (1863) ;
Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 148 (1885).
Vnr. placabilis, Walk. (Aphifina) List Horn. Suppl. p. 46 (1858).
Head and thorax above olivaceous-ochraceous ; abdomen above
pieeous, the lateral and segmental margms more or less ochra-
ceous; head beneath, sternum, legs, and rostrum castaneous-browu;
206
rULGOEID^.
abdomen beneath a little paler than above, the ochraceous lateral
margins broader and containing large segmental piceous spots ;
tegmina olivaeeous-green, about apical third with the A'enation
closely reticulate, the small reticulate areas black, the basal two-
thirds with rounded spots on costal area and with spots or broken
Lye or ma i i/ ipcr'ud is .
transverse fascia) black ; wings with about basal half purplish-
red spotted with black, with a transverse bright bluish-green
fascia before apical area, which is piceous.
In the var. j7Zrtc«6t/«s, Walk,, the tegmina are more or less
testaceous, not green, and with the transverse fascia to the wings
somewhat greyish-white, not bluish-green.
Length excl. tegni. 16^ to 21 ; exp. tegm. 54;i to 61 millim.
Hal). vSylhet. Sikhim (/mc?. il/its.). Assam ; Sadia, Noa Dihing,
and Naga Hills (Chemiell). Darjiling (Coll. Dist.).
1719. Lycorma punicea, Hope (Lystra), Tr. Linn. Soc. xix, p. 133,
t. xii, f. 5 (1843) ; Stal (Lvcorma), Stett. ent. Zeit. xxiv, p. 232
(1863) ; Atliins. J. A. S. Bemj. liv, p. 149 (1885).
Aphgena delectabilis, Walk. List Horn. Siqj^Jl. p. 44 (1858).
Head and thorax above castaneous-red ; abdomen piceous
head beneath, sternum, and legs castaneous, anterior legs and
intermediate tibiae more or less piceous : tegmina testaceous,
excluding about basal fourth the reticulate and other cellular
areas are black, giving the tegmina a much darker appearance, the
basal and costal areas with scattered and somewhat large black
spots ; wings with about basal half purplish-red spotted with
black, a transverse greyish fascia before apical area, which is
piceous.
Length excl. tegm. 12 to 121 ; exp. tegm. 40 to 42 millim.
Bah. 8ylhet. Assam ; Dikrang Valley (Ind. Mus.). — China.
Like a small variety of the preceding species (L. imperialis), but
differing by its much smaller size and by the black cellular areas
of the tegmina extending over three-fourths of their area.
EUPHEIA .
207
1720. Lycorma delicatula. WJdte (Aphsena), A. M. N. H. xv, p. 37
(1845); Sfdl (Lycorma), Steft. ent. Zeit. xxiv, p. 232 (1863);
Atkins. J. A. S. Be>if/. liv, p. ]oO (1885).
Var. operosa, Walk. (Aphaena) List Horn. Siippl. p. 46 (1858).
Head and thorax above brownish-olivaceous ; abdomen above
piceous, much cretaceously tomentose and with the seg-
mental margins a little ochraeeous ; body beneath and legs
piceous, anal appendage sanguineous ; tegmina pale greenish or
greenish-brown, with somewhat large scattered black spots, of
which about six are situate on the costal area, about apical thii'd
with the venation closel_y reticulate and the reticulate areas
piceous, thus giving it a much darker appearance ; wings with
naore than basal halt" sanguineous spotted with black, a pale
bluish-greeu transverse macular fascia before apical area, which is
black.
Length excl. tegm. 15 to 15^ ; exp. tegm. 41 to 53 millim.
Hah. Assam ; Sibsagar ? (Jide Atl-insoii). China.
I include this species on a doubtful locality of Atkinson, though
there is every probability that it occurs in the confines of British
India. It is allied to L. imper'udis, from which it differs by the
little more elevated cephalic process and the smaller spots to the
tegmina and wings. The var. oj^erom. Walk., diiiers only in
the more testaceous hue of the tegmina, and the greyish not
bluish-green macular transverse fascia to the wings.
1721. Lycorma iole, Stdl, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxiv, p. 234 (1863) ; Atkins.
J. A. S. Beny. liv, p. 150 (1885).
" Blackish ; the lateral posterior blotch on the vertex, thorax,
lateral margins of mesonotum, and the tegmina more or less
piu'ely green-olivaceous ; the tegmina with 23-28 largish black
spots, tlie nearly third a]:)ical area black, green-veined ; wings
coccineous, with 8-10 black spots, piceous behind the middle, and
there with a shortened fascia green or bluish-green ; anal valvules
in female sanguineous."
Length excl. tegm. 17 ; exp. tegm. 52 millim.
Hah. " India orientalis " (iStocl-hoIm Mas.).
Closely allied to L. delicatida, but larger (this remark of Stal's
is evidently based on an examination of small specimens of
delicatida), cephalic process less prominent, and spots on tegmina
and wings larger.
I have not seen this species, and have reproduced Stal's
description.
Genus EUPHRIA.
Euphria, Stdl, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxiv, p. 232 (1863) ; Atkins. J. A. S.
Beng. p. 150 (1858).
Type, E. aurantia, Hope.
Distrihution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
Head with a very slender, acute, cephalic protuberance, reflexed
208
FULGOBID^.
or erect ; face distinctly narrowed upward, abruptly narrower at
base, with two or three parallel elevated ridges ; vertex broadly
sinuate at base ; pronotum obscurely or scarceh' medially carinate ;
anterior femora slightly ampliated above at apices ; posterior tibise
with four spines, unarmed above at base.
1722. Eliphria aiirantia, Hope (A-plmnii), Tr. Linn. Soc. xviii, p. 443,
t. xxxi, f. 2 (1841) ; Stcll (E\\yAm&),Stett. enf. Zeit. xxiv, p. 232
(1863) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Bemj. liv, p. 151 (1885).
Aphana aurora, Hope, Tr. Linn. Soc. xix, p. 133, t. xii, f. 2
(1845) ; Stdl (Eliphria), Stett. ent. Zeit. xxiv, p. 232 (1803) ;
Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 152 (1885).
Head, thorax above, sternum, and legs more or less virescent ;
abdomen orange-yellow, above very thickly clothed with creta-
ceous pile ; teguiioa pale green with a few obscui'e paler spots,
and a number of smaller cretaceous spots which are larger and in
regular series on the costal area ; wings orange-yellow, green at
basal angle, and with a fev/ scattered cretaceous spots ; tegmina
with the extreme outer margin and a few small spots on apical
area of inner margin black, the last are thickly cretaceoiisly
tomentose in the specimen figured ; beneath both the apical
"^
Fig. i)0. — Eiqj/r/iu auravfia.
areas of tegmina and w ings are cretaceously tomentose, and the
obscure pale spots to tegmina above are very distinct beneath.
In old or rubbed specimens the tegmina are dull dark orange-
yellow, exhibiting the obscure paler spots, but with all the creta-
ceous spots obliterated ; the form figured by Hope as aurantia is
somewhat intermediate in this respect. The specimen figured and
described above is a fresh specimen. Other specimens have the
tegmina virescent with some of the longitudinal veins orange-
yellow ; but this character is purely varietal and often confined
to only one of the tegmina.
Length excl. tegm. 19 to 22 ; exp. tegm. 63 to 70 millim.
Hah. Sikhini {hul . Mus.). Darjiling {Ind. Mus.). Assam ; JST.
Khasi and Ktiga Hills {Chennell).
EUPHEIA. 209
1723. Euphria apicata, sp. u.
Allied to the preceding species, but with the whole apex of the
tegmiua pale testaceous, with its inner margin waved and fuscous.
Body and legs dull dark ochraceous ; tegmiua dull virescent,
with obscure dull paler spots, which are much moi-e visible
beneath ; wings pale reddish-orange ; both tegmina and wiugs are
suffused with pale testaceous beneath, the tegmina on basal area,
and the Avings more extensively and more maculately so.
Length excl. tegm., 6 , 21 ; exp. tegra. 70 milhm.
Hah. Sikhim (Ind. Mus.).
This description is taken from a single somewhat faded specimen
in the Indian Museum ; but however the colour may vary in fresh
specimens, the testaceous apical area of the tegmiua with its
internal fuscous fascia will render the species easy to distinguish.
The cephalic protuberance is also considerably more robust than in
E. auycmtia.
1724. Euphria SUbmaculata, Westw. (Aphrena) Dime. Nat. Libr. i,
p. 284, t. xxiv, f. 1 (1840) ; Sfdl (Euphria), Stett. ent. Zeit.
xxiv, p. 232 (1863) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Bemj. liv. p. 151
(1885).
Aphana resima, Stal, Ofv. Vef.-Ak. Forh. 1855, p. 190.
Head, thorax above, sternum, and legs dull ochraceous ; lateral
margins of pronotum narrowly black ; abdomen above piceous or
black, segmental margins ochraceous, the whole more or less
covered with cretaceous pile ; abdomen beneath dull testaceous,
abdominal margins piceous ; apices of tibise and the tarsi piceous
or black, under surfaces of the tibiie more or less virescent ;
tegmina above dull red, somewhat thickly covered with cretaceous
fasciate spots, those on costal area more regular and maculate,
extreme apical margin and some spots on apical area of posterior
margin black ; tegmina beneath much brighter red, the cretaceous
spots above only palely visible beneath, but with an additional
cluster of small cretaceous spots on disk near apex, spots on
costal area bluish-black ; wings above piceous, anal and posterior
areas somewhat broadly, and apical margin narrowly, cretaceous,
the whole surface with somewhat large scattered cretaceous spots ;
wings beneath as above, but with black spots on basal area,
and cretaceous spots on apical area, which is also more or less
suffused with the same colour ; mesonotum either obsoletely or
very distinctly tricarinate.
This description is taken from a fresh and bright-coloured
specimen ; in most others which I have examined, and as in
Westwood's figure {su])ra), the apical area of the wings is
brownish-ochraceous.
Length excl, tegm. 20 to 22 ; exp. tegm. 65 to 76 millim.
Hah. Sikhim {Ind. Mus.). Darjiling {CoU. Dist.).
YOL. III. V
210 FULGOKIBA-.
725. Euphria consanguinea, sp. n.
Allied to the preceding species (E. submaculata), but differing in
the following particulars : — The tegmina above are without the
cretaceous spots, which are replaced by darker red, narrow, irre-
gular, transverse fascise ; beneath the bluish-black spots on costal
area are practically absent ; wings with the black coloration
confined to about basal fourth ; anterior tibiae and tarsi black.
Structural specific characters in this and allied genera are
frequently difficult to discern, and individual judgments as to the
separation of species must frequently be formed, as in the study
of Lepidoptera.
Length excl. tegm. lo| to 20| ; exp. tegm. 52 to 70 millim.
Hab. Sylhet {Coll Dist.). Assam ; Naga Hills {Dolierty, Coll.
Dist.).
1726. Euphria hiirmanica, sp. n.
Body and legs ochraceous, vertex of head and legs a little
rosaceous ; apex of rostrum, narrow lateral margins of pronotum,
anterior tibiae, apices of intermediate and posterior tibiae, and all
the tarsi black or piceous ; abdomen above more or less covered
with cretaceous pile ; tegmina above and beneath rosy-red, costal
margin with linear spots, outer margin (which is irregularly
maculate) and some small spots on apical area of posterior margin
black ; subobsolete cretaceous spots on costal and apical areas,
which are much more distinct beneath ; wings a little more dark
rosaceous than tegmina, the apex somewhat ochraceous, the anal
area and somewhat large scattered spots cretaceous-^^■hite above,
more obscure beneath ; mesonotum somewhat obsoletely tricarinate
in type, a non-constant specific character in this genus ; cephalic
process extending backward to about middle of pronotum ; rostrum
just passing the posterior coxae.
Length excl. tegm. 21 ; exp. tegm. 72 millim.
Hah. North India {Brit. Mus.). Burma ; Karen Hills {Dolierty,
Coll. Dist.).
1727. Euphria relata, sp. n.
Head and thorax above ochraceous ; lateral margins of pro-
notum and margins of mesonotum (excluding posterior angle)
black ; abdomen above black, thickly covered with cretaceous pile ;
head beneath, sternum, and legs reddish-ochraceous, anterior and
intermediate tibiae and tarsi black ; abdomen beneath cretaceously
pilose ; tegmina above testaceous-red, finely cretaceously pilose,
the costal, outer, and apical area of posterior marginal areas
testaceous, the first and last spotted with white, the outer with its
extreme margin maculately olivaceous-green ; the costal vein and
a few spots on costal area black ; tegmina beneath purplish-red,
with a cluster of white spots on apical area : wings above orange-
EUPIIRIA. 211
red, with about basal third black, spotted with cretaceous-white,
especially on black basal area, anal and basal half of posterior area
greyish ; wings beneath with the basal black area without white
spots, and the whole apical and posterior marginal areas broadly
greyish ; rostrum just passing posterior coxae ; mesonotum not
or very obsoletely carinate.
Length excl. tegm. 21 ; exp. tegm. 73 millim.
Hab. Tenasseriin ; Donat Kange {de NicevlUe, Brit. 3I^lS.).
1728. Euphria dissimilis, sp. n.
Head sanguineous ; pronotum black, its margins narrowly
sanguineous ; mesonotum black, a large discal spot and its apical
angle sanguineous ; abdomen black, the segmental margins san-
guineous, and more or less thickly covered with cretaceous pile ;
head beneath, sternum, and legs sanguineous ; anterior femora
(excluding apex), anterior tibiae (excluding base), apices of inter-
mediate and posterior tibife, and all the tarsi black; abdomen
beneath black, the segmental margins ochraceous ; tegmina above-
thickly and almost uniformly cretaceously tomentose, posterior half
of costal and the whole of outer marginal areas and some spots
at apex of posterior margin ochraceous, some black spots on basal
half of costal marginal area ; tegmina beneath black, with some
red suffusions, outer area ochraceous, upper apical area cretaceous;
wings above black, margins, anal area, and scattered spots creta-
<jeous-white, beneath with the discal spots much more obsolete
and the cretaceous margins much broader ; cephalic process with
its apical area piceous; mesonotum not or very obsoletely carinate;
rostrum with its apical area black, the apex just passing the
posterior coxae.
Length excl. tegm. 19 to 2-t ; exp. tegm. 55 to 75 millim.
Hah. Tenasserim ; Donat Range (de Niceville, Brit. Mus.).
1729. Euphria amahilis, i/o^je (Aphaua), Tr. Linn. Soc xix, p. 132,
t. xii, f. 1 (1845) ; Stdl (Euphria), Siett. ent. Zeit. xxiv, p. 232
(18G-j) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 152 (1885).
Aphasua lectissima, Walk. List Horn. Suppl. p. 45 (1858) ; Atkins.
(Euphria) J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 151 (1885).
Body and legs brownish-ochraceous ; tegmina dull dark ochra-
ceous or greeuish-ochraceous, costal area somewhat confluently
spotted with cretaceous, apical costal, outer, and apical posterior
marginal areas finely spotted with black, the disk with some some-
what large and irregular greenish spots, in some specimens obsolete
except on apical area ; tegmina beneath pale purplish-red, the apical
area as abo\e with pale spots ; wings with about basal two-thirds
bright purplish-red, remaining apical area greyish or virescent ;
central disk of pronotum and anterior disk of mesonotum medially
finely carinate ; rostrum passing posterior coxae.
Length excl. tegm. 21 to 23; exp. tegm. 68 to 73 millim.
p2
212
PULGOEIDyE.
Hah. " Xorth India " {Brit. litis.). Sylhet ; Sikhim {Ind. Mus.).
Assam ; Niiga Hills {Dolierty).
Hope's figure {supra) was apparently taken from a A'ery bright
specimen, with the discal spots on upper surface of tegmiua white,
and with three transverse spots to pronotum, and one at base of
vertex, pale ochraceous ; in Walker's type of Jectissima these are
faintly visible. The species is a variable one, but always to be
easily recognized by the distinct and beautiful coloration of the
winsfs.
Genus KALIDASA.
Phoronis, Sfdl, Stett. cut. Zeit. xxiv, p. 233 (1863), nom. prfeocc.
Kalidasa, Kirli. Entomologist, xxxiii, p. 248 (1900), nom. ii.
Type, K. sanc/uinalis, Westvv.
Distribution. Oi'iental Region and China.
Head emitting from the base of the face a long, slendei', mobile,
reflexed process (in dried specimens easily and frequently muti-
lated) ; face a little narrower at itvS anterior half, abruptly narrowed
at base, furnished with t\\"o obtuse parallel ridges, which are often
obliterated, lateral margins slightly sinuate on posterior half ;
vertex truncate at base ; pronotum very finely medially carinate ;
anterior femora distinctly ampliated above near apices ; posterior
tibite with four spines and with a tubercle on their upper surface
at base.
1730. Kalidasa sanguinalis, Westw. (Aphana) A. M. N. H. (2) vii,
p. 208 (1851); StSl (Phoronis), Stett. ent. Zeit. xxiv, p. 233
(1863) ; Kirk. (Kalidasa) Entoviohqist, xxxiii, p. 243 (1900) ;
MelicJt. Horn. Faim. Ceylon, p. 16, it. i, f. 3 (1903).
Head and thorax above pale testaceous : abdomen above testa-
Fig. 91. — Kalidasa sanguinalis.
ceous, thickly cretaceously tomentose ; head beneath and sternum
pale testaceous ; legs and abdomen beneath pale sanguineous ;.
XALIDASA. 213
cephalic process, lateral narrow margins of prouotum, anterior
tibiae and tarsi black ; tegmiua above reddish-testaceous, covered
with numerous black spots, which are larger and more regular
on costal area, outer marginal area broadly ocbraceous, beneath
as above, but much tomentosely suffused with cretaceous ; wings
cretaceous-white, the apical area and some obscure, waved, discal,
broken fasciae pale brownish-ochraceous ; pro- and mesonota
distinctly finely medially carinate ; rostrum passing posterior coxae ;
cephalic process extending a little beyond pronotiun.
Length excl. tegm. 19 ; exp. tegin. GU millim,
Hab. Ceylon (Green).
1 731. Kalidasa nigro-maculata, Grai/ (FiUgora ( Apliffina)), Grif. An.
Kiiiijd., Ins. i\, p. 200, t. xc, f. G ; t. cxxxviii, f. 1, a-c (1832) ;
Guer. (Aphfena) Voy. Belang. p. 4o7 (1834) ; Westiv. (Aphana)
Tr. Lmn. Soc. xviii, p. 149 (1841) ; S/ll (Phorouis), Siett.
ent. Zeit. xxiv, p. 233 (1863); Atkins. J. A. S. Benxj. liv,
p. 153 (1885).
Head reddish-brown, cephalic process black; thorax greenish-
brown ; abdomen above black, segmental margins narrowly yellow
and more or less cretaceously tomentose ; abdomen beneath yellow ;
head beneath, sternum, and legs pale castaueous, anterior tibiae and
tarsi black : teguiina jmrplish-brown, the costal, outer, and apical
posterior marginal areas olivaceous, the f rst anteriorly margined
aud the other two reticulated with black ; wings bluish-green,
• the anal and apical areas and large discal spots black ; pro- and
mesonota faintly medially carinate ; rostrum extending considerably
beyond the posterior coxae.
Length excl. tegm. 21 ; exp. tegm. 55 millim.
Hah. Andaman Islands {Ind. Miis. 4' ^^^^- Dist.). — Cochin
China.
1732. Kalidasa paulinia, Si(;n. (Aph^ena) Ann. Soc. Ent. Ft: 1862,
p. 123, t. i, f. 6 ; Atkins. (Phoronis) J. A. S. Beny. liv, p. 154
(1885).
Head, thorax above, and abdomen beueatli brownish-ochraceous;
head beneath, sternum, aud legs reddish-ochraceous or pale cas-
taueous ; narrow lateral margins of pronotum, two small rounded
spots on posterior area of mesonotum, abdomen above, anterior
tibiae and tarsi black ; last three segments of abdomen above
cretaceously tomentose, the segmental margins narrowly ochraceous ;
tegmiua testaceous-red, the costal, outer, and apical posterior
marginal areas ochraceous, the first anteriorly margined aud the
other two reticulated with black ; wings pale fuscous, a little bluish-
green near base, the anal and apical areas and large discal spots
piceous ; pro- and mesonota distinctly but finely medially carinate ;
rostrum considerably passing the posterior coxce.
Length excl. tegm. 20 ; exp. tegm. 56 millim.
Hah. Tenasserim {Jide Atkinson). — Cochin China.
214 rULGOKIDiE.
Stal preferred to regard A'. pauJima as a colour-variety of the
preceding species. 1 have followed Signoret and Atkinson in
treating it as distinct.
1733. Kalidasa albiflos, JValk. {AiAieena) List Ilom. ii, p. 280 (1851);
Atkins. (Aphaiia?) J. A. *S'. Be»ff. liv, p. 148 (1885).
Head above ochraceous; thorax above olivaceous ; lateral margins
of pronotum narrowly ochraceous and inwardly black ; abdomen
above black, segmental margins ochraceous, posterior segments
cretaceously tomentose ; body beueath and legs testaceous-red ;
anterior and intermediate tibiae and tarsi and sometimes the pos-
terior tibia) (partly) black ; tegmina piceous, much mottled with
greyish fasciate-like spots, apical or outer area brownish-testaceous
and finely reticulate, beneath this area is usually finely greyishly
tomentose ; wings piceous, the apical, posterior, and anal areas
greyish-white, in some specimens very pale fuscous-brown, the
piceous area mottled with bluish-grey irregular spots ; pronotum
subobsoletely medially carinate, the mesonotum with the cariuation
practically obsolete ; rostrum very long, reaching the penultimate
abdominal segment.
Length excl. tegm. 17 to 20 ; exp. tegm. 47 to 55 millirn.
Hah. Malabar (Brit. 3his). Bombay {Leith Sf Dixon, Coll Dist.).
1734. Kalidasa dives, U'a//:. (Aphasna) List Horn, ii, p. 280 (1851) :
Atkins. rAphaua ?) /. A. aS'. Beriff. liv, p. 147 (1885).
Euphria (?) walkeri, Atkiiis. J. A. S. Beyuj. liv, p. 152 (1885).
Greatly resembling the preceding species (K.albiJJos), hut smaller,
the rostrum longer and reaching the base of the abdominal anal
appendage ; sternum with piceous suffusion ; tegmina with the
ground-colour reversed, being pale greenish-testaceous with very
numerous black spots, many of them fasciate in appearance, apical
or outer area as in A', alhijfos, and wings scarcely differing from
those of that species.
Length excl. tegm. 15 ; exp. tegm. 42 millim.
Hah. Malabar {Brit. J\h(s.).
Genus GEBENNA.
Gebemia, *SY«/. Tr. E. S. (3) i, p. 582 (I860): id. Hem. Afr. iv,
p. 135 (1806) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Be//;/, liv, p. 154 (1885).
Type, G. st/h'ia, Stfil.
Distribution., British India.
Head moderately broad, a little narrower than the pronotum,
not protuberant ; vertex transverse, its anterior margin straight,
posterior margin broadly sinuate ; face subquadrate, moderately
amplified on both sides at junction with clypeus, median area
amplified upward, broadly subtruncate at apex, a little gibbous
POLYDICTYA.
215
before apical margin of vertex, not reflexed ; clypeus ecarinate ;
second joint of antennae transverse, produced upward from inser-
tion ; pronotnm medially unicarinate, roundly produced at apex
behind vertex : mesonotum about half longer than pronotnm ;
tegmina scarcely ampliated hut rounded at apex, costal margin
straight, longitudinal veins rarely furcate, small transverse veins
remotely scattered throughout the entire tegmina : wings remotely
transversely veined beyond the middle ; legs simple ; posterior
tibiae with four spines, their bases neither spinose nor tuberculate.
Fig. 92. — Gehenna st/lvia.
1735. Gehenna sylvia, St&l, Tr. E. S. (3) i, p. 583 (1863); Atkins.
J. A. S. Benrj. liv, p. 155 (1885).
Head, thorax above, sternum, and legs ochraceous ; rostrum
piceous ; pronotnm a little infuscate on each side of central cari-
nation and with small black
spots on each lateral area ;
mesonotum blackly punc-
tate on disk, some small
irregular black spots on
anterior margin, two spots
on each lateral margin
before apex, and a central
line on apex black ; abdo-
men above black, with
three longitudinal discal
fascioe and the segmental margins between them ochraceous ; face
somewhat thickly blackly punctate ; anterior and intermediate legs
with the femora spotted and the tibiae aunulated with black ;
abdomen beneath ochraceous, the lateral margins and transverse
spots at segmental margins black ; tegmina from base to a little
beyond middle purplish-red, remotely and irregularly blackly-
punctate, costal marginal area virescent, apical area subhyaline, veins
fuscous and with a few subconflnent fuscous spots; wings vitreous,
palely virescent at base, where they are streaked and apically mar-
gined with piceous, veins piceous; pronotnm with a medial acute
central carination, on each side of which is a broad longitudinal
ridge ; mesonotum acutely medially carinate and with a narrow
curved I'idge on each side of disk ; rostrum passing the posterior
coxae ; posterior tibiae with four spines.
Length excl. tegm. 13 to 17 ; exp. tegm. 39 to 47 millim.
Hah. " North India '' (Brit. Mus.). Nilgiri Hills {Hampsoyiy
Coll. Dist.).
Genus POLYDICTYA.
Polydictya, Guer. Icon. Reyne Anim., te.rte Ins. p. 358 (1830-4) ;
Stai, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 135 (1866) ; Atkins. J. S. Bern/, liv, p. 155
(1885).
Thaumastodictja, A7/7.-. J. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Sac. 1902, p. 307.
Type, P. hasalis, Guer.
216
FULGOEID.'E.
Bisti'ihution. Oriental and Ethiopean. Regions.
Head broad, vertex about four times as broad as the eyes; entire
tegmiua nioi'e or less densely reticulate ; wings reticulate to near
base ; anterior tibiae sometimes moderately dilated ; face obtusely
rounded above, ampliated posteriorly, and distinctly broader than
tlie clypeus ; tegmina elongate, three or sometimes nearly four
times longer tlian broad ; spines to posterior tibise variable in
number.
Melichar (Homop. Fauu. Ceylon, p. 71, 1903) includes this
genus in the Eurybrachydiuae, an innovation \\hich I cannot
follow.
1736. Polydictya basalis, Gucr. Icon. Hepie A7iim., texte Ins. p. 359
(1830-4) ; Hoj^e fEiu-vbracliys), Tr. Linn. Soc. xix, p. 13J-, t. xii,
f. 6 (1845); Sm (Polvdictya), Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1862,
p. 500 ; Athins. J. A. 8. ^Bemj. liv, p. 155 (1885).
Head, pronotum, sternum, and rostrum brownisli-ochraceous ;
mesonotum, legs, and abdomen beneath brown or pale castaneous;
apices of anterior and intermediate tibiae and the tarsi piceous ;
abdomen above purplish-red ; tegmina above brownish-ochreous,
the reticulate venation ochraceous,and with a basal, dai'k olivaceous,
transverse fascia, beneath (excluding apical area) the tegmina have
Fig. 93. — Polydictya hascdis.
a pale olivaceous hue ; wings fuscous-brown, basal anal area
purplish-red, a pale green longitudinal fascia more or less
margined posteriorly with black at base of costal area ; pro-
notum with an obsolete discal broad carinatiou ; rostrum reatthiug
but not passing the posterior coxae ; posterior tibiae with five
spines.
Length excl. tegm. 21 ; exp. tegm. 56 to 60 millim.
Hah. Sylhet {Brit. Mus.).
Note. Stal (Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Eurh. 1862, p. 500) stated that the
Bornean P. imiformis. Walk., was a synonym of this species. It
is, however, quite distinct.
POLYDICTYA. 217
1737. Polydictya negrito, sp. u.
Head aud pronotiimgreenish-stramiueous; inesonotum, sternum,
and legs bvovvnish-ochraceous, apices ol: the femora olivaceous,
anterior and intermediate tibiae black, with a broad pale ochraceous
annulation ; anterior aud intermediate tarsi black ; abdomen
purplish-red, its dorsal surface black on basal area ; tegmina above
brownish-ochraceons,the i*eticulate venation ochraceous, the costal
and claval areas suffused with black, the first with four marginal
ochraceous spots ; beneath (excluding apical area) the tegmina are
suffused \\ith indigo-blue ; wings pale fuscous-brown, the reticulate
venation darker, with two elongate suboblique streaks at base pale
indigo-blue, the uppermost reaching costal area ; pronotuui with
a broad, subobsolete, medial carination : rostrum mutilated in
specimen described ; posterior tibiie with six strong spines.
Length excl. tegm. 17| ; exp. tegm. 46 millim.
Hah. Andaman Islands {De Eoepstorff, Coll. Dist.).
Allied to F. basaHs but smaller, tegmina shorter and indigo-blue
beneath; anterior and intermediate tibise annulaced ; posterior
tibite with six spines.
1733. Polydictya affinis, Atkins. J. A. <S'. Bent/. Ivii, p. 339 (1888).
Polydictya lervida, Gersf. MT. Ver. Vorpomm. xxvii, p. 25 (1896).
Head, thorax above, sternum, abdomen beneath, and rostrum
tawny-yellow ; legs coral-red ; abdomen above witli about basal
half sanguineous, remainder ochraceous : tegmina above bluish-
virescent for about basal third, thence very pale fuscous-brown,
all the reticulate venation ochraceous, or near base greenish-
ochraceous; beneath (exchiding apical area) the tegmina are more
or less suffused with pale bluish, somewhat distinctly blackly
maculate near base ; wings very pale fuscous semi-hyaline, the
venation fuscous-brown, the base ])urplish-red; pronotum distinctly
medially carinate on its posterior half ; rostrum passing the pos-
terior coxsB ; posterior tibise with four spines.
Length excl. tegm. 16 ; exp. tegm. 55 to 58 millim.
Hah. Sikhim {fide Atkinson). Darjiling {Coll. Dist.).
1739. Polydictya tricolor, Westw. (Lystra) Arc. Ent. ii, p. 35,
t. Ivii, f. 4 (1845); Walk. (Polvdictya) List Horn, ii, p. 290
(1851); Atkins. (Polydictya?)"/. A. S. Bemj. liv, p. 156
(1885).
Head ochraceous, with two piceous spots at base of vertex ;
pronotum black, with the lateral and posterior margins broadly
testaceous ; mesouotum black ; abdomen above sanguineous, its
extreme base narrowly somewhat piceous ; face ochraceous ; a
large spot to clypeus and body beneath piceous ; legs and
abdominal anal appendage testaceous-red ; tegmina with nearly
basal half ochraceous, with two transverse series of black spots,
the first near base, the second (three in number) at about one-
third from base, remainder of tegmina uniformly fuscous-brown ;
218 i'ULGORIDiE.
•\vings sanfTuineous. apical area broadly fuscous-brown, posterior
margin Aery pale fuscous ; prouotuni distinctly medially cariuate
on its anterior half ; rostrum reaching posterior coxae ; posterior
tibiae with four spines, the one nearest base very short.
Length excl. tegm, 13 ; exp. tegni. 45 millim.*
Hah. Assam. Darjiling (0. MiiUer, Coll. Dist.).
1740. Polydictya krisna, Kirk. (Polydictya) J. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc.
xiv, 1902, p. 40, pi. A, f. 4 ; id. (Thaumastodictya) ibid. p. 307.
Head, thorax above, face, clypeus, and rostrum ochraceous ;
body beneath and legs fuscous-brown ; abdomen above san-
guineous, its disk slightly fuscous ; the anal appendage ochraceous ;
tegmina with a little more than basal third stramineous much
spotted with black, remainder with the close reticulate venation
ochraceous, the reticulate areas piceous, beneath the tegmina are
a little brighter than above ; wings sanguineous, the apical area
(broadly) and the posterior margin pale fuscous with the venation
reddish-bro«n ; pronotum broadly medially ridged on its anterior
half ; rostrum reaching or passing middle of abdomen ; posterior
tibife with five spines t.
Length excl. tegm. 13| ; exp. tegm. 38 millim.
Hab. Ceylon ; Ivandy and Pundaluoya (Green).
The above description and dimensions are taken from a cotype
kindly sent to me by Mr. Green ; the species seems very closely
allied to P. pantlierina, Gerst., which I have not seen.
1741. Polydictya pantherina, Gersf.MT. J'er. T'or/w^^w;. xxvii, p. 26
(1896).
Testaceous, some\A-hat shining ; legs black ; tegmina with
multitudinous black spots, apex somewhat subinfuscate ; wings
posteriorly sanguineous, apically broadly fuscous.
Nearer to P. tricolor, Westw., by the less dense reticulation at
base of tegmina, but widely removed by colour ; vertex with a flat
and uneven basal prominence ; face convex, A^ery shining, both
sides with a large thin excavated impression, clypeus only
deepened at base ; rostrum extending to base of posterior femora ;
head, pro- and mesonota light yellowish-brown, the former with a
continuous central keel ; metanotum sanguineous ; legs black,
intermediate tibiae before apices and posterior legs to a greater
extent rust-colour ; tegmina extended as in P. tricolor, nearly
parallel, at the apices obliquely truncated, above dull ochraceous,
* These cliniensioiis are taken from two sjDecimeiis iu my own collection.
Westwood's figure represents a much larger specimen, and Atkinson gives the
dimensions, probably taken from this figure, as 16^ and 5(i-57 millim.
i' Kirkaldy {»iipra) describes the number of these spines as " 6-7," but. in one
of his labelled cotypes, kindly sent me by Mr. Green, the number is distinctly
only five. It may also be mentioned that in Kirkaldy's figure the reticulate
venation to the wings has been omitted.
EURTBRACHyDIN.'E, 219
towards tips more luteous with uumerous larger and smaller dull
black spots, rather irregularly tessellated, so that the basal third
appears less maculate, m hile in costal area there are four darker
and more prominent spots, beneath to three-fifths of length
more or less bone-yellow, the brown apical area suffused with
sanguineous ; posterior wings coloured as in tricolor, that is, with
a decided bow-shaped border of the sanguineous basal area, but
the brown apical area not blackish, but more umber-brown, caused
by the light red reticulation on a dark ground-colour : abdomen
piceous. spotted with sanguineous, the genital appendage rust-
colour.
Length excl. tegm. 15 ; exp. tegm. 43 millim.
Hab. Ceylon (Jide Gerstaeckei).
I have not seen this species, and have given what seems to be
the salient points in Gerstaecker's description.
In the ' lusecta Saundersiana ' (p. 37), Walker has desci-ibed
a species {Echetra semilutea) to which he has appended the
locality '• Hiudostan." This is a strange error, for not only is tlie
specimen labelled " Para," but in his description of the genus
which he foiuided for the reception of the species he wrote :
" This genus seems to replace in South America the Asiatic genus
Dichoptera,''^
Subfamily II. EURYBRACHYDINiE.
Eurybrachydida, StFd, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 129 (1866).
Eurybrachydina, «SYf?/, O/o. Vet.-Ali. Fork. 1870, p. 753.
Eurybrachidre, Melich. (part.) Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 66 (1903).
Anal area of wings very rarely reticulate, if so, the clypeus
convex without lateral ridges ; posterior tibiae without a mobile
spur at apex ; face broad, transverse, or almost equally long and
broad, angularly ampliated on each side ; anterior legs compressed,
more or less dilated.
With many of the genera of this subfamily the specific differen-
tiation is to be chiefly found in the coloration, as is the case with
the Lepidoptera. The principal structural characters are detailed
in the generic diagnoses and are very constant, and therefore in
the specific descriptions ib serves no useful purpose to repeat
them .
Synoims of Genera.
A. Eyes spiuose beneath.
a. Wings not or scarcely broader than
tegmina.
a. Face scarcely or only a little broader
than prouotum.
a . Tegmina normal, without an apical
filamentous appendage ; posterior
tibiaB with five spines Eurybeachys, p. 220.
220 FTJLGORID.E.
ft^. Tegmiua with an apical filamentous
appendage ; posterior tibise with
four spines Ancyea, p. 225.
h. Face distinctly broader than pronotum.
h' . Tegmina and wings moderately broad,
the apex of the latter broadly
rounded ; posterior tibite with six
spines Messena, p. 226.
Ir. Tegmina very long and narrow, very
much longer than wings, the apices
of which are obtusely subangulate ;
posterior tibiae with six spines .... Nicidus, p. 229.
b. Wings broader than tegmina.
c. Vertex of head distinctly sinuate at
base ; median longitudinal area of
winos dilated Thessitits, p. 230.
(I. Vertex of head either very slightly
sinuate at base or truncate ; wings
without a dilated area.
e. Head (including eyes) about as broad
as pronotum Loxocephala, p. 232.
(■' . Head (including eyes) considerably
narrower than pronotum Nksis, p. 233.
B. Eyes not spinose beneath Frutis, p. 234.
Genus EURYBRACHYS.
Ein-ybrachys, Guer. Voy. Belany. Ind.-Orient. p. 475 (1834) ;
Spin. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1839, p. 367 ; Stal., Rio Jan. Hem. ii,
p. 67 (1858) ; id. Stett. ent. Zeit. xxiv, p. 245 (1863) ; Atld7is.
J. A. S. Bemj. Iv, p. 13 (1886).
Type, E. lepeUelkri., Gue'r,
Uistribidion. Oriental and Malayan liegions.
Wings moderate in size, not or scarcely broader than the
tegmina; head very broad, slightly prominent before the ej'es,
geuse narrow, antennae short cylindrical, front about as broad or
only slightly broader than the pronotum, eyes beneath distinctly
spinose ; tegmina with the clavus very broad at apex ; posterior
tibiie with live spines.
A. Wings white, their apical areas unspotted.
1742. Eurybrachys lepelletieri, Guer. Voij. Beluwj. Ind.-Orient.
p. 476 (1834) ; Spin. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1839, p. 369 ; Atkins.
J. A. S. Beny. Iv. p. 15 (1886).
Head, pronotum, mesonotum, and abdomen above and beneath
ochraeeous ; metanotum, base of abdomen, sternum, and legs
purplish-i*ed ; rostrum, posterior tibiae and tarsi, and transverse
fascia) to abdomen beneath black ; tegmina greenish-ochraceous
(in faded or spirit-specimens almost ochraeeous), with a spot at
base and a transverse fascia near base rosy-red, on apical half
there are two curved transverse fascias which are more ochraeeous
EUBYBRACHYS. 221
and less red, the apical marginal area greyish ; wings creamy-
white ; vertex with two fove?e, some^\•hat wide apart ; pronotum
with a transverse series of four
foveate spots, the two central ones
somewhat contiguous ; mesouotum
with four foveate spots, the two
central ones widest apart ; ros-
trum almost reaching the posterior
coxae ; posterior tibiae with the basal
Pig_ 94 spine smallest.
Eunjbrachys lepdlctieri. Length excl. tegm. 10 to 11 ;
exp. tegm. 21 to 25 millim.
Hah. Bengal, Bombay {Coll. Dist.). Nilgiri Hills (Ham2)Son).
1743. Eurybrachys venusta, Stal, Stctt. ent. Zeit. xxiv, p. 245
(1863) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Bemj. Iv, p. 14 (1886).
Head and pronotum olivaceous-green ; lateral and posterior
margins of pronotum, mesonotum, metanotum, sternum, and legs
dull purplish-red ; abdomen ochraceous, apically thickly furnished
with waxy-white efflorescence, beneath with transverse black
fasciae ; posterior tibiae moi'e or less inf uscate or piceous ; tegmina
with about basal half olivaceous -green with paler spots, margined
outwardly and posteriorly with dull reddish, the same colour at
extreme base, remaining area of tegmina dull greyish with the
venation subolivaceous, tegmina beneath \\\i\\ the basal half dull
. red, remaining area more or less cretaceous, the venation darker ;
^\ iugs cretaceous-white, the venation very pale ochraceous, extreme
base sanguineous ; tegmina short and broad, about twice longer
than broad.
Length excl. tegm. 9 to 10 ; exp. tegm. 20 to 25 millim.
Hah. Nilgiri Hills {fide Mil). Travancore {Coll. Dist.).
1744. Euryhrachys manifesta, sp. n.
Head (including face) smooth shining ochraceous, vertex with
two discal indentations ; pronotum ochraceous, its base san-
guineous ; mesonotum sanguineous ; abdomen ochraceous, its
base, sternum, and legs sanguineous ; rostrum, posterior tibiae and
tarsi fuscous ; some transverse discal fasciae to abdomen beneath
piceous ; tegmina greyish, ^^•ith about basal half (excluding inner
and extreme costal margins) rosy-red, some\\hat obsoletely spotted
with ochraceous, the whole of the venation ochraceous ; wings
greyish white, a little rosy-red on basal area, the venation
ochraceous ; rostrum robust, reaching the posterior coxae ; abdomen
broad, its lateral margins prominently convexly waved ; anal
valves lax'ge, broad, and spatular.
Length excl. tegm. 9 ; exp. tegm. 22 millim.
Hah. Nilgiri Hills (Hamjjson, Coll. Hint.). Coonoor (Davison,
Brit. Mtis.).
222 FULGORID.i;.
1745. Eiirybrachys apicata, Dist. Tr. E. S. 189l', p. 281.
Body aud legs dull sanguineous ; head (excluding eyes) pale
ochraceous : posterior tibiae a little infuscate ; abdomen (in typical
specimen) in somewhat mutilated condition, but beneath clearly
seen to be black with ochraceous segmental margins ; tegmina pale
olivaceous-green, the extreme base and a broad transverse fascia
at apex dull purplish-i'ed ; wings pale greyish, with nearly the
basal half dull purplish-red.
Length excl. tegm. 8: exp. tegm. IS millini.
Hah. " India " (Coll. Dist.).
I only know this very distinct species by a single specimen in
somewhat mutilated condition, and labelled simply " India," as
in bygone days was a too frequent practice.
B. Wings wJiiie, their apical areas tvith hlaclc transverse s]iots.
1746. Euryhrachys spinosa, Fair. (Cicada) Ent. Syst. Suppl p. 520
(1798) : Co(pieh. III. li, p. 35, t. ix, f. 4 (1799)"; Fahr. (Lystraj
Syst. lihyny. p. 58 (1803) ; Spin. (Eurybrachys) Ann. Soc.
Ent. Fr. 1839, p. 309; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. Iv, p. 15
(1886).
A specimen in my collection, which I identify as this species,
has the head, prouotum, mesonotum, and abdomen above and
beneath ochraceous ; about apical half of abdomen above, apex of
abdomen beneath, metanotum, sternum, and legs purplish-red,
posterior tibiae and tarsi black ; tegmina virescent, with three
greenish- white transverse fasciae, the basal fascia shortest and con-
lined to the posterior half of tegmina, and an elongate transverse
black spot near apex of posterior margin (Coquebert's figure
exhibits two transverse spots) ; wings creamy-white, with two
transverse black spots on apical area ; structural characters
apparently as in E. lejpelletieri, Guer.
Length excl. tegm. 8: exp. tegm. 16 millim.
Hah. Madras {Ooll. Dist.).
I am in doubt as to the above being the species described by
Fabricius, but hesitate to describe it as new. It agrees in the
colour of the tegmina and the absence of apical black dots as
described by Burmeister, but the posterior tibiaj are black, and
therefore the legs not wholly red as described by Fabricius and
tigured by Coquebert. Neither of these authors described the
wines.
1747. Enrybrachys tonientosa, Fair. (Cicada) Syst. Ent. ii, p. 324
(1775) ; id. (Lystra) Syst. Ehyng. p. 60 (1803) ; Amy. ^- Serv.
(Eurybracbys) Hem. p. 517 (1843) ; Stal, Hem. Fabr. ii, p. 100
(1869) ; Atldns. J. A. S. Beny. Iv, p. 14 (1886).
EUEYBRACHYS. 223
Lystra bimacuiata, Fahr. Syst. E/ii/nr/. p. 60 (1803) ; Stdl
'(Eurvbrachys), Hem. Fahr. i\, p. 100 (1869) ; Atkins. J. A. S.
Hem/. Iv, p.'l4 (I88G).
Eurybrachys fraterna, Stdl, Ofv. Fet.-Alc. Fiirh. 18.")8, p. 450;
Melkh. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 67, t. iii, f. 15 (190o).
Head, pronotuui, aud mesonotum greeuish-olivaceoas ; meta-
notum, sternum, and legs purplish-red; abdomen fuscous or
brownish-ochraceous, \\\ fresh specimens studded above with small
tufts of, and the apex broadly clothed with, white waxy efflo-
resceuce ; posterior tibise and tarsi black or fuscous ; transverse
fasciae to abdomen beneath black ; tegmina olivaceous-green, with
small scattered spots and oblique transverse discal fasciae
llavescent, the apical marginal area with a double series of small
shining black spots and a larger spot near apex of posterior
margin ; va ings creamy-white, with two obliquely transverse black
fasciae on apical area.
Length excl. tegm. to 9 ; exp. tegm. 18 to 25 millim.
Hah. Bombay {Blxon). Nilgiri Hills {Hamjison). Bangalore
{Cameron). Ceylon {^Green).
This is a most variable — both in size and coloui* — species to
identify. Typical aud fresh forms are as above described, and as
correctly described but inefficiently figured by Melichar (supra),
whose artist has made the fascia? of the tegmina to appear as
black ; in some specimens these fasciae are testaceous, in others
macular and much broken. In faded specimens the tegmina are
ochraceous, with the fascia? only a little paler and subobsolete. I
.am satisfied that iomentosa, Fabr., bimacuiata, Fabr., and fraterna,
Stal, are conspecific ; whether there may not be another closely
allied species among the other small forms 1 include is at least
possible, though I think improbable. There appears to be a variety
with the less concolorous.
C. Wini/s infascated or fuscoxis, their apical areas tvith a
transverse ivliite fascia.
174S. Eurybrachys apicalis, Walk. (Issus) List Horn, ii, p. 368
(1851); Stal (Eurybrachys) Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1362, p. 488.
Eurybrachys subfasciata, Walk. List Horn, ii, p. 391 (1851);
Atkins. J. A. S. Bemj. Iv, p. 17 (1886).
Head and pronotum dull stramineous or ochraceous ; mesonotum
testaceous or fuscous-testaceous ; abdomen above, sternum, aud
legs testaceous, or in faded specimens ochraceous ; abdomen
beneath and posterior tibiae and tarsi black, the first with the
lateral and narrow segmental margins ochraceous ; rostrum
piceous ; tegmina pale tawny-brown, sometimes a little darkly
speckled on basal half, apical area with two ])rominent black
spots — one on anterior, the other on posterior margin (the
uppermost sometimes absent) — and a series of minute black spots
224 ruLGOEiD.T;,
on the apical marg'mal area ; wings very pale fuscous, the apical
area black or dark fuscous, containing a transverse white
fascia.
Length excl. tegm. 5| to 6| ; exp. tegm. 15 to 18 millim.
Hah. North Bengal {Brit. Mus.). Bouibay {Dixon). Bangalore
{Coll. Dist.). Ceylon : Peradeniya {Green).
1749. Eurybrachys dilatata, Walk. List Horn, ii, p. 392 (1851) ;
Mt'Iich. Horn. Faun. Ceijlon, p. (i? (1903).
Yppy closely allied to the preceding species {E. apicalis), but with
the abdomen above as beneath, viz., black with the lateral and the
segmental margins ochraceous ; legs less sanguineous and more
fuscous; thorax above wholly tawny-brown speckled with fuscous;
base of abdomen ilarrowly sanguineous ; other characters as in
E. aincalis.
Length excl. tegm. 7 ; exp. tegm. 14 to 15| millim.
Hah. Nilgiri Hills {Hampson). Ceylon {Brit. Mus.). Hambantota
{Green).
It is quite possible that this is only a varietal form of E. ajricalis.
Walk., but at pi-esent there is no more reason for that conclusion
than there is for its specitic distinctness, which at least seems more
probable.
1750, Eurybrachys? rubricincta, H'alk. Lis. Saund.,Hom. p. 46
(1858) : Atkins. (Eurybrachys ?) /. A. S. Beny. Iv, p. IG (1886).
The tvpe of this species is not now to be found in the British
Museum, or it may have been sunk as a synonym of some other
species by Walker himself without published comment. I there-
fore, under the circumstances, give his original description : —
" Testaceous, Vertex transverse, short, slightly ai-ched, with a
brown dot on each side; front flat, smooth, transverse, dilated and
angular on each side ; face small. Thorax slightly marked with
brown. Prothorax slightly convex in front, with a slight middle
keel. Mesothorax with three slight keels. Metathorax bright
crimson. Legs bright-red ; anterior legs much dilated. Pore
wings pale luteous, whitish at the tips, with three spotted green
bands ; some black marks on the veins, three black dots near the
interior angle, and two black submarginal points. Hind wings
snow-white with two black spots in front, the second almost
apical. Male. Abdomen with foliaceous apical appendages.
Female. Abdomen towards the tip with a mass of snow-white
filaments."' ( WeiRer.)
" Length of the body ^h lines ; of the wings ^^> lines."
Hah. " North Hindostan."
AIs'CYEA. 225
Genus ANCYRA.
Aiicyra, WJiite, A. M. N. H. xv. p. 34 (1845) : Atkins. J. A. S. Benq.
liv, p. 156 (1885).
Type, A. appendicuJata, White.
Distrihvtion. Oriental Region.
Eyes with a tuberculous spine beneath ; head (inchiding eyes) a
little broader than the prouotum : anterior margin of front with
a well-developed ridge ; face oblique, much broader than long,
\A ith transverse rugose lines ; clypeus narrow ; pronotum slightlv
broader than mesonotum, witli three discai longitudinal ridges ;
tegmina narrow in male, much broader in female, distinctly
notched on posterior margin at claval apex, narrowed at apical
area in male, and in this sex proAided with a long apical process,
apical area not narrowed but broadly apically rounded in female
aud provided with a somewhat short dentate apical process ;
venation longitudinal, ^^ith very indistinct transverse veinlets ;
wings in both sexes about as broad as tegmina, elongate, a little
broadened medially and provided in the female with a short
robust apical process ; anterior femora compressed, moderate!}'
dilated ; anterior tibia? strongly dilated, posterior tibi* with four
spines.
1751. Ancyra appeiidiculata. White. A. M. X. H. xv, p. 34 (1845) ;
Westw. Cab. Orient. £nf. p. 74, t. xxxvi, f. 5 (1848) : Dist.
J. A. S. Bene/, xlviii (2), p. 38 (1879).
(S . Head, pro- and mesonota, and
sternum brownish-ochraceous; anterior
margin of front, margins of pronotum,
and posterior angle of mesonotum
narrowly fuscous ; face with margins
and transverse rugose lines fuscous ;
legs piceous, more or less speckled with
pjo. 95 pale brownish ; metanotum and basal
A/wyra appeiidiciilafa. c^ . half of abdomen sanguineous, apical
half ochraceous with its dorsal disk
black ; tegmina shining brownish-ochraceous, the apical appen-
dages black ; wings black, their apical margins palely fuscous.
5. Eesembling J , but with the tegmina much broader and
apically broadly rounded ; aboA e dull purplish-red, with the apical
area united to a preceding oblique transverse fascia, and a ntmiber
of small spots on basal half, greyish ; beneath more uniformly and
brightly purple-red, with the apical margin ochraceous ; wings
generally as in male, but with a tooth-like apical appendage ;
abdomen much covered with white waxy efflorescence.
Length excl. tegm., d" 6, $ 9; exp. tegm., J 20, $ 23 to
26 milhm.
-Hah. Burma : Moulmein (Jide Wright) : Tenasserim, Myitta
(Doherti/).
VOL. III. Q
226
FULGORID.B.
1752. Ancyra histrionica, Sfal, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxiv, p. 245 (1863) ;
Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. liv, p. 157 (1885).
5 . Pusco-ferruginous ; face yellow-ferruginous, adorned with
five subelevated narrow black bands ; tegmina obscurely ferru-
gineous, basal part and oblique band behind the middle flavesceut,
apical callus black, apical appendage f uscescent - ochraceous ;
abdomen flavesceut (when alive sanguineous ?), apex covered with
a mouldy puhescence ; feet blackish. Closely allied to A. appcn-
diculata ; tegmiua, especially behind the middle, broader ; apical
appendage shorter, fuscesceut-ochraceous not black-f uscolis, apical
callus smaller ; wings broader aud their apical pi'ocess shorter.
Length excl. tegm., $ , 11 ; exp. tegm. 20 millim.
Hab. Burma ; Pegu {Jide Atkinson). — Cambodia.
I have not seen this species.
Genus MESSENA.
Messena, Stdl, Rio Jan. Hem. ii, p. 67 (1858) : id. Stett. ent. Zeit.
xxiv, p. 246 (1863) ; Atkim. J. A. S. Ben;/. Iv, p. 12 (1886).
Type, M. pidverosa, Hope.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Eegions,
Wings somewhat narrow, either not so broad or scarcely
broader than the tegmina ; head very broad, distinctly angularly
prominent before the eyes, genae broad, front distinctly broader
than the pronotum, vertex subequal in length to pronotum, eyes
beneath distinctly spinose ; tegmina w^ith the clavus very broad at
apex ; posterior tibia? with six spines.
A. Wimjs white, with submarriinal black spots.
1753. Messena pulverosa, ^ope (Eurybrachis), Tr. Linn. Soc. xix,
p. 134, t. xii, f. 7, a, h (1845) ; fital (Messeua), Rio Jan. Hem.
ii, p. 67 (1862) ; id. Stett. ent. Zeit. xxiv, p. 246 (1863) ;
Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. Iv, p. 17 (1886).
Messena burmanica, Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. Ivii, p. 340 (1888).
Head and thorax above ochraceous speckled mth brown, aud
with two small fuscous discal spots on pronotum ; abdomen dull
sanguineous, apex with a long white coarse pilose appendage
(easily mutilated aud fre-
quently absent in cabinet
specimens) ; face bright
reddish - ochraceous, its
margins aud the clypeus
ochraceous ; sternum and
legs viresceut, anterior
legs spotted with b]ack,the
tarsi and nearly the whole
of the posterior tibiae
Fig. 96. — Metit^ena pulverosfa. black; disk of abdomen
beneath with alternate
black and ochraceous transverse fascise ; tegmina with about basal
I
MESSENA. 227
half (not reaching costal margin) virescent, with the venation
darker, remaining area pale greyish with the venation fuscous,
about three small black spots on virescent area, and two and some
\evy mucli smaller black spots on apical area ; wings cretaceous,
with three subapical white spots ; x'ostrum short, piceous, about
reaching the intermediate coxae.
Length excl. tegm. 144 to 15 ; exp. tegm. 50 to 55 millim.
Bab. Sylhet (Brit. Mas.). Malabar {Coll. Bist.). Burma;
Pal on {Binyliam).
The type of M. hnnnanica, Atkins., is now contained in the
collection of the British Museum; it is a faded specimen of
M. jmlvcrosa in which the basal green coloration of the tegmina
has become tawny-brown.
1754. Messena nebulosa, Stdl, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxiv, p. 246 (1863) ;
Atkins. J. A. S. Beiu/. Iv, p. 18 (1886).
Head, thorax, sternum, and legs ochraceous ; anterior legs
spotted with black, posterior tibite (excluding base) piceous, tarsi
more or less piceous ; abdomen sanguineous, beneath with alter-
nate discal black and ochraceous transverse fasciae ; head and
thorax above finely mottled with fuscous-brown ; abdominal anal
appendage ochraceous ; tegmina very pale tawny-greyish, with
irregular scattered piceous mottlings on basal half not reaching
costal area, and three subapical marginal spots and smaller apical
spots or dots piceous ; wings cretaceous, with three subapical
black spots ; rostrum mutilated in specimen described.
Closely allied to the preceding species (J/, pidverosa), Stal
describes the tegmina and wings as narrower, the former not
amplified towards the apex, but these differences do not exist in
my specimens. The differences are principally those of colour,
but the two species seem undoubtedly distinct.
Length excl. tegm. 15 ; exp. tegm. 47 to 50 millim.
Hah. Malabar {Coll. Bist.). — Malay Peninsula. Cambodia,
1755. Messena punctif era, 7^«/^•. (Eurvbrachys) List Ham. ii, -p. 383
(1851) ; Bist. J. A. S. Benff. xlviii (2), p. 38 (1879) ; Atki7is.
op. cit. Iv, p. 16 (1886).
Body above pale fawn-colour, head and thorax above finely
mottled with tawny-brown ; body beneath and legs paler and
more ochraceous, antei'ior tibiae and apical areas of anterior
femora somewhat thickly speckled with piceous, intermediate
tibiae outwardly mottled with piceous, tarsi with fuscous annu-
lations ; abdomen beneath with transverse abdominal segmental
])iceous fasciae ; tegmina very pale fawn-colour, the venation
darker and in parts testaceous, the costal and apical areas
irregularly a little paler, the last ornamented with very small
piceous spots continued a little along the extreme posterior
margin, where the largest spot is situate ; wings creamy-white
q2
228 FULGomDvii.
Mitl) pale fu.'^cous suffusion, a transverse black spot near or at apex
and a smaller one a little before it on posterior margin ; rostrum
reaching intermediate coxa^. a little fuscous at base ; face very
sliglitly granulose, with a few transverse narrow linear brown
spots.
Length excl. tegm. 10| ; exp. tegm. 37| miliim.
Hah. Madi'as {Brit. Mvs.). Teuasserim.
175G. Messena radiata, DM. Tr. E. S. 1892, p. 280, t. xiii, f. 1.
Head and thorax above ochraceous, Mith irregular darlser
markings ; face ochraceous, its anterior margin speckled with
fuscous: abdomen above sanguineous, its lateral margins and
anal appendages orange-yellow ; sternum and legs pale ochraceous,
anterior femora and tibise finely spotted with black ; posterior
tibise (excluding base), rostrum (excluding apex), and posterior
coxal spots black ; abdomen beneath orange-yellow, the segmental
margins and apex more or less fuscous ; tegmina with almost
basal half ochraceous shaded with purplish towards its margins
and with a few small scattered discal purplish spots, remaining
area pale grevish-brown, with a central suhapical spot, a spot near
apex of inner margin, and some very small scattered spots on
apical margin black ; wings pale greyish, with three subapical
marginal black spots.
Length excl. tegm. 12; exp. tegm. 30 miliim.
Hab. Nilgiri Hills (Nampson).
B. Winr/s ivliite, witli ilic basal area sanciuineous and witJi
svhmarfjinal blade spots.
1757. Messeiia crildelis, Westw. (Eurvbrachvs) A. M. N. H. (2) vii.
p. 208 (1851) : Kirk. J. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Sac. xiv, p. ol (1902) :
Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 69 (1903).
Eurybrachys westwoodi, Kirhy, J. Linn. Soc, Zool. xxiv, p. 14' i.
t. vi, f. 1 (1891); Kirk. (Messena) Entomologist, xxxiii.
p. 294 (1900) ; Melich. (Eurvbraclivs-Messeua) 'Horn. Faim.
Ceylon, p. 69 (1903).
Head and thorax above brownish ochraceous with darker
mottlings, and with two or three small discal piceous spots on
pronotum ; abdomen above sanguineous \\\\\\ cretaceous pilose
spots and with a mass of cretaceous waxy efflorescence at apex ;
bodv beneath brownish ochraceous : rostrum, coxal spots, bases
of femora, posterior tibite and tarsi, lateral spots and transverse
discal fascise to abdomen beneath black ; tegmina either greyish-
white with the veins fuscous and about basal half bluish-green, or
pale fuscous-brown with the basal half darker, but in this case
bluish-green beneath, about three discal piceous spots on basal
area, and smaller spots or dots on apical area, frequently
a prominent black spot near apex of inner margin; wings
jSTicidus. 229
cretaceous white, with about basal third bright sanguineous, and
with three black submarginal apical spots.
Length excl. tegiu. 11 to 13 ; exp. tegm. 44 to 55 millim.
Hah. Ceylon; Kandy, Dambool ((rrde^)-
WestvA'ood described tlie species from a faded specimen, in
which the green coloration of the tegmina had become obsolete ;
Kirby's description applies to fresh specimens.
C. Winqs rfi-ei/ish, with the upper basal area hJacJc and with
submarginal black spots.
I75S. Messena sinuata, Atkins. J. A. 8. Beng. Ivii, p. 3o9 (1888j.
Head and thorax above pale tawny-brown, irregularly spotted
nith piceous ; abdomen above aud the mesosternuin sanguineous,
abdominal apex covered with cretaceous waxy efflorescence ; face,
prosteruum, legs, and abdomen beneath pale tawny-brown ; face
and anterior and intermediate legs spotted and mottled \\ith
piceous ; anterior tibia3 and posterior legs piceous ; abdoinen
beneath with lateral spots aud transverse discal fascia3 black ;
tegmina with about basal two-thirds, obliquely narrowing to costal
margin at about one-third from base, purplish-red, somewhat
transversely marked by maculate black fasciae, the costal margin
with small black spots, remaining area pale dull ochraceous
with clusters of bhack mottled markings on apical area aud above
the termination of the basal purplish area ; wrings greyish-ochra-
ceous, a large black longitudinal fascia on the anterior area
widened outwardly and truncate ly terminating at about two-thirds
from base, apical area with three submarginal black spots, the
two uppermost sometimes confluent.
Length excl. tegm. 15 ; exp. tegm. 36 millim.*
Hab. Trivandrum (Ferr/mon). Nilgiri Hills {Hampsoa).
Genus NICIDUS.
Xicidus, Stal, Ofo. Vd.-Ah. Fork. 1858, p. 451; Melich. Horn.
Faun. Ceuhn, p. G9 (1903).
Kandiaua, i)ist. Tr. E. S. 1892, p. 280.
Type, N. fusco-nebidosus, Stal.
Distribution. Ceylon.
Body oblong ; head broad, broader than pronotum, anteriorly
aud obsoletely angularly rounded, vertex about half as long as
broad, face much flattened and approaching plaue of sternum,
strongly angularly produced in front of eyes ; clypeus moderately
convex ; antennae short, not passing beyond eyes, which are strongly
* Atkinson gives 46 millim. as the expanse of tegmina, but this is probably
a misprint.
230 rULGORIDiE.
spined ; pronotuin transverse, a little shorter than mesonotum ;
tegmina very long, about halt' as long again as body, the apex
a little narrowed, venation reticulate, more obsoletely so at
base ; wings about as broad as, but one-third shorter than,
tegmina; anterior tibia? moderately compressed and dilated,
posterior tibiae with six spines.
1759. Nicidus fusco-nebiilosiis, Stdl. Ofc. J'd.-A/c. Fork. 1858,
p. 451 ; Melirh. Horn. Faun. Cet/loti', p. 70, t. iii, f. 14 (1903).
Kandiana lewisi, JJisf. Tr. F. S. 1892, p. 280, t. xiii, f. 2.
Body above and abdomen beneath warm ochraceous ; face, ster-
num, and legs more stramineous ; apices of anterior femora, and the
anterior tibia? and tarsi, thickly mottled
with fuscous, intermediate tibia> and
tarsi less thickly mottled witli fuscous ;
body above ^^■ith darker mottlings or
shadings ; tegmina subhyaline, venation
brownish-ochraceous, with irregular
uiottHngs and spots of the same colour,
pjg f)- basal area more fuscously maculate,
Nicidioifuxco-nehulii^m. aud just before apex the spots become
almost I'asciate ; wings pale obscure
ochraceous-browu, the apex greyish preceded by a transverse
fuscous spot.
Length excl. tegm. 9 ; exp. tegm. 32 to 3-5 millim.
Hah. Ceylon (Lewis) ; Kandy ( Green).
This species appears to be confined to the island of Ceylon.
Genus THESSITUS.
Thessitus, Walk. Jouni. Fat. i, p. 307 (1862) ; StSJ, Ofc. Tet.-Ah.
Fork. 1870, p. 753 ; Atkins. J. A. >S'. Bent/. Iv, p. 12 (■l886).
Thessita, Stdl, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxiv, pp. 24G-7 (1863).
Type, T. mortuifoUa. Walk., from the Malayan Region.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Eegions.
Wings ample, broader than the tegmina; head with the lateral
angles of the front much produced, vertex distinctly sinuate at base ;
antennae short, cylindrical ; clavus broad at apex, the two longi-
tudinal veins separated throughout their whole length ; median
longitudinal area of wings dilated and with the outer area of
wings furnished with transverse veins ; posterior tibiae with six
spines ; anterior and intermediate femora and tarsi somewhat
strongly dilated ; rostrum reaching the posterior coxae ; anterior
and anterior-lateral margins of face with two ridges, between
which the surface is concave ; tegmina with about apical half, aud
the costal area (excluding base) with the venation, reticulate.
THESSITTJS.
231
A. Vertea^ of head not quite twice broader than long.
a. Ter/mina rvith the apical margins oblique.
1760. Thessitus insignis, Westiv. (Eurybracliys) A. M. N. H. ix,
p. 119 (1842) ; Hope (Eurvbrachis), Tr. Linn. Sac. xix, p. 134,
t. xii. f. 9 (1845) : Sta/, (Thessita) Stett. ent. Zeit. xxiv, p. 247
(1863) ; Atkins. (Thessitus) J. A. S. Beng. Iv, p. 19 (1886).
Var. multicolor, Walk. (Eurvbrachys) /. Linn. Soc, Zool. i, p. 88
(1856).
Body and legs bl•o^^•nish-ochraceous ; tarsi and rostrum fuscous ;
apex of abdomen (in fresh specimens) more or less covered and
concealed with white waxy efflorescence ; tegmina above pale fa\^'n-
coloured, about basal half (not wholly reaching costal margin)
Fig. 98. — Thessitus insignis.
darker in hue and ornamented A\'ith transverse or oblique black spots,
outer half of costal and the whole of apical marginal areas with
minute black spots, tegmina beneath with the outer margins of the
basal dai-ker coloration broadly eretaceously tomentose ; wings cre-
taceous-white, apical area with a cluster of black spots, of which the
inner three are largest and the outer series (of about five) smallest.
Length excl. tegm. 14^ to IS ; exp. tegm. 54 to Q2 millim.
Jfab. Malabar {Coll. Dist.). — Pound generally throughout the
Indo-Malayan Islands.
The variety or race multicolor, Walk., has the basal area of the
tegmina virescent or bluish-green, and, so far as my experience
extends, is confined to the Eastern or Malayan Eegions, and not
found in British India.
B. Vertex' of head more than twice broader than long.
b. Tegmina ivith the ajyical margin obtusely rounded, subtruncate.
1761. Thessitus nigro-notatus, .S";"*"/ (Thessita). Stett. e)it. Zeit. xxiv,
p. 247 (1863) ; Atkins. (Thessitus) /. A. S. Beng. \v, p. 19
(1886).
Body and legs pale fawn-colour ; vertex of head with the anterior
margin, two spots on each side before eyes and a central basal
spot, prouotum with two anterior angulated spots and five small
232
rULGORID-E.
rounded posterior marginal spots, niesonotum with four discal
spots, of which the two central are largest, face with anterior
margin and five transverse linear spots, apical spots to anterior
femora, and spots to anterior and intermediate tibiae, black ;
posterior tibiae fuscous ; tegmina pale fawn-colour, considerably
and irregularly mottled with black, apical margin with distinct
and somewhat large black spots, and with a distinct subcostal
sanguineous line from base to near middle ; wings greyish-white,
slightly palely infuscated, with a cluster of black spots on apical
area, of which the innermost are largest.
Jjength excl. tegm. 11 ; exp. tegm. '32 to 37 millim.
Hub. Tenasserim {Jide AtJcinson). — Malay Peninsula.
Genus LOXOCEPHALA.
Loxocephala, Scliaum. in Evsch $f Gruber, Ally. Encycl. Wiss. u.
Kilnste, art. Fula-orellas, sec. 53, p. 71 (1850); Atkins. J. A. IS.
^'cH^. Iv, p. 12 (1886).
Type, L. cenujinosa, Hope.
Distribution. Brit. India.
Wings ample, broader than the tegmina ; vertex of head very
slightly sinuate at base or truncated, lateral angles of front less
produced than in Thessitus ; clavus narrowly open at apex, the
two longitudinal veins nearly united at middle : wings without a
dilated area ; head scarcely broader than pronotum ; second joint
of antennae very briefly subcylindrical ; posterior tibiae \\ith five
spines ; face with the two antei'ior ridges fused at centre,
obsoletely continued along lateral margins ; tegmina with the
transverse venation continued to basal area ; anterior legs more
dilated than the intermediate legs ; rostrum short, nearly reaching
the intermediate coxte.
1702. Loxocephala aeruginosa, Hope (Lystra), Tr. Linn. Soc. xviii,
p. 443, t. xxxi, f. 1 (1841) ; >Schauni, m Ersch S,- Gruber (Loxo-
cephala), Ally. Uncycl. Wiss. u. Kilnste, sec. 53, p. 71 (1850) ;
Athins. J. A. S. Beny. l\, p. 20 (1886).
Head and pronotum green, meso-
notum ochraceous ; body testaceous ;
clypeus, rostrum, and legs sanguineous :
small marginal black spots on each side
of sternum ; tegmina very pale tawny-
brown, basal half ornamented with
transverse virescent spots, apical margin
and a large subapical spot black ; wings
greyish-white, apical area pale tawny-
brown outwardly, margined with black.
In many specimens the black apical
margins to both tegmina and wings are absent or obsolete.
Fig. 99.
Loxocephala ceruginom.
JJESIS. 233
Length excl. tegiu. S| to 11 ; exp. tegm. 27^ to 40 millim.*
Hab. S^'lhet, Sikhim (Lid. 2Iiis.). Xorth-west Province ;
Garwhal (Coll. Dist.). Assam ; Khasi Hills (Chennell). Naga
Hills (Doherty).
1 763. Loxocephala decora, Walk. (Eurybraclivs) List Horn, n, p. 382
(1851) ; Atkins. (Loxocephala) J. A. S. ~Ben<j. Iv, p. 20 (1886).
Body above ochraeeous, or probably in fresh specimens virescent ;
a, central line to clypens and the legs sanguineous ; anterior
margins of vertex, pronotum, and mesonotum, and the dilatations
of anterior tibiae black ; tegmina pale tawny-brown ; a transverse
fascia at base, the apical margin, and a diseal transverse streak
before it black ; wings cretaceous-white, apical marginal area very
pale tawny-brown, its outer margin and a spot near apex of costal
margin black.
Length excl. tegm. 10^ ; exp, tegm. 29 to 32 millim.
Hah. Sikhim (lad. JIus.). Darjiiiiig (Coll. Dist.). Assam
(Brit. JIus.).
1764. Loxocephala castanea, Did. Tr. E. S. 1892, p. 281.
Body and legs ochraeeous ; anterior margin of front, central
]Dortion of anterior margin of pronotum, transverse fasciae to
abdomen above, dilatations to the anterior tibiae, apices of tarsi,
and base of apical segment of the abdomen beneath black ; tegmina
bright castaneous, minutely spotted with grey, the apical area
bright ochraeeous, containing a central black macular fascia and
with the apical margin also black.
Length excl. tegm. 10 ; exp. tegm. 28 to 30 millim.
Hab. Assam ; Margherita and Naga Hills (DoJierty).
Allied to L. decora, AValk., from which it may be separated by
the different colour of the tegmina, absence of the black basal
fascia to same, and also by the absence of the black subapical spot
to wings and black fascia to mesonotum.
Genus NESIS.
Nesis, StaJ, Rio Jan. Hem. ii, p. Q7 (1862) : Atkins. J. A. S. Benij.
Iv, p. 12 (1886).
Type, N. tricolor., Walk.
Distribution. Brit. India.
Head narrower than the thorax, vertex subsinuate at the base ;
second joint of the antennae subglobose ; lateral angles of the front
moderately produced ; tegmina elongate, somewhat narrow, the
clavus narrowly open at apex, the longitudinal veins nearly united
in the middle ; wings ample, broader than the tegmina, without a
* Atkinson (.s«^;r«) gives the diiuensions of this species as " Long, 27j
broad, 8^ millim." ; but this is clearly a transposition.
234
rrLGORID.5
dilated ai-ea ; posterior tibiae normally with four spines ; anterior
femora and tibia? distinctly dilated ; clypeus convex.
This genus, according to present knowledge, is confined to
British India, and comprises only two species.
1765. Nesis tricolor. Walk. (Eurybracliys) List Horn, ii, p. 384
(1851) ; Stal (Nesis), Rio Jan. Hem. ii, p. 67 (18(32) ; id. Stett.
enf. Zeit. xxiv, p. 248 (1863) ; Athins. J. A. S. Beng. \\, p. 21
(1886).
Aphana sanguiuipes, Stal, Ofv. J'et.-AJc. Fork. 1854, p. 245 ;
Afhius. (Nesis) J. A. S. Bern/. Iv, p. 21 (1886).
Head above fuscous-brown ; thorax above piceous, densely
palely ochraceously pilose ; abdomen,
sternum, and legs sanguineous ; face
browiiish-ochraceous; clypeus testaceous;
abdominal apex furnished with long white
waxy eiflorescence ; tegmina black, with
scattered pale ocbraceous pilosity, taking
the form of short fascije or spots, apical
Fig. 100.— iW.v/s /ricolor. Vive^ fuscous-browu with scattered black
spots ; tegmina beneath more uniformly
black ; wings cretaceous- white ; vertex of head distinctly nodidose
on each side near eyes.
Length escl. tegm. 9 ; exp. tegm. 27 to 28 millim.
Hah. " Himalayas '' (t'o7/. Z'/si.). ly\xvo{Coll. Dlst.). Mussorree
(^Mackinnon).
1766. Nesis versicolor, sp. n.
Head, pronotum, mesonotum, face, and legs tawny-brown ;
abdomen above and beneath pale testaceous, the anal ajjpendnge
ochraeeous ; sternum ocbraceous ; rostrum (more or less), outer
dilatations of anterior tibiae, tarsi, and two oblique spots at base
of anal ap|)endage beneath piceous ; tegmina fuscous-brown, with
numerous large and irregular dull grey spots on basal two-thirds,
a subapical transverse fascia and large irregular spots on basal
two-thirds sanguineous ; apical area witli two transverse series of
small black spots, the innermost much more discontinuous ; wings
creamy white.
Length excl. tegm. 8.^ : exp. tegm. 27 millim.
Hah. Pan jab ; Dalbousie {Harford, Brit. Mas.).
Allied to N. tricolor, Walk., from which it may be separated by
the different colour of the tegmina, which are also a little more
concavely indented on costal margins before apices, and by the
more dilated anterior lees.
Genus FRUTIS.
Frutis, StSl, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fiirh. 1862, p. 488 ; Atkins. J. A. S. Bemj.
Iv, p. 13 (1866).
Type, F. pulchra, Gray.
Distribtition. Oriental and Malayan Eegions, and recorded from
China.
jRUTis. 235
Eyes unarmed beneath ; elavus sonie\^liat acutely closed at a]iex ;
posterior tibiae usually with six spines ; niesonotum half as long
again as the pronotum ; antennee short, second joint globose;
head (including eyes) distinctly narrower than the pronotum, the
lateral margins of which ai'e subangularly ampliate : anterior
tibiae moderately dilated : abdomen very broad and robust :
tegmina a little longer than body, narrower than wings, venation
considerably reticulate, transverse veinlets often faintly visible,
but extending to near base.
1767. Frutis pillchra. Gray (Lvstra), Grif. An. Kingd., Ins. ii, p. 260
t. xc, f. 5 (iS-d,'2) { StSl (Frutis), Oft: Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1862,
pp. 488 & 500; Atkins. J. A. S. Bern/. Iv, p. 22 (1886).
AplifBiia veris-amor, Walk. J. Lijin. Soc, Zool. \, p. 143 (1857).
Head, thorax above, stern uui, and legs olivaceous-brown ; tibiae
and tarsi infuscate ; abdomen above and beneath sanguineous,
with lateral segmental spiracular small tufts of greyish pile ;
Fig. 101. — Fn(fi!> pulclira.
anal appendage pale ochraceous, usually broadly covered with
white waxy efflorescence ; tegmina shining dark virescent, macularly
a little paler at extreme base, the costal area m.ottled with
ci'etaceous secretion ; an ont\^"ardly curved ochraceous transverse
fascia at about one-third from apex, beyond which the colour is
paler, and before which there is a subobsolete paler oblique fascia ;
in some specimens the costal and apical areas and basal macu-
lation are dull ochraceous ; tegmina beneath, with the margin of
the curved ochraceous fascia, and some scattered spots cretaceously
tomentose : wings cretaceously opaque, the margins a little paler
and sometimes slightly ochraceous.
Length excl. tegm. 19 to 23 ; exp. tegm. 48 to 55 millim.
Hah. " India" ^fide Gray Sf Atl-inson). — Malay Peninsula: Perak
(OoU. Dist.). Borneo.
1^36
rULGORID-T:.
17<58. Purusha reversa, Hope (Eurybrachis), Tr.Llnn. .%c.xix,p. 134,
t. xii, f. 8 (1845) ; Atkins. (?) J. A. K Bemj. Iv, p. 22 (1886).
"Fuscous-yellow, head and thorax coneolorous; abdomen whitish
in the middle, adorned posteriorly witli a yellow cottony substance,
apex shining white ; tegmina fuscous-yellow, tinted subsanguineous
at the base ; a round white spot at anterior margin, a second
smaller almost on the middle of the disc, and other very minute
Fig. 102. — Vuniiliu reversa.
spots sprinkled about ; basal half of wings whitish, apex irregularly
irrorated fuscous ; four anterior feet (legs) yello\-\"-fuscous ; tibiae
more obscui'e; last femora pale testaceous; tibiae blackish." (Hope.)
Length excl. tegm. 14| : exp. tegm. 34 millim.
Bah. 8ylhet {fide Hope) .
This is a very scarce species. I have not seen it, and know of
no one who has, nor am I aware of the location of the type. By
the peculiar \\iugs it evidently constitutes an undescribed genus,
which I propose ]uay be known as Purusha, but wliich I cannot
structurally diagnose from the above specific description, and for
the same reason it could not be located in the synopsis of genera.
Subfamily III. DICTYOPHARINiE.
Dyctiophoroides, part., <S)^/». Ayin. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1839, p. 283.
Pseudophanides, •^•Avi., Amy. ^- Svrv. Hem. p. 502 (1843).
Dictyopharida, Stal, Hem. Afr. iv. p. 129 (1806).
Dietyopharina, S(M, Ofo. Vet.-Ah. For/i. 1870, p. 744: Atkins.
J. A. S. Beng. Iv, p. 22 (1886).
DictyopbaridcT, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p, 17 (1903).
Stal, who is generally followed in the enumeration of these
subfamilies, thus diagnoses the Dictyopharinse : — Posterior tibiae
without a mobile apical spur ; sides of face not angulated ; legs
often simple ; anal area of wings never reticulate ; clavus very
rarely granulate, acuminate at apex, sometimes but rarely some-
what obtusely, distinctly closed ; the two veins remote or very
remote from the apex, sometimes, however, united in one behind the
middle ; costa seldom dilated ; tegmina sometimes abbreviated, or
connate with clavus and corium ; fi^ont without an apical ocellus.
DICHOPTEEA. 237
Synoj^sis of Genera.
In this synopsis I have not included the very distinctive
characters to be found in the structure of the lace, because these
can be more readily vinderstood and compared by the figures
supplied. The synoptical characters gixen below are therefore
siipplementary to the important facial characteristics.
A. Posterior tibife "with from three to seven
spines ; pro- and mesonota not sulcate.
a. Clavus of tegmiua -with a transverse vein.
a. Head with either a short or moderately
long- curved cephalic process ; posterior
tibiffi Avith six or seven spines Dichoptkija, p. 237.
<i'. Head with a very long porrect cephalic
process ; posterior tihife with three or
four spines Pibuocha, p. 240.
b. Clavus of tegmina without a transverse
vein.
h. Tegmina wholly reticulately v^eined Ai.intia, ]>. 241.
//. Tegmina only transversely veined on
apical area.
e'. Anterior femora without a spine.
d'. Head with a well-developed porrect
or curved cephalic process.
e'. Head not sulcate between eyes . . Dictyopuaka,
e-. Head broadly and deeply sulcata ^p. 241.
between two strong convex ridges
situate at inner margins of eyes. . Pltala, p. 240.
(r. Anterior femora with a distinct blunt
spine near apex.
(P. Head with a long, slender, cepjialic
proce.ss Miasa, p. 247.
fP. Head not produced in a cephalic
process Udugama, p. 249.
r'. Anterior femora with a minute acute
spine near apex,
f/'. Head with a short anterior recurved
process ; lateral ridges to mesonotum
not forked Centkomeuia,
d'. Head without anterior recurved pro- [p. 200.
cess ; lateral ridges to mesonotum
forked Dutyophauina,
B. Posterior tibite with a single spine ; pro- and [p. 2-")2.
mesonota profoundly longitudinally sulcate. . Symplana, p. 2r)4,
Genus DICHOPTEEA.
Dichoptera, Spin. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1839, p. 286 ; Stdl, Hem. Afr.
iv, p. 149 (1866) ; Atki/is. J. A. S. Bencj. Iv, p. 23 (1866).
Type, B. Injalinata, Fabr.
JJistribution. Oriental, Malayan, and Australian liegions.
Head (including eyes) only about halt' the width of the pronotum,
more or less elongate, sometimes with a distinct cephalic process,
vertex subquadrate, its lateral margins sinuate, its anterior margin
238 FULGOMD.i:.
sometimes lobate, eyes oblique ; pronotuin narrower than meso-
notum, subangularly produced anteriorly, centrally longitudinally
ridged, the lateral edges acute, slightly recurved, the posterior
angles obtusely angulai'ly produced ; mesonotum with three
discal longitudinal ridges ; abdomen about as long as space
between apices of vertex and mesonotal posterior angle ; ]30sterior
tibiae with six or seven spines ; face long, ovate, narrowed towards
clypeus and with a centi'al longitudinal ridge, gense posteriorly
very broad ; rostrum long, considerably passing ])osterior coxa? ;
tegmina and wings considerably longer than abdomen, the tirst
about one-third longer than the second ; teguiina with numerous
transverse veins on about apical tliii'd, clavus Avith a single
transverse vein between the intei'ior vein and the claval suture ;
some transverse veins on apical area, the anal area never
reticulate.
A. Vertex' of head Jciu/er than hvoad.
a. Vertex of head ceiitrallii lohately produced, its anterior awjles
suhlohatelil rounded.
b. Front of head a little and obliqueh/ upivardli/ produced,
its apex ohtuschj awjutate.
17G9. Dichoptera hyalinata, Fabr. (Fulgora) Spec. Ins. ii, p. 31.)
(1781) ; Oliv. Enc. Meth. vi, p. 572 (1791) ; Don. Ins. Ind. t. vii,
f. .3 (1800); Germ. (Flata) May. Ent. iii, p. 190 (1818);
Burm. (Pseudophana) Handh. Erit. ii (1) p. 160 (1834) : Spin.
(Dichoptera) Anii. Sac. Ent. Fr. 1839, p. 289, t. xiii, f. 3; Atkins.
J. A. S. Beng. Iv, p. 23 (1880).
Body and legs pale brownish-ochraceous, head and thorax above
and beneath with numerous bhick punctures, especially prominent
on disk of mesonotum and
under surface of head ;
edges and ridges to head
and lateral edges to pro-
notura black ; anterior
longitudinal lines to vertex
of head, basal elongate
spots to mesonotum, cen-
tral and apical aunulations
to tibice (obscure on pos-
-Bk-hoptcra hyalinata. terior tibiiB), rostrum at
apex and with ap(3X of pen-
ultimate joint piceous ; tegmina hyaline, venation fuscous irrorated
with ochraceous, and with a piceous transverse fascia at apices of
ulnar veins ; wings hyaline, with an apical piceous spot. In some
specimens the abdomen is marked with a double discal segmental
series of black spots, as in fig. 103 ; in other specimens these are
absent.
Length excl. tegm. 19 to 20 ; exp. tegm. 50 millim.
Hah. Bengal. Bombay (Leith). Bangalore and Calcutta (Ind.
Mus.). Ceylon; Tangalla (Green). Andaman Islds. (Coll. Dist.).
DICHOPTERA. 239
a'. Vertex of head ceatrally lohately produced, its anterior angles
suhquadrangulate.
b'. Front of head strongly almost j^ei'^^endieidarly produced,
its aj^ex obtuseh/ angidate.
1770. Dichoptera hampsoni, Bist. Tr. E. S. 1892, p. 278.
Dicboptera hvaliuata, var. hanipsoui, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon,
p. 19, t. i, f. 1 (1903).
Body and legs dull ochraceous ; edges and ridges of head and
pronotum and longitudinal lines to vertex of head black ; pro-
notum sometimes with strong discal black saffasions, in other
specimens these are absent ; mesonotum with the discal area
strongly blackly punctate posteriorly, with two large pale spots
with black centres, some large black spots on its lateral areas aud
small ones on its anterior margin ; abdomen above with a double
series of large segmental black spots ; head beneath with I'idges
and edges and a central line to face and clypeus black ; anterior
and intermediate tibiae with three black annulations; tegmina
hyaline, the venation fuscous irroratetl with ochraceous, transverse
fascia at end of ulnar areas less defined than in D. hyalinata, but
with numerous fuscous mottlings on apical third, and with a basal
and two discal spots on basal two-thirds, and distinct fuscous
spots on costal area ; wings hyaline, their apical margins fuscous.
Length excl. tegm. 20 ; exp. tegm. 53 millim.
Hah. Xilgiri Hills, ISouthern Slopes (Hampson). Ceylon ;
Kandy (Green).
B. Vertex of head as broad as long.
a'. Vertex of head centrally subquadrangularly produced, its
anterior angles obtusely angulate, its lateral margins very
strongly sinuate.
b'. Front of head moderately apivardly produced, its apex obliquely
truncate.
1771. Dichoptera nubila, Dist. Tr. E. S. 1892, p. 277.
Body and legs bright brownish-ochraceous ; head with the
edges, ridges, a waved longitudinal spot in front of eyes, truncate
apex of cephalic process, two central convex longitudinal lines to
vertex, and a small spot near each anterior angle to same black ;
pronotum with the lateral edges, central ridge, and some irregular
discal fasciate markings black ; mesonotum with the ridges, a
large central somewhat hourglass-shaped fascia, and an outwardly
quadrangular-shaped fascia on each lateral area black ; abdomen
above with a double central series of large segmental spots aud a
broken macular lateral marginal fascia on each side black ; body
beneath and legs much mottled with black, and tibiae witli two broad
black annulations ; rostrum at apex aud also apex of penultimate
joint black ; tegmina obscure hyaline, venation fuscous irrorated
240
FULGOKID.^.
with oc-hraceoiis, a narrow waved transverse fuscous fascia at apices
of ulnar areas, apical third much mottled with fuscous, especiallv
beueath costal margin a little before apex, costal area alternately
fuscous and ochraceous, and with t\vo or three pale fuscous spots
at about one-third from base : wings obscure hjaliue, venation
fuscous, the apical mai'gins fuscous.
Length excl. tegm. 17 to 18 ; exp. tegm. 48 to 49 millim.
Hah. Assam ; Margherita {Doherty). Burma ; Ruby Mines
(Dohert)/). — Borneo.
Genus PIBROCHA.
Pibrocha, Kirk. J. Nat. Hist. Soc. JJomb. xiv. p. 50 (1902) : MelicJi.
Horn. Faun. Ceijlon, p. 20 (1903).
Type, P. egregia, Kirby.
Distribution. Ceylou.
Head long, porrect, about as long as abdomen and inesouotum
together, moderately stout and tricarinate above for about one-third
its length, then suddenly narro\\ed and sulcate above to near apex,
^^hich is broadened and clavate ; face with four longitudinal
carinations, two on each side and meeting anteriorly ; rostrum
passing posterior coxce ; ocelli distinct ; pro- and mesonota
longitudinally tricarinate, the first shorter than the second ;
legs slender, tibiae longer than femora, posterior tibiae with three
or four spines ; tegmina extending considerably beyond the
abdomen, the apical third A\"ith ti-ansverse veins ; clavus with a
single transverse Aein between the claval suture and the interior
vein, which from that point is bent down and terminates on the
posterior vein ; wings about one-third shorter than tegmina,
apical area with a feA\ transverse veins.
1772. Pibrocha egregia, Kirbi/ (Dictvophora), /. Linn. Soc, Zool.
xxiv, p. 135, t, V, f. 4 (1891) ; Xirk. (Pibrocha) J. Nat. Hid.
Soc. Bomb, xiv, p. 51, t. B, f. 2 (1902) ; Melich. Horn. Faun.
Ceylon, p. 21, t. i, f. 4, a, h (1903).
Dull brownish-ochraceous speckled with black; posterior angle
of mesonotum pale greeu : abdomen with pale ochraceous
suffusions ; body beneath paler
than above ; femora annul ated with
fuscous ; tegmina and wings hyaline
with a pale fuscous tint, the vena-
tion dark fuscous ; tegmina with
two shining fuscous spots, one
stigniatical, the other apical ; wings
with an apical dark fuscous spot.
Length ceph. process, angle from
apex to eyes 7| ; eyes to apex
abdom. 12; exp. tegm. 28 to 30
millim.
Fig. lUi.
Pihrochu c<irciji<i.
Hah. Ceylon ; Pundaluoya, Kandy {Green 4' LevAs).
241
Genus ALUNTIA.
Aluutia, Sm, Hem. Afr. iv, pp. 151 & 160 (1866).
Dendrophora, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 21 (1903).
Type, A. schimperii, Guer., an Ethiopian species.
Distribution. Ethiopian, Oriental, and Australasian Regions.
Body oblong ; head longly produced, slender, more or less
longitudinally, broadly sulcafce above and beneath, obsoletely
medially carinate beneath from behind eyes and through clypeus ;
pronotum and mesonotum discally finely tricarinate ; second joint
of antennae oblong, subcylindrical ; rostrum extending to between
the intermediate and posterior coxaB ; legs slender, posterior tibiae
much longer than femora and with about three short spines
on their posterior halves ; tegmiua moderately long, their apices
distinctly ampliated, thickly covered with transverse veins, and for
about basal two-thirds thickly interspersed with short veinlets ;
clavus without a transverse vein, but the claval veins united
before middle ; wings transversely veined on apical area.
1773. Aluntia ramosa, Melich. (Dendrophora) Horn. Faun. Ceylon,
p. -J-J, t. i, f. .5 (1903).
Body pale virescent in fresh specimens, in old or dried
examples pale ochraceous : tegmina very palely virescent, the
venation darker; wings a little paler than tegmina; head about
as longas,ora little longer than,
pro- and mesonota together ;
pronotum with the lateral
edges acute, medially finelj'
tricarinate, the posterior angles
obsoletely subacute ; meso-
notum longer than pronotum
and medially tricarinate.
Length ceph. process, angle
from apex to eyes 4 ; eyes to
apex abdom. 10| ; exp. tegm.
21 to 28 millim.
Hab. Ceylon ; Kaudy (Green).— Malay Peninsula (Distant c^'-
Doliertt/).
Genus DICTYOPHARA.
Dictyophara, Germ. Silb. Rev. Ent. i. p. 175 (1833) ; St&l, Hem.
Afr. iv. p. 154 (1866) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. Iv, p. 26 (1886) ;
Dist. Biol. Centr.-Am., Rhynch. Horn. i. p. 39 (1887).
Dictiophora, Spin. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1839, p. 290.
Pseudophana, Buryn. Handb. Ent. ii, 1, p. 159 (18.36).
Chanithus, Amy. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1847, p. 160.
Nersia, Stal, Rio Jan. Hem. ii, p. 62 (1861).
Type, D. europcea, Linn., a Palaearctic species.
Distribution. Apparently almost universal.
VOL. III. E
Fis. 105.— Altait
la ramosa.
242 FULGORID^.
Body obloDg or oval, somewhat depressed ; head variable in
size and form, usually porrectly longly produced, the cephalic
process straight or recurved, vertex and face frequently cari-
nate ; clypeus centrally longitudinally carinate ; second joint of
antennae small, subglobose ; rostrum long ; pronotum frequently
broadly emarginate at base, slightly anteriorly sinuate behind the
eyes, longitudinally carinate, the carinatious varying from one to
three ; mesonotum frequently tricarinate ; tegmina extending
beyond the apex of the abdomen, apical area or sometimes nearly
apical half with transverse veins, clavus without a transverse
vein ; wings with a few apical transverse veins ; legs moderately
long and slender, femora shorter than tibiae, posterior tibiae armed
with from four to six spines.
A. Posterior tibice with Jive sjnnes.
1774. Dictyophara nigrimacula, Walk. (Dictyophora) List Horn.
ii, p. 318 (1851); Atkins. ^Dictyophara*?) J. A. S. Bemj. Iv,
p. 28 (1886).
Head bright testaceous, the longitudinal ridges green, the
lateral areas and apex piceous, beneath with a central green
longitudinal carination ; pronotum testaceous, the margins and
three central cariuae green ; mesouotum testaceous, with a
transverse piceous spot near each lateral angle of anterior margin,
three longitudinal carinae and a small spot on each lateral margin
green ; abdomen above ochraceous, much spotted with black, the
spots quadrangular, and the most distinct being a double discal
series, one on each lateral area, and a narrower marginal series ;
clypeus, sternum, and legs ochraceous ; apical area of clypeus,
disk of sternum, and longitudinal lines to legs black ; abdomen
beneath black, lateral margins (broadly), segmental margins
(narrowly), and base of anal segment ochraceous ; tegmina
vitreous, the venation fuscous, especially that in apical area,
stigma fuscous ; wings viti-eous, the venation fuscous ; head
shorter than abdomen excluding base, broadly longitudinally
sulcate above, beneath, and on lateral areas; rostrum reaching the
posterior coxae ; posterior tibiae with five spines ; tegmina and
wings transversely veined on about basal thirds.
Length ceph. process, angle from apex to eyes 3| ; eyes to apex
abdom. 8; exp. tegm. 20 millim.
Eah. " North India " ( Warwick, Brit. Mus.).
1775. Dictyophara nilgiriensis, sp. n.
Pale tawny-brown ; eyes fuscous-brown ; legs longitudinally
striped with piceous ; pronotum with the margins and three
central longitudinal carinae flavescent ; mesonotum with a trans-
verse piceous spot near each lateral angle of anterior margin, and
with three central longitudinal carinae, a small spot on each
lateral margin, and the posterior angle flavescent ; apex of
DICTYOPUAKA. 243
clypeus, linear stripes to rostrum, and apical spots to abdomen
beneath piceous ; tegmina and wiugs vitreous, tbe venation
fuscous ; tegmina with the stigma fuscous-brown ; head robust,
about as long as abdomen, the disk, lateral areas, and under
surface broadly longitudinally sulcate, the ridges very prominent
and six in number, the lateral ridges and those of the under
surface being close together, above with a short central carination
between eyes, and beneath with a central longitudinal carina
which is continued through clypeus ; apex of cephalic process or
face with a central ridge subacutely rounded above ; tegmina and
wings with transverse veins on about their apical thirds ; posterior
tibiae with five spines.
Length ceph. process, angle from apex to eyes 4| ; eyes to apex
abdom. 9 ; exp. tegm. 22 to 24 millim.
Hah. Sikhim {Brit. Mus.). Utakamand {Atkinson Coll.. Brit.
Mus.). Nilgiri Hills {Hampson). Kangra Valley {Dudgeon).
Tenasserim : Myitta {Doherty).
In some (probably fresh) specimens the colour is more virescent
than tawny-brown, the thorax above reddish-ochraceous, with the
carina bright olivaceous-green ; the abdomen above is also some-
times quadraugularly palely tessellate.
B. Posterior tibice tvith four spines.
a. Tegmina without dark fascial.
1776. Dictyophara pallida, Bon. (Fulgora) Ins. Ind. t. viii, f. 2
(ISOO); Westw. (Pseudaphana) Tr. Linn. Soc. xviii, p. 150
(1841) ; Atkins. (Dictyophara) J. A. S. Bemj. Iv, p. 27 (1886).
Plata lyrata, Germ. Thoris Arch, ii, 2, p. 47 (1830) ; Burm.
(Pseudopbana) Handh. Ent. ii, p. 160 (1835).
Fulffora graminea, Fabr. Syst. Rhyny. p. 4 (1803) ; Atkins.
(Dictyophara) /. A. S. Beny. Iv, p. 27 (1886).
Dictyophora despecta, Walk. List Ho')n.ii,\>.-M4:{l%K>\) ; Atkins.
(Dictyophara) J. A. S. Beny. Iv, p. 27 (188G).
Dictyophora albivitta, Walk. List Horn, ii, p. 319 (1851) ; Atkins.
(Dictyophara?) J. A. S. Beny. Iv, p. 29 (1886) ; Melich. Horn.
Faun. Ceylon, p. 22 (1903).
Dictvopliora leptorhina, Walk. List Horn, ii, p. 321 (1851)
Atkins. (Dictyophara) J. A. S. Beny. Iv, p. 30 (1886).
Dictyophara percarinata, Kirby, J. Linn. Soc., Zool. xxiv, p. 13
(1891) ; Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 24 (1903).
Dictyophara liastata, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 25 (1903).
This is a closely aUied species in colour and markings to D.
nilgiritnsis, Dist., but smaller, the cephalic process shorter, and
the posterior tibiae with only four spines. It is subject to the
.same amount of colour-variation, dependent on the specimens beiug
fresh or otherwise, as described in I), nilgiriensis.
Length ceph. process, angle from apex to eyes 3 to 3| ; eyes to
apex abdom. Ik ; exp. tegm. 22 to 22| millim.
Hah. 8ikhim ; Mungphu {Atkinson Coll., Brit. Mus.). N.
Bengal {Miss Campbell). Bombay {Leith). Nilgiri Hills {Harap-
son). Calcutta {Ind. Mus.). Ceylon {Green). Burma ; Thavetmyo
r2
244 fulgoeidjE.
(Bingham). Bharao {Feci). Teuasserim ; Myitta {DoJiertij). —
S.E. Borneo (Dohertif).
Has been reported (' Indian Mus, Notes,' v, p. 43, 1900) as
destructive to sugar-cane in tlie^North Arcot district, fSouth India.
" These insects are seen to perch on the under side of the cane
leaf, avoiding sun, and on shaded leaves. They are good
springers. The bug is soft-bodied, and is very easily killed by
slight handling. These are known to the ryots only since ten
years. The cane crop when infested gets stunted and damaged.
These appear when cane is six to nine months old. No remedy
is known to the ryots. They collectively go by the name of
Cheeda pnrugii. In Coimbatore the bug is kno^vn as Tliatlioo-
poocJii and the winged insect as Thaloocu2}Oochi."
Melichar, in his description of B. percarincUa, describes the
posterior tibiae as " mit 5 kleinen Zahnchen," but in Kirby's type
of the species, and in all the specimens from Ceylon w-hich I have
examined, the spines are only four in number.
I cannot escape from the conclusion that the species described
by Eabricius as graminea is only a pale virescent form of this
species, in which the stigma of the tegmina is only obsoletely
infuscate. There is a specimen from Calcutta in the British
Museum which exactly corresponds with the description.
1777. Dictyophara sauropsis, Walk, (Dictyophora) Joum. Ent. i,
p. 30(3 (18112) ; Atkins. (Dictyophara) J. A. S. Bemj. Iv, p. 30
(1886).
Allied to B. ixdlida, Don., in colour and markings, but with
the cephalic process shorter, sternum and abdomen beneath more
or less piceous ; femora more or less annulated with piceous near
apices ; posterior tibiae with four spines ; tegmina with the
venation and stigma fuscous.
Length ceph. process, angle from apex to eyes 2 ; eyes to apex
abdom. 7 ; exp. regm. 20 millim.
Hah. Bengal; Dacca.— S.E. Borneo {Brit. Mus.).
1778. Dictyophara walkeri, Atkins. J. A. S. Bemj. Iv, p. 29 (1886).
Dictyophora pallida, Walk, {nee Don.) List Horn, ii, p. 320
(1851).
Body and legs pale ochraceous, apical half of abdomen above
virescent ; ridges and a central carina to cephalic process beneath,
and three central carinse to pro- and mesonata, green ; eyes and
apex to cephalic process piceous ; tegmina and wings pale creamy
hyaline, the venation on apical areas of both, and the stigma of
tegmina, very pale fuscous ; cephalic process robust, upper and
under surface and lateral areas broadly sulcate ; rostrum reaching
the posterior coxte ; posterior tibi.'e with four spines.
Length ceph. jn-ocess, angle from apex to eyes 2 ; eyes to apex
abdom. 5| ; exp. tegm. 15 millim.
Hah. "'N. India " {Brit. Mus.).
DKTYOrilAUA,
245
b. Tegmina with longitudinal fuscous fascice.
1779.' Dictyopliara lineata, Don. (Fulgora) Ins. Ind. t. viii, f. 1 (1800) ;
TVestw. Ti: Linn. Soc. xviii, p. 147 (1841) ; Atkitis. (Dictyo-
pliara) J. A. 6'. Ben;/. Iv, p. 26 (1886).
Fulgora pallida, Grai/, Griff. An. King., Ins. W, p. 260, t. xc, f. 2
(1832).
Var. bistriata, Melicli. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 23 (1903).
Body and legs ocbraceous ; head with the longitudinal ridges
either fuscous or spotted with that colour, its extreme apex
piceous, the ridges between the eyes green ; thorax above rather
reddisb-ocln-aceous ; pronotuin with the margins and three
longitudinal carinas (the two outer-
most oblique) green; mesonotum with
three longitudinal green cariuse ; head
beneath with a central green carina
extending for more than half its
lenp;th from base, and its lateral
margins to a little beyond eyes of the
same colour ; a large basal spot to
clypeus, lateral areas of meso- and
metasterna, and lateral margins to
abdomen beneath black ; legs and
rostrum finely spotted with black ; apex of rostrum black and
about reaching posterior coxae ; tegmina and wings pale creamy
hyaline ; tegmina with two longitudinal fuscous fascise commencing
at a short distance from base, the uppermost submarginal and
extending to apex, where it is broadest, the second on inner
margin widening towards apex, the apices of both fasciae usually
united ; the cephalic process is shorter than the abdomen, broadly
sulcate above, beneath, and on lateral areas ; posterior tibia? with
four spines.
Length ceph. process, angle from apex to eyes 3 ; eyes to apex
abdom. 6; exp. tegm. 19 millim.
IJah. North Bengal and Mian-Mir {Brit. Mus.). Assam;
Sibsagar {Ind. Mus.). Bombay (Leith). Ceylon (Green).
The var. bistriata, Melich., seems to differ only by the shorter
upper fascia to the tegmina. In his description of the posterior
tibiae, Melichar writes " mit 3 Dornen," but there is a fourth
basal spine.
Fig. lUCi.
Blctgophara. lineata.
Atkinson (J. A. S. Beng. Iv, p. 27, 1886) has included the D.
sinica. Walk., in his enumeration of the Indian species of
Bictgophara. This he has done on what he acknowledges to be a
doubtful locality, " Assam?" All the specimens I have seen are
from China, and the species itself may ultimately prove to be but
a local race of D. pallida, Don.
246 FULGORID.E.
Genus PUTALA.
Putala, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 26 (1903).
Type, P. rostrata, Melich.
DislrihutiotK Oriental and Ethiopian Regions.
Head produced in a distinctly elongate somewhat slender
process, longitudinally salcate above and at lateral areas, broadly
and strongly sulcate between eyes, where there are two
strongly convex ridges, one at inner margin of each eye, and
between them a faint central carination ; face long, gradually
broadened towards apex, with a central and lateral carination ;
clypeus with a central ridge, its lateral margins strongly carinate ;
pronotum anteriorly medially angularly produced, its anterior
angles subacute, centrally strongly ridged, its posterior margin
moderately concave ; mesouotum not carinate or tricarinate ;
abdomen short ; rostrum long, extending to basal area of abdomen ;
legs moderately long and slender, the femora and tibia? longitu-
dinally grooved ; posterior tibite with five spines ; tegmina apically
rounded, claviis without a transverse vein ; stigma broad with
five veins, apical third with transverse veins ; wings with a few
transverse veins at apes,
a, Mesonotum non-carinate.
1780. Putala rostrata, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 26, t. i, f. 8,
a,b (1903).
Head lengthened and conically produced before eyes, the
projection as long as the pronotum and half of mesonotum
together, a brown longitudinal stripe runs from eyes to its apex ;
face smooth at base and rather impressed at apex, with a
central longitudinal ridge ; clypeus rather long and narrow,
ridged medially and marginally, and like face brownish-yellow,
its apex dark brown ; eyes brown ; antenna; short ; ocelli present ;
pronotum medially ridged, two long longitudinal keels on each
side behind eyes, yellowish-white «ith small brown dots on each
side, the vertex brown ; mesonotum longer than broad, arched,
without keels, brown with three longitudinal stripes on front
margin which are abbreviated posteriorly, its posterior angle
rusty yellow; tegmina long, narrow, and rounded posteriorly,
traversed by brown and slightly bronzed veins, several irregularly
divided transverse veins in apical area ; stigma large and brown,
with three or four transverse veins ; abdomen yellowish-brown,
the posterior segmental margins pale, two longitudinal central
maculate fasciae, and a smaller and more indistinct lateral maculate
fascia on each side ; abdomen beneath brown, the segmental
margins paler; legs brownish-yellow; femora black, linearly streaked
with black or brown ; posterior tibiae with five spines.
2 . Length 11 ; ex p. tegm. 17 millim.
Hob. Ceylon (Jldc Melicliar).
MIASA.
247
I have not seen this species, which is, however, figui'ed by
MeKchar, and I have transcribed what appears to be the salient
points of his description.
b. Mesonotum tricarinate.
1781. Putala maculata, sp. n.
Head and thorax above brownish-oehraceous, apex and a lateral
line on each side of cephalic process piceous ; all the ridges to
head, pro- and mesonota, and the posterior angle of the last a
little paler ; abdomen above dark castaneous-brown, the posterior
segmental margins and lateral linear spots ochraceous ; disk of
sternum and the abdomen beneath piceous; face, base of clypeus,
sternal lateral areas, coxae, trochanters, legs, and posterior
Fig. 107. — Putala. viae, data.
abdominal segmental margins ochraceous ; legs with longitudinal
piceous lines ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the venation fuscous ;
tegmina with the stigma and scattered apical maculate markings
piceous ; cephalic process a little upwardly directed ; posterior
tibiae profoundly sulcate and armed with five spines.
Length excl. tegm. 8 ; exp. tegm. 21 millim.
Hah. Nilgiri Hills (Hampson). Utakamand (Athins. Coll.,
Brit. Mus.).
Genus MIASA, nov.
Type, M. smarar/dilmea, Walk.
Distributioyi. Oriental and Malayan Eegions.
Body elongate ; head strongly produced in front, thick and
subglobose to a little beyond eyes, then suddenly narrowed into
a long straight linear process, which is medially sulcate above
and beneath ; face elongate, moderately convexly widened
apically, its lateral margins carinate and with a strong central
longitudinal ridge ; rostrum long, about reaching the iniddle of
abdomen; pronotum with the lateral margins moderately laminate,
their anterior angles rounded, base very strongly angularly sinuate,
the anterior margin centrally angularly produced and medially
longitudinally carinate ; mesonotum very obsoletely carinate ; legs
long and slender ; posterior femora very short, only about half
the length of the posterior tibiae, Avhich possess about five prominent
248
rULGOEID.i:.
spines ; anterior femora with a distinct blunt spine near apex :
tegmina long, narrow, much longer than body, about apical third
with transverse veins, clavus without a transverse vein, inner
claval vein very short and terminating a little beyond base ;
wings about one-third shorter thau tegmina, with a few transverse
veins on apical area.
This genus is allied to Dictyopliai-oides, Fowl. (Biol. Centr.-Am.,
Rhynch. Horn, i, p. 44, 1900), from which it may be at once
sejjarated by the non-serrate anterior femora, a character omitted
in Fowler's diagnosis ; it is also allied to the Ethiopian genus
Simotettix, Stal, but differs by the non-dilated anterior legs.
1782, Miasa smaragdilinea, Walk. (Elidlptera) J. Linn. Soc, Zool. i.
p. 86 (1857) ; id. (Dictyiophora) List Horn. Suppl. p. 318 (1858).
Ferruginous- brown ; head with cephalic process black above,
green beneath and on lateral areas, margins of vertex green ;
face green with the central ridge testaceous ; clyeus black, with
a broad ochraceous transverse fascia near its base and with two
small central spots of the same colour ; anterior marginal area
and posterior lateral angles of pronotum, a broad central fascia
to mesonotum, and central and lateral fasciae to abdomen above
pale green or ochraceous ; body beneath black ; lateral areas of
sternum and legs ochraceous ; anterior tibiae with a prominent
subapical creamy-white annulation ; posterior margins of sternal
Fig. lOS. — 3Iiasa smaragdiliiiea.
segments, metanotum, and posterior abdominal segmental margins
stramineous ; coxae and trochanters black ; tegmina and wings
hyaline, the venation ochraceous or fuscous ; tegmina with the
posterior margin broadly dull ochraceous, the stigma and an
oblique apical streak fuscous ; wings with an apical fuscous
spot ; cephalic process as long as remainder of head and pronotum
together.
UDUGAMA. 249
Length ceph. process, Jingle from eyes to apex 2^ • eyes to apex
abdom. 9 ; exp. tegm. 27 millim.
Hab. Tenasserim ; Myitta (Doherty).— 'Malacca, ; Mt. Ophir
{Wallace, Brit. Mus.).
Geuus UDUGAMA.
Anaguia, Sfal, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxii, p. 149 (1861) ; id. Heni.Afr. iv,
pp. 151 k 159 (1806); Atkins. J. A. S. Bencj. Iv, p. 24 (1886),
nom prfeocc.
Udugama, Melich. Horn. Fa\in. Ceylon, p. 27 (1903).
Kareol, Kirk. Entomolor/ist, 1904, p. 279.
Type, U. splendens, Germ.
Distrihution. Oriental and Malayan Eegious.
Head prominent before the eyes, where it is broad and centrally
and laterally carinate; face elongate, tricarnate; clypeus marginate,
centrally carinate ; pronotum short, centrally carinate, anteriorly
obtusely prominent at base of head, and then sinuate to anterior
angles, which are subacute, posteriorly angularly emargiuate ;
mesonotum tricarinate ; legs long and slender ; anterior femora a
little dilated beneath and with a distinct blunt spine near apex ;
posteinor tibiae with seven spines, one of them at extreme base ;
rostrum long, passing posterior coxae ; tegmina much longer than
abdomen, about apical third, with transverse veins, the veins
considerably bifurcate on apical margin, and a few small transverse
veins on apical area.
Melichar has redescribed Stal's genus Anagnia under the name
of Udugama. As, however, the name Anagnla is preoccupied
(Walker, 1854), Melichar's is available, and Kirkaldy's proposed
new name unnecessary.
1783. Udugama splendens. Germ. (Flata) Thons Arch, ii, 2, p. 48
(18-'jO); Westw. (Pseudaphana) Tr. Linn. Soc. xviii. p. 151
(1841); St&l (Anagnia), Stett. ent. Zeit. xxii, p. 149 (1861);
Atkins. J. A. S. Beng, Iv, p. 25 (1886).
Udugama exoleta, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 28, t. i, f. 7,
a,h (903).
Above browiiish-ochraceous, the head and sometimes pronotum
a little paler ; mesonotum casta-
neous-brown with the carinations
flavescent ; abdomen above with
broad central and lateral macular
castaneous fasciae, becoming fused
towards apex ; face ochraceous,
with lateral longitudinal series of
small fuscous spots ; clypeus
ochraceous, its apex castaneous ;
Fig. 109.— Udiu/ama splend.cns. body beneath and legs ochraceous ;
sternal spots, basal two-thirds of
abdomen, mottlings to femora, bases to tibiae, and spines to
posterior tibias castaneous ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the
250 FDLGORID^.
venation fuscous ; tegmina with a large stigmatic spot, the apical
margin more or less continued on apex of inner margin, and a
claval streak fuscous ; wiugs with a small fuscous apical streak ;
rostrum just passing posterior coxae ; posterior tibiae with seven
spines, the basal one very short.
Length excl. tegm. 7 to 9^ ; exp. tegm. 20 to 25 millim.
Hah. Bombay. Ceylon ; Kandy {Green). Burma ; Bhamo
{Fea). — Java. Philippines.
Genus CENTROMERIA.
Centromeria, Stdl, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1870, p. 745 ; Atkins.
J. A. 8. Beng. Iv, p". 25 (1886).
Type, G. longipennis, "Walk., from the Philippines.
Distribution. Oriental, Malayan, and Ethiopian Regions.
Body somewhat elongate ; head moderately and upwardly
produced in front of eyes, its apex gradually narrowed, vertex
acuminate before the eyes ; face elongate, tricarinate, the median
ridge very strongly produced, the lateral ridge on each side some-
what obsoletely developed from behind eyes, and between this
and the carinate margin a very distinct longitudinal groove ;
clypeus centrally carinate ; pronotum short, with a single central
carination, posteriorly broadly angularly sinuate ; mesonotum
tricarinate ; tegmina longer than the body, gradually widened
towards apex, about apical third with numerous transverse veins,
veins of the clavus united beyond middle, interior ulnar vein
bifurcate at about same distance from base, radial vein bifurcate a
little beyond middle of tegraen ; stigma elongate or oblong, with
oblique veins ; wings with transverse veins on apical area ; legs
long and slender, anterior femora with a minute acute spine near
apex ; rostrum long, passing posterior coxse ; posterior tibiae long
and spined.
A. Tegmina and luings Jii/aline, wiiJwut fascice or spots.
a. Head ivith a distinct cephalic process.
a. Cephalic process about as long in front of eyes as length from
anterior margins of eyes to base of head.
1784. Centromeria speilinea. Walk. (D\cUo^\\o\:?i) J. Linn. Soc, Zool.
I, p. 84 (185U) ; Atkins. (Centromeria) J. A. S. Beny. Iv, p. 25
(1886).
Head above and pronotum reddish-ochraceous ; head with the
marginal ridges to vertex and a central line to cephalic projection
green ; a submarginal lateral fascia aud central ridge to pronotum
green ; mesonotum pale reddish-ochraceous, with the anterior
lateral margins, the posterior angle, aud the three longitudinal
CENTKOMERIA.
251
ridges green ; abdomen green, its apex greenish-ochraceous ; face
green, the central ridge purplish ; body beneath and legs pale green
or greenish-ochraceous ; apices of the femora, apices of anterior
tibia?, the anterior tarsi, and apex of rostrum black or piceous ;
tegmina and wings hyaline,
the venation brownish-
olivaceous ; tegmina with
the stigma fuscous ; cephalic
process recurved, ascending,
about as long as vertex,
its apex subacute ; rostrum
about reaching the apex of
the second abdominal seg-
ment; posterior tibiae with
Fig. WO. -- Cent romena .^peiUiwa, six spines, of which the three
on basal half are smallest.
Length excl. tegm. 11 ; exp. tegm. 28 to 29 1 millim.
Bab. Tenasserim ; Myitta (Doherti/). — Malay Peninsula ; S.E.
Borneo.
h. Cephalic process longer in front of eyes than length from
anterior margins of eyes to base of head.
1785. Centromeria cephalica, sp. n.
Body and legs ochraceous, in fresh specimens probably green ;
tegmina and wings with the venation dull ochraceous ; tegmina
with the stigma very pale ochraceous ; head prominently produced
in front and a little upwardly recurved, the marginal ridges very
prominent and with a central carination which extends only a
short distance from base ; longer in front of eyes than from
anterior margins of eyes to base ; anterior femora practically
without a discernible spine at apex ; posterior tibiae with five
spines, the basal spine small.
Length excl. tegm. 9 ; exp. tegm. 23 millim.
Hab. Nilgiri Hills (Hnmpson).
b. Head more or less truncate in front, tvii.hout a cephalic proci^ss.
1786. Centromeria viridistigma, Kirhy (Dictyophora), /. Linn. Soc,
Zoo/, xxiv, p. 135 (1891); Melich. (Dictyophara) Horn. Faun.
Ceylon, p. 23 (1903).
Head above green, disk of vertex and apex purplish-red ; pro-
notum green, lateral margins and broad posterior marginal fasciae
(not meeting centrally) purplish-red ; mesonotum green, the
disk between the central carinae purplish-red ; abdomen above
green or in some specimens greenish-ochraceous ; face bright
green, the central ridge purplish-red ; body beneath greenish or
greenish-ochraceous ; lateral margins of stex'uum purplish-red;
legs testaceous, bases of femora more or less green ; tarsi piceous ;
252 FULGOEID^
tegmina and wings hyaline, the venation fuscous-brown ; tegmina
with the stigma greenish, the apical area very slightly infuscate ;
■head angularly produced, but with no distinct cephalic process ;
rostrum ])assing the posterior coxae; posterior tibiae with lour
spines and a minute basal tubercular projection; anterior femora
with a distinct spine near apex.
Length excl. tegm. 8 to 9 ; exp. tegni. 20 niillim.
Hah. Ceylon (Leivis); Peradeniya, Kandy {Green).
B. Tegmina and luings fasciate and maculate.
1787. Centromeria simulata, sp. n.
Head ochraceous, two small central spots on vertex, a central
longitudinal line to front, two transverse lines on each lateral area
before eyes, central longitudinal ridge and a transverse subapical
fascia to face castaneous ; clypeus castaneous ; prouotum casta-
neous-browu, with a broad central ochraceous fascia ; mesonotum
castaneous-brown, with the narrow central carination and the
posterior angle ochraceous ; body piceous, with a double series of
large discal and a series of smaller spots on each lateral margin
ochraceous ; body beneath dark castaneous-brown ; rostrum, coxae,
legs, and some maculate markings to abdomen ochraceous ; an
apical annulation to anterior femora, posterior femora (excluding
two apical ochraceous annulations), suffusions to tibiae, and apex to
rostrum dark castaneous-brown ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the
venation broun ; tegmina with the stigma, apical margin extending
to about outer fourth of posterior margin, and claval area fuscous-
brown ; wings with an irregular elongate fuscous-brown spot on
outer margin ; head with a distinct cephalic process upwardly
directed, and about as long as space between outer margins of
eyes ; rostrum about reaching ])osterior coxae ; vertex of head
foveate on each side of central ridge between eyes.
Length excl. tegm. 10 ; exp. tegm. ^1 millim.
Hah. Assam ; jVIargherita {Atlcinson Coll., Brit. Mus.).
The markings to the tegmina and wings of this species strongly
I'esemble those of Udugama splendens, Germ.
Genus DICTYOPHARINA.
Dictyopharjna, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 2o (1903).
Type, D. viridissima, Melich.
Distribution. Oriental Eegion *.
Head not produced in a cephalic process, a little longer than
breadth between eyes, rounded in front, carinate medially and
* This genus will probably be found to include a large number of species
hitherto treated as forming a section of Biciyopham, and in that case it will
also have a Neotropical and Ethiopian distribution.
DICTYOPHA.B1NA.
253
laterally ; face three or four times as lono^ as broad, with three
loDgitudinal ridges which converge towards the clypeus, the lateral
ridges unite anteriorly in a curve with the central one : prouotum
slightly arched in front, broadly concave posteriorly, medially
longitudinally ridged ; mesonotum w'ith three longitudinal cari-
nations, the lateral ridges somewhat angularly sinuately waved and
forked, the outer fork short and straight, the inner longer and
stronger ; tegnrina hyaline, in structure as in Dictyopliora, but
the costal margin a little more arched, three long veins in basal
area divided near middle, in apical third numerous transverse
veins ; stigma long, formed of six veins including the stigmatal
border ; posterior tibise with six or seven spines ; anterior femora
with a short acute spine near apex.
1788. Dictyopharina viridissima, MeUch. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 26
(1903).
Green in fresh specimens, ochraceous in discoloured ones ;
tegmina and wings hyaline with the venation green or ochraceous ;
head a little longer than breadfh between eyes, the vertex broad ;
Fig. 111. — Dictyopharina viridissima.
rostrum passing the posterior coxae ; tegmina with the apical
third strongly transversely veined.
Length excl. tegm. 8 to 11 ; exp. tegra. 24 to 30 millim.
Hah. Bombay {Brit. Mus.) ; JN^ilgiri Hills {Hampson). Ceylon
{Green).
1789. Dictyopharina consanguinea, .sp. n.
Allied to D. viridissima, Melich., in coloration, but differing by
the head, in which the vertex is much more elongate and the
latei'al ridges more sinuate ; the lateral third of the tegmina is
also very distinctly less transversely veined ; the posterior tibiae
are also less distinctly spined on their basal areas, where the
spines are so obsolete as to make them appear less in number than
in Melichar's species.
Length excl. tegm. 8 to 11 ; exp. tegm. 22 to 30 millim.
Hah. Burma ; Myingyan {Bingham, Brit, Mus.). Pegu {AtMn-
son Coll.). Tenasserim ; Myitta {Dolierty).
254 FULGOBID^.
Genus SYMPLANA.
Symplana, Kirby, J. Linv. Sac, ZooL xxiv, p. 136 (1891) ; Melich.
Mom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 19 (1903).
Type, S. viridinervis, Kirby.
Distribution. Ceylon.
Head and thorax above broadly and profoundly longitudinally
sulcate ; head produced in a somewhat upcurved cephalic process
before the eyes, sulcate above, the edges emarginate ; face long,
with a central and two lateral carinas, one on each side, the last
only extending to about middle from apex, and for this distance
the edges are also carinate, giving the appearance of five carinse as
described by Kirby ; legs of moderate length, posterior tibiae with
a single spine placed beyond middle ; tegmina long and slender,
not apically ampliated, with longitudinal simple veins, on about
apical fifth with transverse, oblique, and longitudinal veinlets ;
clavus without a transverse vein ; wings with about two trans-
verse veins near apex.
I have followed Kirby and Melichar in enumerating this
genus among the Dictyopharinci', but I do so with considerable
doubt and hesitation.
1790. Symplana viridinervis, Kirbi/, J. Linn. Soc, Zool. xxiv,
p. 130, t. vi, f. 11 (1891) ; Melich. Hoyn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 19
(1903).
Greenish in fresh specimens, ochraceous in older or cabinet
examples ; the central sulcation to the head and thorax above
sanguineous ; body beneath and legs a little paler in hue, apices of
the tarsi piceous ; tegmina sub-
hyaline, somewhat talc-like, the
venation ochraceous, the edge of
inner margin sanguineous, a
double series o^ transverse a^Rs
a little before apex, the outeruiost
straight, the inner series obliquely
angulate, beyond these transverse
Fig. \V2.— Symplana viridinervis. series the upper portion of the
apical area is obliquely and the
lower portion longitudinally veined ; wings a little paler and more
hyaline than the tegmina.
Length excl. tegm. 6 ; exp. tegra. 13 millim.
Hah. Ceylon ; Pundaluoya {Green).
Dictyopliara fuminervis, Leth. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. 1892, p. 208.
I ha\e failed to identify this species. The characters given of
" pronotum unicarinatum " and the posterior tibiae as " quinque-
spinosis " separate it from any species of Dictyopliara here
enumerated, and it may belong to another genus altogether.
cixiintE. 255
Subfamily IV. CIXIIN^.
Cixiida, Stdl, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 129 (1866).
Cixiina, Stal, Of v. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1870, p. 746 ; Athins. J.A.S. Beng.
Iv, p.31 (1886).
Cixiidas, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 30 (1903).
The characters of this subfamily have already been fully detailed
{ante, p. 176). It is principally distinguished from the Dictyo-
jpharinoi by the position of the ocelli, of which there are usually
three, and one of them placed on the apex of the face ; this facial
ocellus is stated by Stal to be very rarely wanting, and if wanting
the sides of the clypeus are convex and not carioate. From the
subfamilies which immediately follow it, it is to be at once dis-
tinguished by the length of the claval vein, which does not reach
the apex.
Synopsis of Genera.
A. Mesonotum with five longitudinal ridges .... Or^iARiTg, p. 256.
B. Mesonotum with three longitudinal ridges.
a. Face broad, longer than broad, more or less
convexly ampliated or broadened posteriorly,
centrally and laterally carinate.
a. Tegmina with the inner margin con-
tinuous, not widened at its apex.
a'. Tegmina with costal margin continuous,
not sinuate.
(i^. The three longitudinal veins to teg-
mina not united near middle of
tegiueu Cixius, p. 259.
b-. The three longitudinal veins to teg-
mina united near middle hy two
transverse veins.
n^. Vertex of head as long as broad, its
lateral margins raised and lami-
nate Anila, p. 260.
b^. Vertex of head broader than long,
its lateral margins ridged KuvEEA,p. 261.
b'. Tegmina with costal margin sinuate
near middle.
«". Two series of transverse veins to
tegmina Kirbyana, p. 262.
h~. Veins to tegmina longitudinal and
furcate Mxtndopa, p. 263.
b. Tegmina with the apical area at inner
margin more or less posteriorly produced.
a . Vertex of head with its anterior
margin truncate Ptoleria, p. 265.
b' . Vertex of head with its anterior
margin sinuate and the lateral
angles prominent Barma, p. 266.
256 rULGOlMJD-E.
b. Face broadened posteriorly, but anteriorly
straiglitly narrowed and produced beyond
eyes . . '. Chroneba, p. 267.
c. Face long, narrow, lateral margins strongly
carinate, narrowed towards clypeus Malandeva, J). 268,
d. Face long, narrow, lateral margins strongly
carinate, more or less narrowed and com-
pressed between eyes Brixia, p. 269.
Genus OLIARUS.
Oliarus, Stdl, Berl. ent. Zeitschv. vi, p. ^06 (1862) ; Hon. Afr. iv,
pp. 164 & 166 (1866) ; Atkt7is. J. A. S. Bnuj. Iv. p. 32 (l886) ;
Alelich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 30 (1903).
Triopsis (part.), 8ign. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1800, p. 187.
Type, 0. tvallceri, Stal.
Distribution. Ethiopian, Oriental, Malayan, and Eastei'n Palm-
are tic Eegious.
Head somewhat narrower than the tliorax, angularly einarginate
at the base, vertex concave, varying in length and breadth ; face and
clypeus together elliptical, with a distinct median longitudinal ridge
running through them ; the lateral margins rounded, slightly
dilated ; face with an apical ocellus ; margins of clypeus ridged ;
eves slightly or scarcely sinuated beneath ; antenna3 very short,
inserted beneath the eyes, first joint concealed, second small, some-
W'hat globose ; pronotum very short, postei'iorly deeply angularly
sinuate : mesonotum with live longitudinal ridges ; tegmina
rounded at apices, radial and exterior ulnar veins contiguous at
their bases, radial and anterior ulnar veins bifurcating before the
middle of the tegmen ; legs moderately long, posterior tibiae armed
with two or three spines.
A. Tegmina witJi the cellular areas ivithout minute setose fuscous spots.
1791. Oliarus walkeri, StSl (Cixius), Freg. Fug. Resa, Hem. p. 272
(1859) ; i(h (Oliarus) Berl. ent. Zeitschr. vi. p. 306 (1862) ; Atkins.
J. A. S. Beny.lv. p. 33 (1886).
Obscurely testaceous ; face and legs flavous-testaceous ; tegmina
pale vinaceous-hyaline, veins
concolorous, remotely punc-
tured with fuscous beyond
the middle, the five apical
transverse veins inf uscated ;
stigma pale testaceous -
yellow, in\^ardly narrowly
fuscous ; head flavous-tes-
Fig. m.-Olkn-Hs walkeri. taceous, vertex almost twice
as long as broad, with two
ridges running forward and converging from the middle ; face with
the oval clypeus narrowed at base and apex, a single forked ridge
OLIAEUS. 257
at the base itself ; thorax testaceous ; pronotum very short,
posteriorly angularly sinuate ; mesonotum with five longitudinal
ridges which are paler in colour, and of ^^■hich the lateral pair
soroewhat diverge towards the apex ; body beneath pale flavo-
testaceous ; sternum piceous.
Length excl. tegni. 4 ; exp. tegm. 12 milliin.
Hah. A. species recorded from the Malay Peninsula and the
Phihppine Islands, just entering our faunistic area on its south-
eastern frontier, I am indebted to Dr. Aurivillius for an oppor-
tunity of figuring it.
1792. Oliarus stigma, Motsch. (Cixius) Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscxxwi, 3,
p. 105 (1863); Melick. Horn. Faun. Cei/lon, p. 30 (1903).
Body above pale castaneous; ridges to head, pronotum, posterior
margin of mesonotum, and abdominal segmental margins pale
ochraceous ; body beneath brownish - ochraceous ; abdominal
segmental margins pale ochraceous, abdominal apex piceous ;
face (excluding margins and central ridge) castaneous ; legs
ochraceous ; tegmina creamy-hyaline, the veins fuscous, on about
basal half and near apex alternately broken with pale ochra-
ceous : stigma fuscous, ochraceous at base ; the tegmina are also
ornamented with some irregularly shaped fuscous spots, situate
two before middle and about six on apical area, and with a
posterior apical marginal fascia of the same colour, the marginal
edges of the tegmen also fuscous ; wings hyaline, the venation
and apical marginal edge fuscous ; medial ridge to face and clypeus
acute, forked at anterior margin of face; mesonotum with five
medial longitudinal carinate lines, those on each side of the central
one converging and not reaching the anterior margin ; posterior
tibiae with two or three very short spines before middle.
Length excl. tegm. 5i to 6 ; exp. tegm. 16 to 19 millim.
Ilab. Ceylon (Green). .:
1793. Oliarus tabrobanensis, Melich. Horn. Fatm. Ceulon, r». 31
(1903). ^
I only know this species by Melichar's description, of which the
following appear to be the salient points : — Tellowish-brown ; face
two and a half times as long as width between eyes, with a trans-
verse ridge strongly acutely angulated and interrupted in front ;
fore part of head rusty-brown, on its lower angles there is a
yellowish-white transverse streak on each side ; antennae piceous ;
ocelli distinct, pale yellowish, shining ; pronotum narrow,
posteriorly obtusely angularly excavate, pale yellowish-brown,
thoracic folds rusty-brown, the outward curved lateral keels
paler ; mesonotum brown with five rusty-yellow ridges ; tegmina
hyaline with yellowish veins, which are coloured in places with
piceous and are set with fine brown granules from which emerge
short erect brown hairs, on the inside of the yellowish costal vein
VOL. III. s
258
rULGORID^.
are three piceous longitudinal streaks, but the marginal vein is not
setosely granulate ; stigma three-cornered, piceous, pale yellowish in
front, in the apical area are several brown spots, especially on apical
margin, apical veins mostly brown, transverse veins infuscate,
closing marginal vein of clavus piceous ; wings hyaline with
brown veius ; abdomen yellowish-brown with the segmental
margins paler ; legs rusty-yellow with indistinct darker longi-
tudinal stripes.
Length " 6 to 6| millim."
Hah. Ceylon {Green).
The type is stated to be in Jvirkaldy's collection, and is therefore
presumably at Honolulu.
1794. Oliarus caudatus, Walk. (Cixius) Ins. Saund., Horn. p. 43
(1858) ; Atkins. (Cixius?) J. A. S. Beng. Iv, p. 32 (1886).
Body pale castaneous-brown ; ridges to head, pronotum,
carinations to mesonotum, abdominal segmental margins, and legs
ochraceous ; fi'ontal area of face (excluding margins and central
ridge) piceous ; tegmina hyaline, the venation fuscous ; stigma
114. — Oliarus caudaius.
fuscous, pale at base, transverse veins on apical areas infuscate,
and two or three very obscure small fuscous spots at apical margin,
the longitudinal veins are minutely fuscously setosely maculate :
wings hyaline, the venation palely fuscous ; posterior tibi» with
two or three distinct spines, one near middle prominent ; meso-
notum with five longitudinal carinate lines, those on each side of
the central one slightly converging and not reaching anterior
margin.
Length excl. tegm. 6 ; exp. tegm. 16 to 20 millim.
Hah, " North Hindostan " {Jide Walker).
1795. Oliarus fusconebulosus, sp. n.
Head, pronotum, mesonotum, and sternum very pale castaneous ;
legs ochraceous; abdomen black; tegmina pale creamy, semi-opaque,
the veins marked with small fuscous setose spots, three transverse
cixius. 259
fuscous fasciae, of which the first, complete and nearly straight,
is placed a little beyond base, the second curved posteriorly,
attenuated, and not quite reaching posterior margin, is situate a
little beyond middle, the third short at apex of stigma, apical
margin also fuscous ; stigma ochraceous ; wings very pale
fuliginous and semi-hyaline, a little darker on apical areas ;
mesonotum with five longitudinal ridges ; vertex of head with a
distinct longitudinal ridge ; ridges to face and clypeus well
developed.
Length excl. tegm. 5 ; exp. tegm. 15 inillim.
Hah. Burma ; Momeit (Doherti/).
B. Tegmina ivith the cellular areas thicJcli/ sprinlded ivith minute
setose fuscous spots.
1796. Oliarus punctipennis, sp. n.
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum castaneous or piceous-brovvn ;
abdomen above brownish-ochraceous, the lateral and apical areas
piceous ; body beneath, rostrum, and legs brownish-ochraceous,
the segmental abdominal margins piceous ; disk of face (excluding
carina) castaneous ; tegmina semi-hyaline with very numerous
minute setose fuscous spots, both on the veins and in the cellular
areas ; the venation, stigma, some irregular longitudinal apical
spots, and the claval and posterior margins fuscous ; wings hyaline,
the venation fuscous ; mesonotum with five distinct longitudinal
carinate lines, the central one most pronounced ; face and clypeus
centrally longitudinally carinate, their lateral margins acute ;
rostrum very long, its apex reaching the apical abdominal
segment ; pronotum strongly centrally longitudinally ridged, an
■oblique carinate line near each lateral margin, and a transverse
sinuate carinate line connecting them ; posterior tibiae with two
or three spines, one near middle very prominent.
Length excl. tegm. 8| to 10| ; exp. tegm. .20 to 25 millim.
Bah. Sikhim {Ind. Mus.) ; Mungphu {Atkinson Coll.., Brit.
Mus.). Nilgiri Hills {Hampson). Burma ; Buby Mines and Karen
Hills {Doherty).
Genus CIXIUS.
Cixius, Latr. Hist. Nat. Ins. xii, p. 310 (1803-4) ; id. Gen. Ins. iii,
p. 1C.6 (1807) ; Stdl, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 164 (18G6) ; Atkins. J. A. S.
Ben<j. Iv, p. 31 (1886) ; Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 30 (1903).
Type, C. nervosus, Linn., a Palcearctic species.
Distribution. Probably nearly universal.
Head somewhat narrower than the pronotnui, short, roundly
sinuated at base, vertex moderately concave, a little narrowed
anteriorly, its lateral margins strongly upwardly carinate ; face
longer than broad, gradually somewhat convexly broadened
s2
260
FULG0EID.5:.
posteriorly, centrally and laterally .strongly carinate, with an
ocellus on apex ; clypeus continuously carinate with face both
laterally and medially ; eyes very slightly sinuate beneath ;
antenna inserted beneath the eyes, second joint small, sub-
globose ; pronotum very short, posteriorly deeply angularly
emarginate ; mesonotum tricarinate ; legs moderate in length,
posterior tibise armed with two or three spines ; tegmiua with the
lateral margins parallel, interior ulnar and radial veins bifurcating
to\^■ards apical areas.
179^
CixillS pilifer, Melich. Hom.Faioi. Ccylun, p. 30 (1903).
Body aud legs ochraceous ; tegmina
pale tawny-yellow, anterior aud apical
margins and stigma flavescent, veins
somewhat thicliiy covered with lougly
setose granules ; wings pale lacteous,
the veins a little darker ; eyes more or
less piceous ; posterior tibite with two
short spines.
Leugth inch tegm. 4 millim.
Hah. Ceylon ; Pattipola {Mus.
Hon<jrois).
I am indebted to Dr. Horvath for two
cotypes of this species.
1 1 5.— Cixius 2jilife}\
Geuus ANIL A, nov.
Type, A. fuliginosa, Dist.
Distribution. Burma.
Head narrower than pronotum ; vertex as long as broad, with
the lateral margins raised and laminate before and at inner
margins of eyes, its base concavely emarginate ; face longer than
broad, truncate anteriorly (where it is narrowest) and concavely
emarginate posteriorly (where it is broadest), centrally and mar-
ginally carinate; clypeus moderately convex, obscurely centrally
carinate, its lateral margins distiuctly acutely carinate ; pronotum
very narrow, its base subaugularly emarginate ; mesonotum
tricarinate ; legs of moderate length, posterior tibise with two
short spines, basal joint of posterior tarsi long ; tegmina moderately
long, somewhat narrow, apices rounded, claval vein not reaching
apex, third longitudinal vein bifurcate before middle of tegmen,
costal area with a single oblique transverse vein, two transverse
veins terminating the three discal longitudinal veins and a dis-
located series of transverse veins crossing tegmen before apex ;
stigma somewhat long, outwardly angularly attenuated ; wings
broader than tegmina.
I place this genus in the Cixihia% by the character of the clavai
vein not reaching apex.
KUVEEA. 261
1798. Anila fiiliginosa.
Body above castaneous- brown, mesonotum somewhat piceous,
body beneath and legs brownish-ochraceous ; tegmina semi-opaque,
greyish-brown, with fahginous suffusions, which are mostly traus-
Fig. 116. — All ila fidit/inosa.
verse and shown in hgure better than by words, veins somewhat
thickly covered with setose fuscous granules ; wings semi-hyaline,
greyish-brown, fuliginous at apices.
Length excl. tegm. 5 ; exp. tegm. IG millim.
Hab. Burma ; liuby Mines {Dohertij).
I received two specimens of this species from Mr. Doherty.
Genus KUVERA, uov.
Type, K. semihyalina, Dist.
Distribution. Oriental Kegion.
Head narrower than pronotum, vertex broader than long, its
lateral margins ridged and strongly concavely excavated for the
reception of the eyes ; face subquadrate, only slightly longer than
broad, its lateral margins ampliately acutely recurved, and with a
central ridge not reaching anterior margin ; clypeus with a central
ridge, and its lateral margins distinctly acutely carinate ; pro-
notum very short, with a prominent central ridge, its base
angularly emarginate ; mesonotum \ery large, tricarinate ; legs
somewhat long and slender, posterior tibiae with two spines,
posterior tarsi with the basal jonit very long ; tegmina with their
apices somewhat conically rounded ; costal membrane broad,
without transverse veins, lower basal longitudinal vein forked,
three discal transverse veins beyond middle, and a curved
irregular series of transverse veins before apex, dehniog two sets
of cellular areas, the apical areas numerous and continued to
stigma ; claval vein not reaching apex.
1799. Kuvera semiliyalina, sp. n.
Vertex of head and pronotum ochraceous ; mesonotum and
abdomen castaneous-brown, posterior margins of metanotum
ochraceous ; body beneath castaneous-brown ; anterior and lateral
margins of face and the legs brownish-ochraceous ; tegmina and
262
FL'LGORID^.
wings pale semi-hyaliue, the venation mostly pale fuscous;
tegniina crossed before middle by a curved, slightly broken.
Fig. 117. — -Kiivera scmihyaJina.
macular fuscous fascia ; stigma piceous, inwardly margined \\ith
ochraceous.
Length escl. tegni. 5; exp. tegm. 16 millim
Hah. Burma: Euby Mines (Z>o7j^rf?/).
Grenus KIRBYANA, nom. n.
Kirbya, Melich. Honi. Faun. Ceylon, p. 37 (1903), nom. prfeocc. in
Lepid. & Dipt.
Type, A', pagana, Melich.
Distribution. Ceylon.
Head with the semi-globular eyes narrower than pronotum ;
face rather longer than broad, elongate, quadrangular, smooth,
carinate at sides and middle, at anterior margin angularly
indented, longer than breadth between eyes, nearly as long as
clypeus, expanded and broadest at clypeus; clypeus large, carinate
at middle and sides ; ej^es longly oval, slightly concave beneath ;
antennae short, second joint strongly cylindrical ; ocelli distinct
near anterior margins of eyes ; pronotum very narrow, scarcely
half as long as the vertex ; mesonotum nearly twice as long
as pronotum and vertex together, tricarinate ; tegmina placed
vertically, apical margin slightly convex ; three discal longitudinal
veins, of which the upper and lower are forked ; two series of
transvei'se veins in middle and apical areas, the latter much more
complete ; abdomen laterally compressed ; legs simple ; posterior
tibipe not spiued.
1800. Kirljyana pagana, Melich. (Kirbya) Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 38,
t. ii, f. 1 a, b, c.
Body laterally compressed ; vertex, middle of pronotum and
mesonotum yellowish, outer sides or vertical ridges bordered with
brown, at the end of vertical ridge, but on its inner side, a small
brown spot ; face yellowish marbled M"ith numerous brown
blotches, middle carina paler, lateral ridges with two pale spots ;
clypeus yellow with indistinct brown stripes ; ocelli ruby-red ;
MTTNDOPA.
263
tegmina yellowish-brown, in middle of costal margin a large pale
marginal spot round which the
corium is darker-coloured, the
veins and costal and apical
marginal veins white ; all the
veins with black granules, as
well as costal margin, which is
white until it runs into thu
apical marginal vein, black
spots at the apices of apical
veins, a series of larger black
spots are found on the claval
vein and also on the inner
bifurcating veins ; abdomen
and legs yellowish-brown, the tibite longitudinally striped with
brown.
Length " $ , 5^ millim."
Hab. Ceylon ; Peradeniya {fide MelicJiar).
I only know this genus and species from Melichar's descrip-
tions and fisfures.
Fig. 118. — Kirhyana imgana.
Genus MUNDOPA, nov.
Type, M. chujalensis, Dist.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
Head considerably narrower than pronotum, lateral margins ol'
vertex ampliately raised and apically subacute, giving the anterior
margin an appearance of concavity, and possessing a central apical
ridge ; face elongate, moderately posteriorly ampliate, with a
central longitudinal ridge, and the lateral margins strongly carinate,
clypeus with a central ridge, base of head transversely sinuate ;
pronotum very small with prominent lateral ridges ; mesonotum
tricarinale : legs of moderate length, femora moderately thickened,,
posterior tibi^ unarmed, basal joint of posterior tarsi long ;
tegmina broadened towards apex, their costal margins moderately
arched and convex on basal areas, and then distinctly slightly
concavely sinuate near to or a little beyond middle, all the
venation (excluding cellular terminations) longitudinal, those on
apical areas mostly bifurcate ; wings broader than tegmina ; a very
distinct basal ocellus to face.
The Bornean species described by Walker as Cixiiis dotaius
belongs to this genus.
In superficial appearance Mundopa has much in common with
the Neotropical genus Bothriocera, Burm.
1801. Mundopa cingalensis, sp. n.
Body above piceous ; head, pronotum, body beneath, and legs
ochraceous ; sternum and abdomen more or less suffused with
brown or piceous-brown ; face and clypeus piceous, with their
264
FULGORID^.
lateral margins ochraceous ; tegmiiia very pale stramineous,
extreme basal area and the apical area (excludiog apical margin)
very pale fuscous, the iuner disk of the fuscous apical area is also
Fig. 119. — Mandopa ciiiffalciisig.
much paler, stigma piceous ; wings pale fuliginous, with paler
streaks at base of costal margin and on outer area ; vertex of
head a little piceous anteriorly, where it possesses a short, robust,
medial ridge ; prouotum posteriorly very strongly angularly
emarginate ; basal ocellus to face pron)inently distinct.
Length excl. tegm. 3; exp. tegm. 10 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Bogawautalawa ( (xreen).
1802. Mundopa greeni, sp. n.
Body above piceous, ridges to head and pronotum ocliraceous ;
body beneath piceous, the carinate marghis to face and the legs
ochraceous ; tegmiua pale obscure stramineous, a very broad
apical margin and a narrower costal area fuscous- brown, extreme
costal and apical margins ochraceous ; wings very pale fuliginous,
with darker suffusions on apical and anal areas ; vertex of head
with the central ridge extending from apex to about one-fourth
from base, where it joins an obscure transverse ridge, its lateral
margins very strongly upwardly laminately carinate ; pronotum
very narrow, posteriorly strongly, somewhat concavely emar-
ginate ; abdominal segmental margins above palely obscurely
ochraceous.
Length excl. tegm. 3 ; exp. tegm. 10 millim.
Hah. Ceylon (Gree7i, Brit. Mus.).
1803. Mundopa myittse, sp. n.
Body piceous or brownish-piceous ; legs ochraceous ; head and
pronotum testaceous ; tegmina fuscous-brown, the interior disk
from beneath radial vein ochraceous ; wings fuliginous-brown ;
vertex of head with the central ridge extending from apex to about
one-fourth from base, where it joins a very prominent transverse
ridge, which is somewhat centrally finely sulcate ; lateral vertical
margins strongly upwardly laminately carinate, their edges a little
reflexed ; mesonotum strongly longitudinally tricarinate, the
lateral carinre converging anterioi'ly.
PTOLEEIA. 265
Var. The tegmiiia almost iiijiforml_y fuscous-browu, the basal
ochraceous coloration being practically absent.
Length excl. tegm. 2k ; exp. tegm. 10 niillim.
Hab. Tenasserim ; Myitta {Doherty).
1804. Mundopa dohertyi, sp. u.
Body and legs ochraceous, abdomen (excluding base) piceous ;
tegmina very pale ochraceous, semi-opaque ; extreme margins (ex-
cluding base of posterior margin) pale fuscoas, a little darker on
costal margin ; wings pale hyaline ; apices of raised lateral margins
to vertex of head very acutely prominent, the disk with a central
ridge continued from apex to a transverse ridge between the eyes ;
mesouotum prominently tricarinate; tegmina distinctly sinuated
before middle of costal margin.
Length excl. tegm. 3 ; exp. tegm. 8^ milhm.
Hah. Tenasserim ; Myitta (Doherty).
1805. Mundopa fasciata, sp. n.
Head and thorax above pale castaneous-brown ; abdomen above
piceous ; body beneath and legs ochraceous ; anterior area of face
and eyes piceous-brown ; tegmina semi-opaque greyish-white, the
veins darker ; stigma piceous. from beneath which a pale fuscous
fascia crosses the tegmen ; wings somewhat imperfect in specimen
described, but apparently with a pale fuscous streak in both the
costal and anal areas ; tegmina with the costal margin distinctly
concavely sinuate near stigma.
Length excl. tegm. 2 ; exp, tegm. G millim.
Hab. Tenasserim ; Myitta (Doherty).
Mr. Doherty sent me a single specimen of this small but
distinct species.
Genus PTOLERIA.
Ptoleria, Stal, Berl. e?it. Zeitschi: iii, p. 321 (1859) ; Melich. Horn.
Fazin. Ceylon, p. 36 (1903).
Type, P. arcuiyera, Stal.
Distribution. Ceylon.
Body moderately compressed ; head truncate, vertex transverse,
its apex truncate, its lateral margins moderately elevated, medially
carinate, before eyes somewhat prominent ; face concave, narrowed
anteriorly, above clypeus on both sides moderately posteriorly
ampliate, medially carinate throughout its entire length, its
margins dilated ; clypeus tricarinate ; eyes beneath subsinuate ;
ocelli two ; pronotum short, angularly arcuated ; mesonotum large,
convex, tricarinate ; tegmina more than twice as long as the
bod^, apical area distinctly broadest, apex obliquely rounded,
266
FULGOEIDiE.
veins longitudinal, three principal, of these the central longest
and before middle furcate, on apical area a nearly continuous
series of transverse veins ; legs short, posterior tibiae unarmed,
posterior tarsi with the basal joint much tlie longest.
1806. Ptoleria arcuigera, Stal, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. m, p. 321 (1859) ;
Melkh. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 37, t. i, f. 9 a, 6 (1903).
Testaceous - white ; lateral
areas of the mesonotum, small
minute scattered spots to teg-
miiial veins, and an arcuated
subangulate fascia beyond middle
occupying the whole breadtli of
tegmina and internally convex,
upper surface of abdomen (ex-
cepting incisures), lateral narrow,
short fasciae to clypeus, small
basal and apical spots to femora,
and basal and apical annulations
to anterior tibiae fuscous.
"Length 3|-; cum tegm. 6 millim."
Hah. Ceylon.
I only know this species by the descriptions of Stal and
Melichar, and the figures given by the last writer, which are here
reproduced.
Fig. 120. — Ptoleria arcuigera.
Genus BARMA, nov.
Type, B. diuersa, Dist.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Eegions.
Head a little narrower than pronotum, front strongly emarginate
anteriorly, vertex with a transverse im]>ression between the eyes
and a longitudinal carination ; face obliquely concave, widened
posteriorly, centrally longitudinally ridged, the ridge bifurcate at
anterior margin ; clypeus with a central carination, the lateral
margins also ridged, face obliquely truncate before clypeus, head
truncate at base ; pronotum shoi-t ; mesonotum with three longi-
tudinal ridges ; tegmina very broad, their apices obliquely rounded,
a little arched at base of costal margin, veins of radial and outer
ulnar areas bifurcating near their bases ; legs of moderate length ;
posterior tibiae with a short spine near middle.
The Bornean species C/^rtHs /n?>i(s. Walk., must also be included
in this "enus.
1807. Barma diversa, sp. n.
Head, thorax, and legs ochraceous ; abdomen piceous, with a
transverse greyish line above near base ; tegmina greyish, semi-
CHEONEBA. 267
opaque, much suffused and spotted with pale fuscous-brown, most
prominently so across middle and on apical area ; wings mutilated
in sj)ecimens described, similar in coloiu' and markings to tegmina,
but apparently becoming more fuscous towards anal area ; anterior
Fig. 121. — Barilla diversa.
angles of head above prominent and robust, vertex longitudinally
carinate and transversely so between the eyes ; mesonotum tri-
cariuate ; tegmina very broad, their maximum breadth greater
than that of w iugs ; face Aery strongly truncate before clypeus.
Length excl. tegm. 3 ; exp. tegm. 11 niillim.
Hah. Tenasserim ; Myitta {Dohertij).
Genus CHEONEBA.
Cbroneba, Stdl, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. m, p. 320 (1859).
Type, C. palliffons, Stal.
Distribution. Ceylon.
Head above and before eyes compressed, produced, and elevated,
vertex narrow, long, the lateral margins carinate, medially foli-
aceously elevate : face and vertex compressed, the first with its
base narrowed, beyond middle posteriorly distinctly ampliated,
apex strongly straightly narrowed, its margins acute, medially
carinate throughout its entire length ; clypeus medially carinate,
its lateral margins elevated, continuous with margins of face ;
ocelli placed beneath eyes ; pronotum short, angulate, tricarinate,
the lateral carinse most pronounced, diverging ; mesonotum obso-
letely tricarinate ; tegmina longly passing apex of abdomen,
apical area distinctly broader and sublobate, the longitudinal
veins posteriorly divided into two series by transverse veins ;
posterior tibise M'ith a single spine before middle.
1808. Chroneba pallifrons, Stdl, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. iii, p. 3i>0 (1859) ;
Melich. Horn. Favn. Ceyloji, p. 40, t. iii, f. 1 a, h (1903).
"Above black, beneath with legs yellowish-white; abdomen
beneath fuscous, segmental margins pale ; apical area of meso-
268
rULGORID.E.
notum triangularly produced, two spots to clavus (one subbasal,
Ibe other apical), a small subapical spot, and another larger costal
Fig. 12'2. — Chnjuvha jM'.Uifnnt^.
spot beyond middle of tegmeu flavous, the last divided by two
transverse black lines "' {St&l).
" Length 4^- ; cum tegm. 6 niillim."
Ilab. Ceylon.
I do not know this species, and have copied Stal's description
and Melichar's fissures.
Genus MELANDEVA, uov.
Type, M. ocellata, Dist.
Distribution. Oriental Region.
Head much narrower than the pronotmn, sides of the vertex
broadly, upwardl}', laminately, convexly produced considerably
above each eye, where they form an acute angle, and continued as
margins to face, which is long, very concave, narrowed towards
i-lypeus, the margins very finely carinate, and exhibiting a very
distinct median ocellus ; clypeus short, medially carinate ; pronotum
short, medially carinate, its lateral margins moderately laminately
convex ; mesonotum centrally tricariuate ; abdomen above with
a central longitudinal ridge ; rostrum passing the posterior coxaj ;
legs moderately long and slender, longitudinally grooved, posterior
tibiae without spines ; tegmina somewhat broad and ampliated
towards apices ; stigma long with transverse carinae, costal mem-
brane without transverse veins, apical and ulnar areas about
equally long ; wings very much broader than tegmina.
1809. Melandeva ocellata, sp. u.
Head, pronotum, body beneath, and legs ochraceous : abdomen
castaneous-brown, its segmental margins above and beneath
ochraceous ; face with two pale piceous streaks on its upper half ;
extreme margins of process to head and face and the longitudinal
BEIXIA.
269
ridges to legs pale piceons ; tegmina creamy-white suffused with
pale fuscous, the venation dark fuscous, a little paler on apical
area ; the stigma fuscous, ochraceous at base and apex ; the apical
areas mostly pale fuscous, a few scattered, short, waved, fuscous
spots, three in costal membrane, four in broken sequence beneath
it, and two on central disk of ulnar areas, claval area palely
infuscate, near outer angle of posterior margin is a large rounded
Fisr. 123. — Mchindcva occllafa.
piceous spot with an ochraceous outer margin and a white central
papillate spot ; wings pale fuscous with greyish-white suffusions.
Length excl. tegm. 9| ; exp. tegm. 80 millim.
Hah. Assam ; Khasi Hills {Brit. Mus.). Burma ; Momeit
{Dohertij).
Genus BEIXIA.
Brixia, Sidl, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fork. (1856) p. 162 ; id. Hem. Afr. iv,
pp. 166 & 173 (1866) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. Iv, p. 33 (1886) ;
Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 33 (1903).
Triopsis (part.), Sign. Ann. Soc. Fid. Fr. 1860, p. 187.
Type, B. natalicola, Stal, from 8. Africa.
Distribution. Ethiopian and Oriental Eegions.
Head much narrower than the prouotum, vertex narrow, com-
pressed, narrow er by half than the eyes, passing over into the
face, which is long, gradually narrowed upward, much compressed
between the eyes, without or with a very obsolete medial ridge,
but with lateral margins strongly carinate, an ocellus at the apex ;
clypeus with a median ridge and its lateral margins carinate ;
eyes sinuated beneath ; antennae inserted beneath the eyes, first
joint exserted, second longer than thick ; pronotum very short,
angularly emarginate at base ; mesonotum tricarinate ; tegmina
gradually but distinctly ampliate towards apices, radial and
exterior ulnar veins united near their bases ; legs of moderate
length, simple, posterior tibiae unarmed.
I have followed Stal's description of his genus.
270 rULGORID^\
A. Tegmina tuitJi the veins minutely setosehj maculate.
1810. Brixia nubila, Walk. (Cixius) List Horn. Suppl p. 80 (1858) ;
6'^5/(Bnxia), Of v. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1862, p. 487; Eirby iC\-d\x&) ,
J. Linn. Soc, Zool. xxiv, p. 137, t. v, f. 13 (1891) ; Melich.
(Brixia) Hoin. Faun. Ceylon, p. 33 (1903).
Brixia subfasciata, Stdl, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. iii, p. 320 (1859).
Kirbv has giv^en such a minute description of this species that
I reproduce it here : —
" Brown ; orbits, some lines on the thorax, and the incisions of
the abdomen (narrowly) whitish; leo;s testaceous; tegmina light
brown, varied with black and subhyaline markings ; all the
nervures white and marked with single or double rows of black
spots, from each of which proceeds a single hair ; at the extremity
of each uervure, just before the margin, which is whitish, the
extreme outer edge being brown, stands a distinct white spot ;
the principal subhyahue or whitish markings are firstly two large
and one small space on the costa separated by darker spaces, and
followed by a large stigma-like mark, which is light brown edged
with pale at each extremity, the first of these, which sometimes
coalesces with the second after crossing the first nervure, runs
down in a point half across the tegmen ; below and beyond its
lower part stand some black markings, and there is another on the
inner margin, surrounded with a clear space ; beyond this is an
oblique clear spot rather below the middle of the tegmen, and a
smaller one near the inner margin, separated by a black spot ;
beyond the third vitreous spot on the costa a blackish line,
forming a slight curve towards the base, runs nearly to the inner
margin, it is bordered on the outer concavity with pale ; beyond
this is a conspicuous oblique black spot on the inner margin, and
two small black spots (sometimes connected into a short, slightly
zigzag line) about the middle of the tegmen ; between the stig-
moidal spot and the tip of the tegmina is a large dusky space,
with a white dot near its upper edge, and its inner side Jiarrowly
edged with pale ; beyond it is a white band, more or less divided
in two by an oblique spot opposite the hind margin, but not quite
eixtendiug either to the costa or the inner margin ; wings iridescent
subhyaline, with brown nervures."
Length excl. te;j;m. 4 to 4| ; exp. tegm. 10 to 12 millim.
Hab. Ceylon ; Pundaluoya ; Bogawantalawa {Green).
1811. Brixia meander. Walk. (Cixius) List Horn, ii, p. 319 (1851);
8tal (Brixia), Of v. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1862, p. 487 ; Atkins. J. A. S.
Beng. Iv, p. 34 (1886).
Somewhat closely allied to the preceding species {B. nuhila) ;
tegmina with similar setose black dots to the veins ; tlie transverse
fasciate-like space crossing tegmen just before middle narrower
and more or less continuous to inner margin, more outwardly
oblique in direction, with its margins much more angularly
Avaved.
BRIXIA.
271
Beyond this pi'omiiient differential character the other points
of distinction are too small to be adequately described by words.
Length excl. tegin. 4 ; exp. tegm. 12 millim.
Hah. " East India " (5r?7. J/«s.). Ceylon; Puttalam (&'ree>i).
The typical specimen labelled " East India " was from the
collection made by Archdeacon Clerk.
B. T'egmina with the veins not minutely setosehf maculate.
1812. Brixia tortriciformis, Kirht/, J. Linn. Soc, Zool. x\iv, p. 138,
t. V, f. 12 (1891) ; Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. .'34 (1903).
Body above brownish ; pronotiim tricarinate, these carinas, the
inner edge of the two interocular carinse, and an oblique lateral
fascia on each side of pro- and mesonota yellowish-white ; body
beneath and legs very pale ochraceous ; marginal and central area
to face and suffusions near apex of abdomen black or piceous ;
Fio-. 124. — Brixia tortriciformis.
legs with fuscous lines ; tegmina very pale ochraceous, subhyaline,
with paler suffusions and fuscous markings as in figure (suj^ra),
which affords a better description than can be expressed in words ;
wings very palely infuscate, the veins darkly fuscous ; in this
species the veins of the tegmina are not setosely maculate.
Length excl. tegm. 4 to 4| ; exp. tegm. 12 to 14 millim.
Hab. Ceylon ; Nawalapitya, Kandy (Green).
1813. Brixia albomaculata, sp. n.
Body above dark brown ; head, pronotum, and abdominal
segmental margins dull ochraceous ; body beneath dull ochra-
ceous ; the legs and transverse fasciae to abdomen dark brown,
legs linearly streaked with ochraceous ; tegmina very pale
fuscous-brown with creamy-white markings, of which there are
four spots in radial area, a large triangular spot beneath its basal
half, a transverse fascia from its apex to inner margin of tegmen,
a claval longitudinal streak, a somewhat large irregular patch on
apical area (containing a pale fuscous spot), a triangular spot near
apex of costal margin, and two transverse spots near apical
margin ; commencing near apex of inner margin is a longitudinal
272 ruLGORiD^.
waved fuscous spot containing four small pale spots, three of
which are pearly-white and one ochraceous, costal and apical
margins narro^wly (broadly from end of radial area to apex)
umber-brown ; wings very pale fuliginous, the venation fuscous ;
pronotum centrally carinate ; mesonotum tricariuate ; basal ocellus
to face very distinct.
Length excl. tegm. 7; exp. tegm. 20 millim.
Hah. Bombay {Brit. Mus.).
1814. Brixia flavomaculata, sp. n.
Head and thorax above ochraceous ; disk of mesonotum and
dorsal surface of abdomen castaneous : body beneath and legs
ochraceous ; tegmina pale tawny-yellow with white and fuscous
markings ; basal half of radial area white with a subcentral fuscous
spot, an oblique spot beneath and before middle of radial area
and a claval streak white, a transverse white fascia inwardly
margined with fuscous crosses tegmen from end of radial area, and
on upper half between this and apex are two short oblique fasciae,
both inwardly margined with fuscous, one directed outward, the
other inward, beneath these a few longitudinal greyish-«hite spots,
an apical oblique white fascia inwardly margined \\'i\\x fuscous, and
three subapical white spots : near end of inner margin there is a
somewhat large oblique fuscous spot containing two small ochra-
ceous spots, followed by a fuscous spot on apical margin ; wings
palel)^ infuscate,the venation fuscous; pronotum centrally carinate;
mesonotum tricarinate.
Length excl. tegm. 5| ; exp. tegm. 20 millim.
Hah. Assam ; Margherita (Atkinson Coll., Brit. Mits.). Khasi
Hills (Brit. Mus.).
Subfamily V. TROPIDUCHINiE.
Tropiduehida, Stai, Hem. Afr. iv, pp. \m k 186 (1866).
Tropiduchina, Stdl, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1870, p. 748 ; Atkins. J. A.
S. Bern,. Iv, p. .37 ("1886).
Tropiduchidfe, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 11 (1903).
Head more or less narrower than the pronotum ; sides of clypeus
without a ridge or with only an obtuse ridge ; pronotum tricari-
nate, usually angularly emarginate at base, seldom roundly sinuate ;
commisural margin of tegmina straight or rounded behind the
clavus ; costal area sometimes dilated ; costal membrane often but
not invariably transversely veined, as apparently regarded by
Stal.
The principal distinguishing character of this subfamily from
the Achilina' is, in my estimation, the nou-carinate lateral margins
of the clypeus ; the basal joint of the posterior tarsi is always
more or less elongate.
HIRACIA. 273
Si/nopsis of Genera.
A. Body elliptical, convex ; tegmina coriaceous.
a. Face not longer than broad, convexly am-
pliated near base Hiracia, p. 273.
b. Face considerably longer than broad, not
convexly anipliated near base Karna, p. 274.
B. Body neither elliptical nor convex ; tegmina
not coriaceous.
a. Vertex of head broadly produced in front of
eyes and apically rounded ; including eyes
only a little narrower than pronotum.
a'. Pronotum posteriorly profoundly emargi-
nate ; apical areas of tegmina with trans-
verse veins Tajibixia, p. 276.
//. Pronotum not posteriorly profoundly emar-
ginate ; apical areas of tegmina without
transverse veins.
«'". Face longer than broad ; posterior tibiae
with two spines Ossa, p. 279,
h'. Face broader than Jong ; posterior tibise
with three spines Stibokus*, p. 280.
b. Vertex of liead (including eyes) considerably
narrower than pronotum.
«'. Tegmina long and narrow, with two series
of transverse veins enclosing apical and
subapical areas.
a'-. Tegmina hyaline.
a'\ Costal membrane without transverse
veins Leusaba, p. 280.
P. Costal membrane with widely sepa-
rated transverse veins Stacota, p. 281.
c\ Costal membrane with numerous ob-
lique veins Epora, p. 282,
b-. Tegmina opaque. Costal membrane
without transverse veins Baruna, p. 283.
h'. Tegmina short and broadjirregularly veined , Paruzelia, p. 284,
Genus HIRACIA.
Iliraeia, Walk. J. Linn. Soc, Zool. \, p. 154 (1857) ; Stdl, Hem.
Aft: iv, p. 188 (1866) ; u'itkins. J. A. S. Beng. Iv, p. 40 (1886),
Type, H. ignava, Walk., from Borneo.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
'■ Body elliptical, convex ; head with the borders hardly elevated;
vertex conical, with three distinct keels ; front and face with three
distinct keels, the former obconical, excavated next the face,
which is lanceolate ; prothorax full twice broader than long,
narrower in front, with five keels ; mesothorax triangular, acumi-
nated, with three keels ; fore wings acuminated, with nuuierous
rugulose veins and transverse veinlets." {Wall-er.)
* I have not seen this genus, and only know it by Dr. Melichar's description.
VOL. Ill, T
274 FUIGOEID.i:.
1 give "Walker's description of this genus for two reasons : firstly,
because it is evidently on that and Walker's figure that Stal in-
cluded Hiracia in his TropiducMna ; and secondly, because the only
species recorded from British India is one described and figured
by Signoret, which I have not seen, and which may or may not
be strictly congeneric.
1815. Hiracia walkeri, Si(jn. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1861, p. 57, t. ii,
f. ^,a,b; Atkins. J.^A. S. Bene/. Iv, p. 40 (1886).
" Tellowish-grey with two black patches on the tegmina ; head
weakly angular in front with a median keel
on the face ; vertex grooved, with the
margins strongly carinated, posterior margin
IM\\\WJft "11 concave ; pronotum angular, rounded in front,
i]\\M|^)|j jl furnished with a great number of small
W\\Wu/W 11 tubercles along the anterior margin and on
its disk, and a median transverse impression ;
mesonotum weakly tricarinate ; tegmina with
veins without anastomoses but faintly reti-
Fie 1"''5 culated in the intervals, a median triangular
Hiracia walkeri. black spot towards costal margin, and an
oblong spot behind towards the internal
margin ; abdomen yellowish, shorter than the tegmina ; legs
yellow, very long ; posterior tibite furnished on the external sides
with seven spines, a character which serves to separate this species
from H. igiuiva, "Walk." (Sir/noret.)
Length 7 millim.
Hah. '■^ India" {Jide Signoret).
In his description Signoret refers to his illustration as " fig. 4 '" ;
it is, however, correctly lettered on his plate as " fig. 3."
Genus KARNA, nov.
Type, K. Tcarenia, Dist.
Distribution. Burma.
Head (including eyes) narrower than pronotum ; A^ertex long,
horizontal, medially and marginally carinate, its anterior margin
rounded ; antennae inserted beneath the eyes, second joint short,
robust ; face long, tricarinate, the margins also finely carinate,
the sublateral carinse not quite reaching base, which is angularly
emargiuate before clypeus, its apex rounded, the apical margin
strongly carinate ; clypeus with a strong medial carination, its
lateral margin deflected and simple; rostrum reaching the inter-
mediate coxfe ; pronotum almost as long as vertex, strongly
medially tricarinate, its posterior margin strongly concavely emar-
giuate, beyond the lateral carinas obliquely deflected ; mesonotum
triangular, its disk tricarinate, and between the lateral caringe,
which are rounded and meet anteriorly, the surface is moderately
KARNA.
275
concave ; tes;raiiia coriaceous, on each side roundly oblique, the
veins strongly elevated and more or less broadly reticulated by
the presence of oblique and transverse cross-veins, especially on
apical area, between the veins they are also distinctly punctate ;
legs moderately long and robust, prominently longitudinally
grooved, the anterior and intermediate tibia? ampliated and cen-
trally cariuate ; posterior tibiaj with two strong teeth at base ;
posterior tarsi witli the basal joint moderately long and robust ;
posterior femora with a short strong apical spine.
This genus is allied to Hiracia, from which it differs bv having
the face considerably longer than broad and not convexly am-
pliated posteriorly, the vertex much longer than broad, &c. It
also possesses affinities with the Mexican genus On/uia, Stfd.
1816. Kama karenia, sp. n.
Body pale testaceous, with darker speckles and punctures ;
tegmina with two obliquely transverse piceous lines, the first near
middle, the other on apical area, and possessing two longitudinal
branches running posteriorly, one on disk, the other near costal
margin ; anterior area of face, clypeus, and prosternum (excluding
lateral margins) more or less piceous ; abdomen beneath finely
riff. 126. — Kama karenia.
mottled with piceous ; legs brownish-ochraceous with pale
mottlings, apices of tarsi piceous ; apices of the tegmina subacute,
their lateral margins distinctly sinuate near middle ; legs more
or less strongly pilose ; posterior tibiae with two strong teeth at
base, and posterior femora with a strong apical spine (not shown
in figure).
Length 14 millim.
Hah. Burma ; Karen Hills {Doherty).
276 PULGORID.i;.
Geuus TAMBINIA.
Tambiiiica, Stdl, Bed. eiit. Zeitschr. iii, p. 31G (1859).
Type, T. languida, Stfil.
Distribution. Orieutal and INIalayau Eegions.
Body short ; head a little narrower than the pronotum, the
vertex produced and apically rounded, its margins reflexed, and
with a central longitudinal carination ; face very strongly recli-
nated, nearly horizontal, between and behind eyes with the margins
subparallel, before eyes subangulate, base rounded, beneath for
more than half of length medially more or less distinctly carinate ;
clypeus triangular, convex, its margins not carinate : ocelli obso-
letely situate between the eyes ; antenna short ; pronotum a little
anteriorly produced, posteriorly profoundly emarginate, tricariuate,
the lateral carinas oblique ; mesonotum tricarinate, the lateral
carinae converging anteriorly, the central carina abbreviated
])Osteriorly ; legs of moderate length, posterior tibia? bispiuose ;
tegmiua about one-third longer tlian the body, subparallel, their
apices rounded, four longitudinal veins extending for about two-
thirds from base, the lirst very near costal margin, fourth beyond
middle furcate, at about one-third from base obliquely divided
from seven short longitudinal veins, constituting short cellular
areas divided by transverse veins from longer and more numerous
apical areas in which many of the veins are furcate.
The exact location of this genus is differently regarded.
Melichar (Hom. Faun. Ceylon) places it. .in the Cixiince, but Stal,
its founder, clearly by implication (Ofv. Vet-Ak. FiJrh. 1870,
p. 750), refers it to the TropiducMncc, where 1 leave it.
A. Head rounded, hut not prominently narrowed anteriorly.
a. Vertex of head longer than sjjace between eyes.
a. Face about tivice as long as broad, the central carination
evanescent posteriorly .
IS 17. Tambinia languida, Stdl,Berl. ent. Zeitschr. iii, p. 317 (1859) ;
Melich. Horn. Fau?t. Ceylon, p. 39 (1903).
Pale virescent, the mesonotum some-
times tinted \Aitli ochraceous ; basal two-
thirds of tegmina semi-opaque, apical
third semihyaline, paler in hue, the
venation A'irescent ; wings pale semi-
hyaline, the venation virescent ; body
beneath more or less tinted with ochra-
ceous ; legs virescent ; apices of spines to
posterior tibiae fuscous ; vertex of head
a little longer than space between eyes ;
,„ j.^-}'~'- ., face almost twice longer than broad,
■^ the central longitudmal carmation be-
coming evanescent posteriorly ; base of pronotum acutely angularly
emarginate.
Length inch tegm. 7 to 8 millim.
Hah. Ceylon {Green, Brit. Mus.).
TAMBINIA. 277
1818. Tambinia inconspicua, sp. n.
Body and legs ocbraceous, apical half of abdomen moderately
iufuscate ; teguiina of a very pale tawny hue, the venation pale
fuscous ; wings pale hyaline ; vertex of head longer than space
between eyes, the central and lateral carinations very prominent ;
carinations to both pro- and mesonota well pronounced ; posterior
[
Fig. \28.^Tar/ihi)iia incons^picua.
tibiae armed with two spines ; face about twice as long as broad,,
its central carination becoming evanescent tovvai'ds base.
Length excl. tegm. 4| ; exp. tegm. 13 millim.
Hah. Burma (Stocl'hohn 31 ns.).
Dr. Aurivillius kindly forwarded me this unnamed species for
description. It is allied to T. languida, 8tal, from which it is to
be distinguished by the shape and structure of the head as shown
in the figures of the two species.
aa. Vertex of head about as lomj as hroad.
a. Face a little longer than hroad, carination to face ]ier current.
1819. Tambinia debilis, 8tal, Berl. ent. Zeitsch: iii, p. 317 (1859) ;
Melich. Ham. Faun. Ceylon, p. 39, t. i, f. 18, a (1903).
Pale virescent ; mesonotum frequently tinted with ocbraceous ;
tegmina semihyaline, virescent on claval areas ; body beneath and
legs virescent, more or less tinted with ocbraceous ; apices of
spines to the posterior tibia) fuscous ; vertex of bead about as
long as breadth between eyes ; face about one-third longer than
broad, the central carina extending throughout its entiz-e length ;
pronotum moderately angularly emarginate at base.
Length inch tegm. 6 to 7 millim.
Hah. Ceylon (Green, Brit. Mus.).
1820. Tambinia maculosa, sp. n.
Pale virescent ; tegmina with ttie venation darker green, the
claval area very pale brownish, the apical area a little paler in
hue and more or less marginally suffused with very pale brown,
the most prominent spots being one on costal margin at about
one-fourth from apex, and one farther from apex and nearer inner
278 FULGOKID^.
inargiu ; wings pale creamy-hyaline ; head above about as long as
broad, moderately narrowing anteriorly, with a central longitudinal
carinatiou ; face longer than broad, central carination percurrent ;
apices of spines to postei'ior tibiae slightly fuscous.
Length 5| ; exp, tegm. 11 millim.
Hah. " India " {Brit. 3Ius.).
a-. Face about tiuice as long as broad, carination jier current.
1821. Tambinia rufoornata, Stdl, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. iii, p. 317 (1859) ;
Melich. Horn. Fau?i. Ceylon, p. 39 (1903).
Pale virescent, apical areas of tegmina hyaline ; a suffusion on
each side of head before eyes, the posterior margin of pronotum,
cai'iuse to mesonotum, and commissural margins of tegmina more
or less rufous-red ; a subbasal spot to tegmina near clavus and
the oblique division on tegmina between corium and membrane
very pale fuscous ; vertex of head scarcely longer than broad ;
face nearly twice as long as broad, the central carination percurrent
throughout its entire length ; apices of spines to posterior coxse
fuscous.
Length inch tegm. 7 millim.
Hab. Ceylon ; Maskeliya {Green).
a^. Face about as long as broad, its central carination obsolete.
1822. Tambinia atrosignata, sp. n.
Pale virescent, the apical areas of tegmina hyaline ; two black
elongate spots near bases of sutural mai-gins of tegmina ; obUque
division between corium and membrane marked with several
fuscous spots ; body beneath and legs more ochraceous and less
virescent ; head with the vertex about as broad as long; face about
as broad as long, scarcely perceptibly longitudinally carinate ;
pronotum with its lateral angles prominent, its posterior margin
moderately angularly emarginate.
Length inch tegm. G millim.
Hcd>. Ceylon ; Peradeniya {Green).
B. Bead gradually narroived to apex.
1823. Tambinia capitata, sp. u.
Head and thorax above virescent ; body beneath and legs
yellow'ish -green ; tegmina with their basal two-thirds very pale
yellowish-green and semi-opaque, their apical thirds hyaline ;
vertex of head a little longer than broad, gradually and moderately
narrowed to apex ; face nearly twice as long as broad, the cen-
tral carination continued throughout its entire length, concavely
narrowed beyond middle ; pronotum posteriorly acutely angularly
emarginate.
Length incl. tegm. fi millim.
Hab. Tenasserim ; Myitta {Doherty).
OSSA. 279
Genus OSSA.
Ossa, Motsch. Bull. Soc. Xat. Mose. xxxvi, 3, p. 106 (18G3_) ; MelicJi.
Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 49 (1903).
Type, 0. dimidiata, Motsch.
Distrilnition. Ceylon.
"Horizontal and enlarged form of CLvias, but the anterior
halves of the tegmiua of a cartilaginous consistence, shiniug, not
transparent ; head horizontal, depressed, about four distinct
superlicies, vertex produced as an obtuse cone and margined ;
face very horizontal, very depressed, elliptical, the margins
prominent and with a medial longitudinal carination ; ocelli
absent; rostrum robust; antennje inserted laterally under the
eyes ; posterior margin of head truncate at about middle of
eyes and hidden in a kind of forked hood, which is produced
laterally just beyond the middle of the pronotum, having the
posterior angles dilated and reflected ; thorax much larger than
head, triangular, tricarinate ; scutellum very small, triangular ;
tegmina ampliated at about middle, their apices rounded, veins on
the anterior cartilaginous area strongl}^ elevated, the cellular areas
very long, nearly concave, veins on the posterior transparent
area less elevated, all longitudinal; body beneath elougately oval;
legs not longer than the tegmina, posterior tibiae armed with two
spines." (IlutscJioidshj.)
1824. Ossa dimidiata, Motsch. Bull. Soc Nat. JIosc. xxxvi, 3, p. 107,
t. xi, f . 23 (1863) ; Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 49, t. ii, f. 10, a
(1903).
" Elongate, dilate, tectiform, depressed, shining, green ; head
and sutures of the thorax
subochraceous ; tegmina pos-
teriorly hyaline, triangular, infus-
cate, apex paler ; face, eyes,
body beneath, and legs slightly
white; head triangularly arcuated,
depressed, longitudinally tricari-
nate, posteriorly between eyes
straightly truncate, covered with
furcate hood, laterally at base of
tegmina much prolonged, hood
medially widely tricarinate ;
Y'lg. 1-12.— Ossa dimidiata. pronotum broader than head,
triangular, posteriorly arcuated,
medially tricarinate, the carinae anteriorly arcuately united ; meso-
notum minute, triangular ; tegmina towards middle distinctly
ampliated, posteriorly subparallel, subhyaline, anteriorly coriaceous,
shining, with the veins elevated, the suture canaliculate, longi-
tudinally tricarinate." {JlotscJioulsl'y.)
Length " 2| lin."
Hcdj. Ceylon ; Patannas Mount (Jide Motsch.).
I have not seen this species but have reproduced the original
description of Motschoulsky, and the figure as given by Melichar.
280 ruLGOEJu.i:.
Genus STIBORUS.
Stibonis, Melich. Horn. Fattn. Ceylon, p. 50 (1003).
Type, S. viridis, Melich.
Disfrilmtion. Ceylou.
Very much resembUng Ossa, but with the face broader than
long, whereas in Ossa the face is longer than broad ; posteiior
tibiae with three spines.
As Dr. Meliehar has not figured the type of this genus, and as
I have unfortunately been unable to see a specimen, I have
thought it best to give only his differential characters from the
allied genus Ossa.
1825. Stiborus viridis, McUch. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 50 (1903).
Green, face with three black spots, situate one on each anterior
angle, and one at the upper frontal border of the upper end of
the middle ridge ; tegmina hyaline with green veins ; abdomen
and legs green ; apices of claws and spines brown.
Length, cJ & 2 , 7 millim.
Hah. Ceylon ; Pei-adeniya {fide Meliehar).
My only knowledge of this species is from the short description
given by Dr. Meliehar.
Genus LEUSABA.
Leusaba, Wall: J. Linn. Soc, Zool. \, p. 144 (1857) ; StSl, Hem.
Afr. iv. p. 188 (1866) ; Melich. Horn. Farm. Ceylon, p. 28 (1903).
Type, L. marginalis, "Walk., from Borneo.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
Head narrower than pronotum, vertex subquadrate with its
margins carinate and the disk modei'ately concave ; face ampliated
posteriorly, centi'ally and marginally ridged, its anterior mai'gin
slightly rounded, its basal margin subtruncate ; clypeus centrally
ridged, its lateral margins simple ; pronotum slightly longer than
vertex, its anterior margin roundly produced, its posterior margin
angularly etnarginate, with four longitudinal carinse, the two
central contiguous, and one oblique on each lateral area ; meso-
notum tricarinate, the lateral cariuse conAorging anteriorl}^ : legs
rather long and slender, especially the posterior ones, of which the
tibia; have two long spines on their apical halves ; posterior tibiae
with the basal joint moderately long ; tegmina apically broadened,
of the three basal longitudinal veins the lowermost is alone forked,
two slightly oblique series of transverse veins dividing six subapical
areas and a series of many apical areas, some of the longitudinal
veins to the latter bifurcating towards their apices ; wings short
and somewhat narrow.
Meliehar, from the absence of transverse veins to the costal
membrane, regards this genus as belonging to the Dictyopharhw: ;
but this is not an exclusive character to the Troinducliina', and it
appears evident, as St?d opined, that Leus(d>a belongs to the
latter subfamily.
STACOTA, 281
182G. Leusaba rufitarsis, Kirhj (Stacota), J. Linn. Soc, Zoo/, xxiv.
p. 134 (1891).
Leusaba margiualis, Melich. {nee Walk.) Horn. Faun. Ceylon.
p. 29, t. i, f. 10, a, b (1903).
Body and legs somewhat dark virescent ; a trausverse fascia
to vertex of head, anterior and lateral margins and central ridge
to face, two central ridges to pronotum, ridges to mesonotum, and
sometimes the apices of the spines to posterior tibire sanguineous-
Fig. 130. — Leiisaha rufitarsis.
red ; a black spot on anterior coxae, and legs more or less
streaked with black : tegmina and wings hyaline, the venation
piceous ; tegmina with the extreme base dull virescent with two
black spots.
Length excl. tegm. 9 ; exp. tegm. 2G millim.
Hah. Ceylon ; Kandy, Pundaluoya {Green').
Melichar {supra) has regarded this species as synonymous with
the Bornean L. mare/inalis, Walk., but the relative lengths of the
apical and subapical areas to the tegmina will readily divide the
two species.
Genus STACOTA.
Stacota, Stal, Berl. e?it. Zeitsclir. iii, p. 324 (1859) ; Melic/i. Annal.
Ji.-k. naturh. Hofmus. p. 325 (1898).
Type, S. breviceps. Walk.
Distrilmtion. Ceylon.
Head narrower than pronotum ; vertex longer than broad, its
anterior and lateral margins and a central longitudinal line cari-
nate ; face longer than broad, obliquely narrowed before middle
towards clypeus, centrally and laterally carinate ; clypeus centrally
carinate, its lateral margins simple ; pronotum shorter than vertex,
anteriorly somewhat conically produced, posteriorly subangularly
emarginate, tricarinate, the lateral carinae oblique ; mesonotum
tricarinate, the lateral carinse anteriorly converging ; legs rather
long, posterior tibise witli two spines : tegmina ampliated towards
apex, costal membrane with somewhat widely separated transverse
282
VUJjGO-RIBJE.
veins, of the three basal longitudinal veins the lower only forked,
two series of transverse veins dividing eight subapical and many
apical areas, one of the longitudinal veins to the latter bifurcate
towards apex ; wings short and somewhat narrow.
In his description of the type of this genus, Walker states that
the vertex is " more than twice broader than long,"' but this is
entirely incorrect.
Both Stal and Melichar have placed Stacota in the JRiccmiince, a
course not followed here, by reason of the structure of the head.
1827. Stacota breviceps, Walk. (Dictyophora) List Horn. Siqjpl.
]). 08 (1858) ; StcV (Stacota), Ofi\ Vet-Ale. Fork. 1862, p. 487 ;
Kirbi/, J. Linn. Soc, Zool. xxiv, p. 134 (1891) ; Melich. Annal.
k.-k. nnturh. Hofmus. p. 326, t. xiv, f. 16, a, b (1898) ; id.
Horn. Faim. Ceylon, p. 86 (1903).
Stacota coniptella, Stal, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. iii, p. 325 (1859) ; Kirhy,
J. Linn. Soc, Zool, xxiv, p. 134 (1891).
Body and legs virescent in fresh specimens, ochraceous in older
and discoloured examples ; anterior and lateral margins and central
carination to vertex, central and lateral carinse to face, central
carination to elypeus, aud the mesonotal carina? more or less red ;
Fig. 131. — Stacota tjveviccps.
abdomen above with a central maculate fascia aud extreme
segmental margins red ; tegmiua and wings hyaline, the venation
ochraceous ; tegmina wiih the venation somewhat thickly covered
with minute setose darker spots, which in some specimens, as the
one here ligured, are scarcely visible.
Length excl. tegm. 6 ; exp. tegm. 18 millim.
Hah. Ceylon ; Pei'adeniya, Kaudy, Puudaluoya, Heuaratgoda
(Green).
Genus EPORA.
Epora, Walk. J. Linn. Soc, Zool. i, p. 145 (1857) ; Stal, Hem.
Afr. iv, p. 188 (1866) ; Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 48
(1903).
Type, E. suhtilis, "Walk.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Eegions.
Head narrower than pronotum ; vertex considerably shorter than
broad, its lateral and anterior margins ridged ; face longer than
BAEUNA. 283
broad, laterally and eeutrallj ridged, its lateral areas slightly
obliquely narrowed immediately before clypeus, which is strongly
centrally ridged ; pronotum A^ery jiarrow, its lateral areas strongly
oblique, deeply angidarly emarginate posteriorly, all its margins
carinate and with two contiguous central carinations ; mesonotum
tricarinate ; legs moderately long and slender, posterior tibiae with
three spines ; tegmina a little ampliated apically, the costal
membrane Avith numerous obliquely transverse veins, two series of
transverse veins considerably beyond middle, dividing numerous
subapical and apical areas ; wings short and somewhat narrow.
1828. Epora SUbtilis, Walk. J. Linn. Soc, Zool. i, p. 14G, t. vii, f. 3
(1857).
Body and legs virescent ; tarsal claws piceous ; tegmina very
pale virescent subhyaline ; wings hyaline ; eyes pale castaneous-
brovvn ; in some specimens the legs are distinctly paler than the
body.
Length excl. tegm. 5i ; exp. tegra. 17 millim.
Hah. Ceylon ; Bogawantalawa {Green).
Melichar (Hom. Faun. Cey-
lon, t. i, f. 11) has figured a
species as Ej)ora subtilis, which
if compared with Walker's
figure will at once prove that
two species have been con-
fused with scarcely any cha-
racters in common ; in fact
¥ig. 132. —Epora suhiilifi. it is doubtful if they are
congeneric. In Melichar's
figure the transverse veins to the costal membrane of the tegmina
are straight, there is no regular division of the subapical and
apical areas, the shape of the pronotum is totally different, and so
apparently is that of the head.
Genus BAR UNA, nov.
Type, B. alhosirjnafa, Dist.
Bistribution. Ceylon.
Head narrower than pronotum ; vertex a little broader than
long, its margins carinate, its disk concave, with a slight central,
longitudinal ridge ; face long, its lateral areas moderately oblique,
centrally and laterally strongly carinate ; clypeus centrally carinate,
its lateral margins simple ; pronotum scarcely longer than vertex,
tricarinate, its posterior margin concavely angularly emarginate ;
mesonotum tricarinate ; legs moderately long and slender, posterior
tibiae with about three spines ; tegmina long and narrow, their
apices somewhat conically rounded, costal membrane without
transverse veins, of the three basal longitudinal veins the upper
and lower forked, two series of transA'erse veins, the first nearly
284
rULGOBID.i:.
straight, the outermost convex, dividing the apical and uhiar
areas, the former distrihuted around the apical marginal area ;
wings short and narrow,
1829. Baruna albosignata, sp. n.
Body ahove and face pale greyish-flavescent ; central carination
to vertex, cariuations to face, central carination to clypeus, central
carination to pronotum and a longitudinal fascia on each lateral
area to same, central carination to mesonotum and a spot or fascia on
each lateral area to same, a central macular fascia and a broad
Fig. 133. — Baruna alho^lgnafa.
lateral fascia on each side of abdomen purplish-red ; body beneath
more or less suffused with piceous ; legs piceous, apices of femora
and bases of tarsi pale flavescent ; tegmina fuscous, the apical area
piceous, costal membrane slightly paler, and a large pale greyish
spot beneath apex of radial area, claval area greyish ; wings
hyaline, the venation pale fuscous.
Length excl. tegm. 4^^ ; exp. tegm. 14^ millim.
Hah. Ceylon; Tan galla (Greoi).
Genus PARUZELIA.
Paruzelia, Mclich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon^ p. 51 (1903).
Type, P. iisijllomorplia, Melich.
Distribution. Ceylon.
Head (including eyes) narrower than pronotum ; vertex pro-
jecting beyond the eyes, flat, straight, on its anterior area medially
finely ridged ; face strongly curved downward, twice as long as
broad, narrowed above, widened towards clypeus, with a fine central
ridge extending to middle, lateral margins carinate ; clypeus broad,
shortly triangular, not ridged ; rostrum short, extending to middle
coxae ; antennae inserted just beneath eyes, very short, second joint
shortly oval ; ocelli present, very small but distinct near lower
margins of eyes ; pronotum with posterior margin obtusely deeply
angularly emarginate ; mesonotum almost broader than long,
slightly flattened on disk and tricarinate, the lateral calcinations
beyond middle concavely bent inwardly and unit-ed with apex of
central ridge ; tegmina peculiarly resembling the form in PsyUida',
shortly oval, hyaline, apical margin concave between the apical
veins, so that it appears strangely angular ; clavus short and broad ;
PARUZELIA.
285
of the three basal lougitudinal veins the third is forked, and they
are connected by several trans vere veins which constitute irregu-
larly formed celkdar areas ; wings hyaline, broad, short ; legs
simple, posterior tibite with two spines.
I include this genus in the Tro]nducIiince on Melichar's authoi'ity,
and have given what I hope are the salient points in his description.
1830. Paruzelia psyllomorpha, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. o\,
t. iii, f. 2,a-c{imi).
" Body yellowish-brown, vertex yellowish-white in middle with a
fine longitudinal line which forms a short fork; face with the
sides yellowish, the marginal
ridges more or less dark yellow,
and with an oblique reddish-
brown transverse streak, upper
half dirty yellow set with fine
diverging yellow hairs ; clypeus
resembling face ; eyes brown ;
antennas yellowish ; pronotum
with several indistinct rusty-
yellow spots, which give a mar-
bled appearance to its surface ;
mesonotum brown, the longi-
tudinal ridges paler, a large
brown spot on side borders, a
paler marginal spot before apex ;
Fig. 134.
Paruzelia psyllomorpha.
tegmina hyaline, the veins brown and decorated with brown spots,
which coalesce but are here and there separated by red veins ;
wings hyaline, with a broad transverse band at middle ; thorax
and abdomen piceous ; legs pale yellowish ; posterior tibiie with a
dark annulatiou before middle.
" Length, <3 1 ^h', expanse 8 millim.'' {Melicliar.)
Hah. Ceylon ; Henaratgoda {fide Melkliar).
I have reproduced Melichar's description and figures.
The following species must be included in the Trojnduchince, but
its genei'ic position cannot be stated with any certitude, as I am
unable to see any of Dr. Melichar's cotypes.
1831. Gen.? melichari, sp. n.
Epora subtiHtis, Melich. {nee Walk.) Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 48,
t. i, f. 11, a-e (1903).
I have already pointed out (ante, p. 283) the confusion which
attaches to this species, but I refrain from reproducing the figure,
as its generic position can only with accuracy be determined by the
examination of a specimen. As Dr. Melichar has given both
Ceylon and Bombay as its habitats, it is more than probable that
an example at least will be procured from India or Ceylon in time
for insertion in an appendix to these volumes.
286 ruLGORiD.!.
Subfamily VI. ACHILIN^.
Achilida, SfM, Hem. Afr. iv, pp. 130 & 181 (1866).
Acliilina, Stdl, Of v. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1870, p. 478 ; Atkins. J. A. S.
Beng. Iv, p. 36 (1886).
Acliilidre, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 11 (1903).
Head narro^^'er than the pronotum ; lateral margins of the
clypeus carinate ; apical joint of rostrum elongate ; pronotum
angularly emai'ginate at base ; tegmina ampliated behind the clavus,
which is very rarely granulate, acute at apex, which is distinctly
closed, claval vein continued to the apex or united with the claval
suture near apex ; posterior tarsi with the basal joint elongate.
This subfamily is closely allied to the Trojyidachince, from which
it can always be distinguished by the carinate lateral margins of
the clypeus.
Synoj)sis of Genera.
A. Face promineutly produced before eyes.
a. Clypeus small, less than half the length of face. Faventia, p. 286.
b. Clypeus about as long as face Vekuxta, p. 287.
B. Face not, or very slightly, projecting before eyes.
a. Clypeus abovit, or nearly, as long as face.
a'. Face anteriorly eniarginate Kinnara, p. 289.
//. Face anteriorly convex or truncate, not
eniarginate.
a'-. Face only about half as broad as long,
anteriorly truncate Magadha, p. 290.
d-. Face nearly three-fourths as broad as long,
anteriorly rounded Tangina, p. 291.
b. Clypeus only about lialf as long as face ; pos-
terior tibiae with two short spines ; tegminal
stigma undeveloped Kosalya, p. 292.
c. Clypeus more than half as long as face ; pos-
terior tibiae with a single small spine ; teg-
minal stigma very strongly developed Usana, p. 293.
Genus FAVENTIA.
Faveulia, SfSl, Henu Afr iv, p. 181 (1866) ; id. Ofo. Vet.-Ak. Fork,
1870, p. 748.
Type, F. piistidata, Walk.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
Head narrower than the pronotum ; vertex short, subquadrangu-
lar, centrally ridged and laterally carinate, the spaces between the
carinations foveate ; face long, prominently produced in front o£
eyes, a little ampliate posteriorly, centrally strongly ridged, the
lateral margins carinate ; clypeus small, less than half the length
of face, with its lateral margins distinctly carinate and centrally
VEKUNTA.
28^
finely ridged ; pronotum narrow, its base strongly, deeply einar-
ginate, tricarinate, the lateral carinae curved inwardly and meeting
anteriorly ; mesonotum finely ti-icarinate ; legs moderately long
and slendei', posterior tibise with a single spine : tegmina mode-
rately ampliate at apical areas and inwardly arapliate behind the
clavus, radial vein and the lower longitudinal vein furcate, two
series of transverse veins, the first about three in number, situate
beyond middle and connecting the longitudinal veins, the second
series more numerous and couvexly continuous before apical
margin ; wings broader than tegmina.
1832. Faventia pustulata, Walk. (Cixius) J. Linn. Soc, Zool. i, p. 87
(IBoG) ; StSl (Faventia), Berl. ent. Zeitschv. x, p. 392 (1866).
Body and legs umber-brown ; foveations to vertex and two small
spots at base of mesonotum black ; tegmina dull greyish, the apical
areas darker, the venation very pale ochraceous, excluding apical
Fig. 135. — Faventia. pustulata.
marginal areas sprinkled with small fuscous spots, with a few larger
piceous spots, of which the most prominent are one at apex of
claval area, one on disk before middle, and another at base ;
wings fulighious, the venation fuscous, and with a small distinct
discal greyish spot ; there is also a prominent black spot on each
side of the prosternum ; the central and lateral ridges of the face
are piceous-brown and its anterior margin truncate.
Length excl. tegm. 8 ; exp. tegm. 22 millim.
Hah. Tenasserim ; Myitta (Doherty). — Singapore (Bi-it. Mus.).
Genus VEKUNTA, u. nom.
Temesa, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 40 (1903), nom. prEeocc.
(Moll).
Type, V. tenella, Melich.
Distribution, Ceylon.
Head with eyes narrower than pronotum ; face quadrangular,
flattened at the sides, scarcely keeled, straightly projecting a little
in front of eyes, the anterior margin divided from the vertex by
288
FULGOEID.E.
a sharp trausA'ei'se ridge aud narrower than at base ; vertex some-
what long, narrowed anteriorly and concavely excavate between
the prominent outer margins ; clypeus triangular, ridged medially
and laterally, the central ridge slight ; eyes semicircular ; autenna?
very short, second joint thickened and shortly oval ; ocelli absent ;
prouotum very narrow, posteriorly very strongly emarginate ;
mesonotum as long as broad, scarcely keeled ; tegmina narrow,
base of costal margiu curved inward, two lougitudinal veins in
corium, outer one forked near base and the second before middle,
outer branch united with first longitudinal vein by a transverse
vein, several transverse veins in apical area, outer forked branch
in clavus granulated at base; wings as long as tegmina ; posterior
tibiae unarmed.
1S33. Vekunta tenella, Melkh. (Temesa) Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 41,
t. iii, f. U,a,b,c (1903).
"Head, pronotum, and antennse
pale yellow ; mesonotum orange-
yellow ; eyes black ; face rather
darker ; vertex thickly covered
with yellow warts ; tegmina hya-
line, dirty brownish-yellow, apical
area smoky-brown, costal margin
rather paler aud set with ex-
tremely fine granules ; wings
slightly fuliginous with dark veins ;
abdomen aud legs orange-yellow,
the latter paler." (MelicJiar.)
Length, d , 5k millira.
Hab. Ceylon ; Peradeniya (fide
Melicliar).
I only know this genus and
species by Melichar's figures and
descriptions ; I have re])roduced the first and endeavoured to
give the salient points of the latter.
Pig. 136. — VcJcuiita tenella.
1834. Vekunta punctula, Melich. (Temesa) Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 41
(1903;.
" Similar to T. tenella, and only distinguished by the neck of
the vertex having a deep triangle in which the flattened warts are
absent ; on each side of the outer areas of the presternum is a
large black spot, which is wanting in T. tenella ; other characters
as in that species." (Melichar.)
Length 5| millim.
Hab. Ceylon, Negombo (fide Melichar).
I have no personal knowledge of this species.
KINNAEA.
289
Genus KINNARA, n. nom.
Pleroma, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 41 (1903), iioin. praeocc.
(Spong-. et Ins.).
Type, K. ce)/Ionica, Melich.
Distribution. Ceylon.
Head short, much narrower than pronotum, the anterior
margins of face slightly projecting beyond eyes and giving the
appearance of lateral angulations to vertex, which is concave with
its margins carinate ; eyes with their posterior margins concavely
emarginate ; face narro^Aest between eyes, anteriorly emarginate,
ampliated towards middle, and then a little narrowed to clypeus,
centrally practically non-carinate ; clypeus nearly as long as face,
centrally and laterally carinate ; pronotum narrow ; mesonotum
moderately convex and very obsoletely tricariuate ; legs of moderate
length, posterior tibice not spined ; tegmina somewhat narrow,
their apical margins rounded, a small distinct indentation on costal
margin beyond middle, beneath which there is an apparently sac-
like area, lower longitudinal vein furcate, a series of transverse
veins before apical area, and two transverse discal veins just beyond
middle, apical areas numerous, about ten in number: wings a
little wider than teermina.
1835. Kinnara ceylonica, Melich. (Pleroma) Hutn. Faun. Ceylon,
p. 42, t. i, f. 12, a, b, c (1903).
Head, thorax above, body beneath, and legs flaveseent ; meso-
notum more rufous in hue ;
eyes and apex of abdomen
black ; tegmina pale flaves-
eent, more or less greyish
on apical half, a small cre-
taceous spot at the costal
indentation ; wings very
pale fuliginous, with the
venation fuscous ; in some
specimens there are short,
ray-like, very obscure pale
fuscous spots in the apical
areas to the tegmina, but
these are not of a constant
character.
Length excl. tegm. 3 to 3| ; exp. tegm. 10 to lOh millim.
Hah. Ceylon; Peradeniya ((xj^ew).
I have reproduced Melichar's figure in order that the structural
characters of his genus may be more readily understood.
183G. Kinnara fumata, Melich. (Pleroma) Ho^n. Faun. Ceylon, p. 42
(1903).
" Above and beneath smoky-brown ; head small ; vertex very
short, margins leaf-hke, raised, and passing off into the raised
VOL. III. u
Fig. 137. — Kinnara ceylonica.
290 FULGORID^.
margins of the face ; ocelli at the clypeal suture, large, glassy,
distinct ; face not ridged ; clypeus with a very prominent central
ridge; eyes black; antennae small, placed close to lower margins of
eyes ; ocelli close to anterior margins of eyes ; pronotum extremely
narrovA', ribbon-shaped ; mesonotum large, convex, flattened off at
tip, with three strong pai'allel longitudinal ridges ; tegmina some-
what long, rounded off behind, fuliginous, with a slight bronzy
lustre, a small white spot on costa at the extremely slight
indentation ; venation piceous ; wings fuliginous ; underside and
legs dull brown.
" Length 5 millim." (MelieJuir.)
Hah. Bombay District ; Matheran Mt. {fide Meliclmr).
I have not seen this species.
1837. Kinnara albiplaga, sp. n.
Head, thorax above, body beneath, and legs flaveseent, the meso-
notum somewhat rufous; abdomen more or less infuscate; tegmina
pale fuscous-brown, the venation darker, a large basal patch neither
reaching radial vein nor posterior margin and almost reaching
middle of tegmen, a small subtriangular spot at costal indentation,
and some small discal spots on apical area greyish-white ; wings
milky-white, the venation a little darker ; eyes black ; antennae
rufous ; structure as in K, ceijlonica.
Length excl. tegin. 3 ; exp. tegm. 10 millim.
Hah. Ceylon; Maskeliya ((?ree»i).
Genus MAGADHA, nov.
Type, M.flavisigna, Walk.
Distribution. Oriental Region.
Head narrower than the pronotum ; vertex truncate anteriorly,
concavely sinuate posteriorly, with the lateral margins strongly
ridged, the disk foveate, containing a central ridge which does not
reach more than halfway from base ; face long, about twice as
long as broad, a little ampliated posteriorly, the lateral margins
acutely laminately ridged and upwardly reflexed, and with a strong
central longitudinal ridge ; clypeus about as long as face, with the
lateral margins laminately ridged and with a strong central
longitudinal ridge ; last joint of the rostrum elongate ; pronotum
somewhat conically produced anteriorly, angularly emarginate
posteriorly, tricarinate, the lateral carinse oblique; mesonotum
tricarinate ; legs of moderate length, first joint of posterior tarsi
elongate ; tegmina long, somewhat narrow, their apices rounded
and deflected at apical area, ampliated inwardly behind the clavus,
basal two-thirds of venation longitudinal, closed by a few trans-
verse veins, crossed, a little before apex, by a regular series of
transverse veins ; wings broader than tegmina.
TANQTNA.
291
1838. Magadha flavisigna, Walk. (Cixius) List Horn, ii, p. 348
(1851).
Head and thorax above ocbraceous ; a large subquadrate discal
spot to mesonotum dark castaneous, this spot is more obscurely
extended on each side beyond the lateral carinae ; abdomen above
Fig, 138. — Magadha flavisigna.
and beneath castaneous ; sternum and legs ochraceous, face and
sternum suifused and legs aunnlated with browuish ; tegmiua dull
creamy, semi-opaque, much mottled and spotted with pale fuscous-
brown, the veins mostly minutely spotted with fuscous, those on
apical area stramineous and very distinct ; wings pale fuliginous.
Length excl. tegm. 54 ; exp. tegm. 18 miUim.
Hah. " North India "{Brit. 21us.).
My knowledge of this species is Cunfined to the unique type.
1830. Magadha nebulosa, sp. n.
Body above and beneath piceous ; legs brownish, apices ol
femora and extreme bases of tibiae ochraceous ; teginina fuliginous,
opaque, with somewhat large fuscous spots on costal, apical, and
basal inner marginal areas, darkest to about two-thirds from base,
where the whole surface is minutely speckled with ochraceous,
the apical third a little paler, and the apical marginal veins pale
creamy-white and very distinct, the whole of the remaining vena-
tion thickly speckled with minute pale ochraceous spots ; wings
very pale fuliginous with the veins fuscous, and in some lights
exhibiting an opaline lustre ; face finely speckled with ochraceous ;
clypeus much suffused with ochraceous ; anterior femora with a
subapical ochraceous annulation.
Length excl. tegm. 4 ; exp. tegm. 15 millim.
Hah. Ceylon; Maskeliya ((rremj.
Genus TANGINA.
Tangina, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 44 (1903).
Type, T. hipunctata, Melich.
Distrihution. Ceylon.
" Head (including eyes) only slightly narrower than prouotum,
vertex as long as broad, very slightly narrowed anteriorly, rounded
off at front margin, its sides ridged ; face one and a half times as
u2
292
FULGORID^.
long as broad at tip, almost quadrangular, very little narrowed
towards vertex, directed downward, horizontal, finely keeJed at
sides and middle ; clypeus triangular, keeled at sides and middle ;
antennae placed beneath eyes, second joint almost globular ;
pronotum half as long as face, tricarinate, lateral keels curved
outward, its disk flattened ; mesouotum about four times as
long as pronotum, tricarinate ; tegmina long, parallel at sides,
posteriorly ampliate and rounded, three longitudinal veins in
corium, the innermost forked near middle, two transverse veins
near middle and several transverse veins in apical area, forming an
irregular line ; costal membrane broad ; a forked vein in clavus ;
wings small, wider than tegmina; legs simple; posterior tibiae
with a small spine before middle."' {Melicliar.)
1840. Tangina bipunctata, McVwh. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 44, t. ii,
f. 19, a, b, c (1903).
" Pale yellowish ; in front of face between the ridges two black
longitudinal streaks, and at apex of vertex near border of face
two black quadrangular spots, which are separated by the yellow
middle ridge and are sometimes
absent ; eyes brown ; face, clypeus,
and antenuffi pale yellow ; on the
thorax ai'e two broad longitudinal
brown fasciie, which run parallel
from the posterior margins of the
eyes across the pronotum and meso-
notum, but are sometimes only
slightly developed; tegmina hyaline,
somewhat yellowish, traversed by
slender yellowish veins, a large
black spot in first apical area, tlie
transvei'se veins deliminating this
area black, and preceding it in the costal membrane are two oblique
brownish streaks ; wings hyaline ; sternum pale yellowish, a lai-ge
black spot at sides of prosternum ; abdomen pale yellowish, above
and at apex beneath often orange-yellow ; legs pale yellow, apices
of spines and claws brown." (JUelichar.)
Length, c5' & $ , 5 millim.
Hah. Ceylon ; Peradeuiya (fde Meliclmr).
Fig. 139. — Tangina bi-jmnctata.
Genus KOSALYA, nov.
Type, K. flavostrigata, Dist.
Distribution. Burma.
Head narrower than pronotum ; vertex narrow, deflected, some-
what continuous with face, its margins carinate, and with a distinct
central ridge ; face longer than broad, medially slightly ampliate
and then narrowed to clypeus, laterally and centrally ridged ;
clypeus about half as long as face, with a strong central ridge, and
USANA.
1^93
with its lateral margins distiuetly acutely cariuate : pronotuui
short, very strongly angularly emarginate at base, centrally
tricariuate ; mesonotum very long, about twice as long as vertex
and pronotum together, tricarinate ; legs moderately long and
slender, posterior tibiae with two short spines, posterior tarsi with
the basal joint very long ; tegmina apically moderately widened,
distinctly ampliate behind the clavus, claval vein reaching apex,
middle basal longitudinal vein forked, two transverse veins near
central disk, and an incomplete subapical series of transverse
veins ; wings considerably wider than tegmina.
1841. Kosalya flavostrigata, sp. n.
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum pale sanguineous ; central
ridges to vertex and pronotum, eyes, and six spots to mesonotum (of
which the largest is on anterior area, divided by the central ridge)
black ; abdomen above dull castaneous ; body beneath and legs
Fig. 140. — Kosalya flavostrigata.
ochraceous ; face anteriorly moderately piceous ; apex of abdomen
beneath piceous, anal appendage black ; tegmina fuscous, the
veins darker, costal membrane and claval area flavescent ; wings
pale fuscous, the veins darker.
Length excl. tegm. 6 : exp, tegm. 18 millim.
Hah. Burma; Ruby Mines (Do/terij/).
Mr. Doherty sent me only a single specimen of this brightly
coloured species.
Genus USANA, nov.
Type, U. lineolalis, Dist.
Distribution. Tenasserim .
Head (including eyes) narrower than pronotum ; vertex strongly
tricarinate, a httle narrowed anteriorly ; face half as long again
as clypeus, a little ampliate posteriorly, centrally and laterally
carinate ; clypeus subtriangular, its lateral margins finely cariuate
and with an incomplete central ridge ; pronotum short, centrally
tricarinate, its posterior margin strongly subangularly emarginate ;
mesonotum very large, three times as long as pronotum, with
three strong discal straight carinations ; legs moderately long,
posterior tibiae with a small spine before middle, posterior tarsi
294
FULGOEID^.
with the basal joint elongate ; tegmiua moderately long and
narrow, ampliate behind clavus and at posterior margin of apical
area ; stigma long with coarse raised transverse veins, a distinct
series o£ transverse a eins a little before apical margin delimitating
the range of short apical areas, the longitudinal veins bifurcating ;
wings a little broader than tegmina.
1842. Usana lineolalis, sp. u.
Body above ferruginous - brown ; the carinae to vertex, pro-
notum, and mesonotum flavescent, those to mesonotum very slightly
margined with piceous ; abdomen with the base and segmental
margins flavescent ; eyes and spaces between the carinae of vertex
piceous ; body beneath and legs very pale ochraceous ; tegmina
Fig. 141. — TJgana lineolalis.
pale fuliginous-grey, with darker mottlings, especially on apical
area ; stigma black with six raised coarse transverse white veins,
upper half of apical margin fuscous ; wings fuliginous, the venation
fuscous.
Length excl. tegm. 4 ; exp. tegm. 14 millim.
I/ab. Tenasserim ; Myitta {Dohevty).
Mr. Doherty sent me a single specimen of this species.
The following genera and species have been described, but not
figured, by Dr. Melichar, and beiug unable to see a cotype of
either of them, I have quite failed to obtain a clear impression of
their position in the Achilince. I can, therefore, merely draw
attention to them, and trust that by the time an Appendix
appears in the next volume I may have been able, by the help of
my indefatigable friend Mr. E. E. Green, to have examined
specimens to which these descriptions refer.
Gordia oculata, Melich. Horn. Eaun. Ceylon, p. 43 (1903).
Epirama consj)erriata, Melich. torn. cit. p. 45.
Paratangia notata, marginata, etjimhriolata, Melich. torn. cit.
pp 46 & 47.
DERBIN^. 295
Subfamily VII. DERBINJE.
Derbida, Sm, Hem. Afr. iv, pp. 130 & 192 (1866).
Derbina, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1870, p. 750 ; Atkins. J. A. S.
Bencj. Iv, p. 41 (1886).
Derbidfe, Mdich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 11 (190-3).
Head (including eyes) generally narrower than the pronotum ;
clypeus with the lateral margins sometimes carinate ; apical joint
of rostrum either short or minute ; pronotum posteriorly angularly
emarginate ; clavus usually as in AcJiilince ; posterior tibiae seldom
spinose ; basal joint of posterior tarsi elongate.
These extremely fragile insects are of a homogenous character
and the subfamily is easily recognizable ; the usually narrow
vertex and face and the short apical joint of the rostrum are
characters which may be relied on, while the genex*a are well
marked and readily separated. Although in some genera con-
siderable aberrance in form from other subfamilies of the Fulgoridse
is apparent, Stal evidently exhibited his usual insight in placing
the Derhino' where he did, and I follow his arrangement.
Synopsis of Genera *.
A. Aiiteiiufe of ordinary or moderate length, not
abnormally developed.
a. Wings not more, or sometimes less, than half
the length of tegmina.
a. Mesonotuni tricarinate.
a' . Second joint of autennte only a little
longer than head.
a^. Face rounded, but not angularly,
laminately projecting.
a^. Olypeus longer than face Phenice, p. 296.
6^. Clypeus shorter than face Pamendanga,p.298.
b". Face angularly, laminately projecting. Jada, p. 299.
b' . Second joint of antenme about as long
as head and thorax together Zoraida, p. 300.
b. Mesonotum smooth, non-carinate Drona, p. 305.
b. Wings moderately ample, considerably more
than half the length of tegmina.
a. Head longiy produced in front of ej-es.
a . Head not compressed and laminately
produced beneath Intekamma, p. 306.
b' . Head compressed and strongly lami-
nately produced beneath Vivaha, p. 307.
b. Head not, or only slightly, produced in
front of eyes.
a'. Costal membrane of tegmina distinctly
arched and dilated.
* Beyond the synoptical characters liei'e given, the structural characters of
the face as delineated in the figures representing each genus may be studied
with advantage.
298 ruLGORiD.^.
a'. Tegmina with eight or nine apical
areas Kermesia, p. 308.
b'-. Tegmina with only about five apical
areas NisiA, p. 309.
b'. Costal membrane of tegmina neither
distinctly arched nor prominatelj'
dilated.
a'^. Tegmina with numerous short apical
areas continued round apex on
posterior margin of costal area .... Kamendaka, p. 310.
h'. Tegmina with apical areas moderately
long and not continued round apex
on posterior margin of costal area . Riiotana, p. 311,
B. Antennfe abnormally developed.
a. Antennae with the second joint very long
and incrassate Vinata, p. 314.
b. Antennae with the first and second joints
globose, remaining joints prominently pro-
duced and longly pectinate Devadanda, p. 315.
Genus PHENICE.
Phenice, Westiv. Tr. Linn. Soc. xix, p. 10 (1845) ; StB, Ofv. Vet-
Ak. Fork. 1856, p. 163; id. Hem. Afr. iv, pp. 193 & 195 (1866) ;
Atkim. J. A. S. Bemj. Iv, p. 41 (1886) ; Melicli. Horn. Faicn.
Ceylon, p. 54 (1903).
Assa'mia, Buckt. Ind. Mzis. Notes, iv. p. 1 (1896).
Proutista, Kirk. Entomolo(jist, 1904, p. 279.
Type, F. fritillaris, Westvv., a "West-African species.
Distribution. Ethiopian and Oriental Regions.
Head much narrower tlian the pronotura, seen from the side
more or less rounded anteriorly, shghtly compressed and narrowly
prominent in front of eyes, vertex and face very narrow ; clypeus
loDg, tricarinate ; eyes posteriorly sinuate beneath ; ocelli none ;
second joint of antenna varying in length and shape ; apical joint
of rostrum very minute ; pronotum short, posteriorly deeply
angularly emarginate ; mesonotum and pronotum finely tri-
carinate ; tegmina elongate, gradually amplified from base to
middle, thence somewhat convex, and again narrowed upward,
much longer than the wings; clavus short; radial vein forked,
uhiar vein emitting inwardly obHque longitudinal branches
towards the commissural margin, these branches united by a
transverse vein ; legs slender, posterior tibiae sometimes spinose.
Kirkaldy (supra) has proposed a new name {Proutista) for a
A^■e]l-known synonym, Assamia, Buckt,
1843, Phenice moesta, Wesfw. (Derbe (Phenice)) A. M. N. H. (2) vii,
p. 209 (1851) ; Stal (Phenice), Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1870, p. 750 ;
Atkins. J. A. S. Benq. Iv, p. 41 (1880) ; Melich. Hojn. Faun.
Ceylon, p. 54, t. ii, f.'ll (1903).
Assamia dentata, Buckt. Ind. Mus. Notes, iv, p. 1, t. i (1896).
Body black ; vertex of head and face, central carina to clypeus,
PHENICB. 297
eyes, autennse, central fascia to pronotum, carinas to mesonotum,
posterior margin of metauotum, central maculate fascia to abdomen
above, anal appendage, rostrum, and legs stramineous ; tegmina
black, with paler greyisli -white spots, consisting of a somewhat
continuous series on costal area, two prominent on apical margin,
and the largest in oblique discal series; wings fuliginous, the
venation fuscous.
Fig. 142. — Fl/cmce rnoesta.
Length exel. tegm. 2h to 3 ; exp. tegm. 13| to 14 miHim.
Hah. Assam ; Dibrugarb {fide Bucldon). Bombay {CoU. Dist.).
Ceylon {Ycrhury) ; Puttalam, Minikoi (Green).
The Kev. C. Dowding, of Dibrugarb, Assam, found this insect
in considerable numbers on the underside of the leaves of a kind
of palm-tree. Mr. Green has also recorded it as frequenting the
leaves of a sycamore in Ceylon.
1844. Phenice superlja, sp. n.
Head, thorax above, sternum, and legs brownish-ochraceous,
the latter two a little paler ; abdomen sanguineous ; tegmina
fuliginous, the venation sanguineous, the costal, apical, and inner
margins ornamented with larger irregularly-shaped greyish-white
spots, basal area a little paler ; wings pale fuliginous, the venation
fuscous ; body somewhat convexly gibbous ; mesonotal carina)
distinct ; clypeus strongly tricarinate ; rostrum robust, its apical
joint minute and piceous ; antennte with the second joint long,
roundly incrassate, pale ochraceous, granulate on basal area ; legs
more or less deeply longitudinall}'' grooved.
Length excL tegm. 5 ; esp. tegm. 26 millim.
Hab. Assam ; Khusi Hills (Brit. 2Ius.).
1845. Phenice piuictativentris, Kirb,/, J. Linn. Soc, Zool. xxiv,
p. 144, t. V. f. (1891); Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 55
(1903).
Vertex of head more or less pale virescent, eyes brown ;
pronotum and mesonotum very pale dull ochraceous ; abdomen
pale testaceous, with a double series of black spots on each side
of its upper surface ; body beneath and legs very pale dull ochra-
ceous ; tegmina semihyaline, a broad longitudinal subcostal fascia
298 ruLGOEiD^.
posteriorly margined with well separated ray-like linear spots,
elongate marginal suffusions on posterior margin, some small
apical marginal spots, and a series of obliquely transverse diseal
spots pale fuscous-brown ; wings pale fuliginous, semihyaline, the
venation fuscous ; the narrow face is very strongly longitudinally
ridged between the eyes ; central cariuation to clypeus robustly
prominent ; second joint of antennae robust, somewhat long and
cylindrical, stramineous ; tegmina with the inner margin straight,
and gradually ampliate to about middle, whence it is distinctly
convexly ampliate to lower apical angle ; costal membrane broad,
M'ith what appear to be one or two transverse veins before middle.
Length excl. tegm, 3 ; exp. tegm. 13 to 14 millim.
Hah. Ceylon ; Pundaluoya {Green).
1846, Phenice furcato-vittata, StM (Derbe), Ofv. Vef.-Ak. Fork.
1855, p. 191 ; id. (Pheuice) torn. cit. 1856, p. 163 ; Motsch.
(Derbe) Bull Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1863, p. 113 ; Meh'ch. Horn.
Faun. Ceylon, p. 65 (1903).
" Fuscous, narrow face and the legs flavous ; tegmina white,
hyaline, apex subglaucous, a fuscous bifurcate vitta at apex,
medially emitting a ramus ; wings fuscous ; abdomen fulvescent."
{StaX.)
Length of body 4 ; exp. tegm. 13 millim.
Hah. Cevlon {fide Motsclwulslcy). — Java {Stdl).
Neither Kirby, Melichar, nor myself have seen a Ceylonese
example of this species, and it is included in this enumeration
solely on the authority of Motschoulsky.
Genus PAMENDANGA, nov.
Type, P. ruhilinea, Dist.
Histrihution. Tenasserim.
Head (including eyes) very much narrower thanpronotum; vertex
narrow, triangular, widened posteriorly, its apex a little prominent ;
face narrow, laminate, convex, centrally carinate ; clypeus shorter
than face, centrally strongly carinate ; antennae inserted beneath
eyes, second joint moderately long and incrassate ; pronotum very
narrow and very strongly angularly eraarginate postei'iorly,
centrally longitudinally and laterally transversely carinate ; meso-
notum large, tricarinate ; legs long and slender, posterior tarsi
with the basal joint moderately thickened ; tegmina broadened
before middle, a little convexly narrowed to apex, which is truncate,
costal membrane with indistinct obliquely transverse veins, a
broken series of diseal transverse veins in longitudinal sequence,
apex of costal margin and upper half of apical margin with
ol3liquely transverse veins ; wings moderately long and narrow.
Allied to Jada, from which it differs by the much less and
conically produced face, broader tegmina and wings, the latter
also shorter.
JADA. 299
1847. Pamendanga rubilinea, sp. n.
Body and legs pale ocbraceous ; a curved fascia on underside of
eyes ; disk of sternum and abdomen beneath more or less suffused
with dark castaneous ; tegmina semihyaline, venation brownish,
in some places like the transverse veins fuscous, some irregular
fuscous suffusions, which are most prominent at base, lower
medial urea, in radial and beyond radial ai-ea, centi'e of lower
Fig. 143. — Pamendanga ruhilinca.
postcostal vein bright carmine-red ; wings semihyaline, more or
less suffused with fuscous, palely on apical area, aud deeply fasciate
on anal area. In some, perhaps fresher, specimens the pronotum
and posterior angle of mesonotum are virescent and the basal area
of the abdomen stramineous ; on the costal margin of tegmina
beyond middle there are five minute carmine-red spots.
Length excl. tegm. 4 ; exp. tegm. 16| millim.
Hah. Tenasseriiu ; Myitta {Doherty).
Genus JADA, nov.
Type, J. nitagalensis, Kirby.
Distribution. Ceylon.
Head (including eyes) considerably narrower than pronotum ;
vertex very narrow, produced and curved do\^nward considerably
in front of eyes, its central area sulcate ; face laminately angularly
projecting ; clypeus large, tricarinate ; antennae inserted beneath
the eyes, seconcl joint of moderate length, robust ; pronotum about
as long as eyes, posteriorly strongly subangularly emarginate,
obsoletely tricarinate ; mesonotum large, convex, strongly tri-
carinate ; legs moderately long and slender, posterior tibiae with a
single spine, posterior tarsi with the basal joint very long ; tegmina
strongly subangularly sinuate before middle of costal margin at apex
of costal membrane, which is somewhat abruptly discontinuous,
the postcostal area much ampliated towards apex and containing
three transverse veins, the first short and slightly oblique, the outer
two longitudinally curved, the upper longitudinal vein with a trans-
verse vein above at a little beyond middle, and beneath emitting
long, curved, oblique veins to posterior margin, about two trans-
verse veins on disk, and about the same number beyond radial
area ; wings nearly half as long as tegmina.
300
FULGORTDiE.
1848. Jada nitagalensis, Kirby (Derbe?), J". Linn. Soc, Zool xxiv,
p. 142, t. V. f. 3 (1891).
Tawny-yellow; A'ertex of head, thoracic carinations, and face
nearly pure white ; apices of the tarsi black ; tegmina pale tawny-
brown, the veins yellow with whitish semihyaline spots or fascise,
one oceu])yiug nearly the whoh? area of costal membrane, three in
Pig. 114. — Jada iiiiai/a/cjisis.
postcostal area, one beneath costal membrane and another beneath
base of postcostal area, and about twelve others of various sizes
scattered from base to apex ; wings semihyaline, the venation
broadly tawny-yellow.
Length excl. tegui. 4 ; exp. tegm. 18 miilim.
Bab. Ceylon (Ycrh 11 ri/); Nitagaia {Gree:i).
Dr. Melichar (Horn. Faun. Ceylon, t. ii, f. 14) has figured a
species as Thracla nitagalensis, Kirby, which is neither congeneric
nor conspecific with Kirby's species.
Genus ZORAIDA.
Thracia, Westiv. Tr. L. S. xix, p. 10 (1842) ; Melich. Horn. Faun.
Ceylon, p. 55 (1903), nom. prseocc. (Moll.).
Zoraida, Kirk. Entomologist, 1900, j). 242, n. uom.
Type, Z. sinuosa, Westw., a West-African species.
Distribution. Ethiopian and Oriental Kegions.
Head much narrower than pronotum, vertex triangularly narrow
between the eyes : face linear, narrow ; clypeus long, tricarinate ;
eyes moderately sinuate beneath ; antennae with the second joint
very long ; apical joint of rostrum minute ; pronotum short, tricari-
nate, the lateral carinse obsolete ; mesonotum obscurely tricarinate ;
legs slender, posterior tibia3 with a distinct spine ; tegmina elon-
gate, their apices truncate, a little sinuate at posterior margins,
clavus short, the obliquely transverse veins divided by a longi-
tudinal discal series of eight transverse veins, thus demarcating
twelve or thirteen apical areas ; Mings very short.
1849. Zoraida pterophoroides, Westto. (Derbe (Thracia)) A. M. N. H.
(2) vii, p. 210 (1851); Melich. (Thracia) Horn. Faun. Ceylon,
p. m (1903).
Head, thorax, and legs very pale ochraceous ; anterior femora
somewhat testaceous ; abdomen whitish on basal, pale ochraceous
ZOEAIDA.
301
on apical area, more or less infiiscate on lateral areas ; tegmina
pale semihyaline, the costal area widening a little before apex,
basal suffusion, the discal transverse veins,' and some small spots
Fig. 145. — Zoraida pterojjhorolde-i.
near apices of longitudinal veins at apical margin fuliginous-
brown, remaining venation a little paler brown ; wings subhyaliue,
the venation very pale brown.
Length excl. tegm. 4| to 5 ; exp. tegm. 26 millim.
Hah. Kangra Valley (Dudr/eon). Ceylon; Vevademya (Gnen).
Upper Burma ; Katha {B'mgham).
1850. Zoraida cumulata. Walk. (Thraciaj ,/. Linn. Soc, Zool. x, p. 139
(1868) ; Melicli. Horn. Faun. Ceijlon, p. 56 (1903).
Body above dark tawny-brown, the thoracic carinations flaves-
cent; body beneath and legs ochraceous ; eyes black; tegmina
pale fuscous, the costal and apical areas greyish, with numerous
small fuscous spots, and with a large subelongate fuscous spot at
apex of costal area, all the veins minutely spotted with fuscous,
the posterior margin alternately grey and dark fuscous, some of
the grey interspaces minutely spotted with fuscous, a linear vein-
like fascia commencing near base, obhquely extending to posterior
margin at about one-third from base, and then obliquely, out-
wardly, upwardly recurved to near middle of tegmen, piceous ;
wings absent in specimen described, but, according to A¥alker,
"brownish, less than half the length of the tegmina"; antennae
with the second joint incrassate, long, and prominent ; tegmina
long and narrow, widened from before middle to apex, which
is truncate, the anterior and posterior margins subparallel.
Length excl. tegm. 5| ; exp. tegm. 27 millim.
Hah. Ceylon ; ICaudy and J^fawalapitya (Green). — Amboina,
Bouru.
1851. Zoraida ceylonica, Kirby (Thracia), J. Linn. Soc, Zool. xxiv,
p. 143 (1891) ; Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 56 (1903).
Vertex of head stramineous ; pro- and mesonota pale dull
ochraceous ; sternum and legs ochraceous, lateral areas of pro-
sterna greyish-white ; abdomen testaceous, more or less piceous
302 FULGORID.T.
at base and apex ; tegmiaa very pale fuliginous, semihyaline, the
Aenation pale fuscous ; costal membrane and postcostal area red,
pale ocbraceous for a short distance at a little beyond base, apical
margin fuscous, with the apices of the veins ocbraceous, the veins
of the upper apical area i*ed, a fuscous spot at the bases of
the upper two apical areas, and another fuscous spot beneath
about middle of costal area ; wings very small, fuliginous, sub-
liyaline, the venation and the apex fuscous ; the narrow face
strongly ridged between eyes ; central cai'ination to clypeus
prominent ; second joint of antenna? very long, moderately in-
crassate, pale ocbraceous, testaceously granulate ; tegmina broadly
ampliate on posterior margin at about one-third from base, their
apical margins truncate.
Length excl. tegm. 4; exp. tegm. 26 to 27 millim.
Hob. Ceylon {Yerhury Sf Green).
As Mr. Kirby remarked, this species is allied to Z. ephemeralis.
Walk., from New Guinea ; I have also another allied species from
Borneo.
1852. Zoraida lankana, Kirby (Thracia), J. Linn. Soc, Zool. xxiv,
p. 143 (1891) ; Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 57 (1903).
Head and mesonotum brownish-ochraceous ; pronotum stra-
mineous ; abdomen above and body beneath and legs brownish-
ochraceous ; abdomen above with lateral brown spots, anal
segment more or less bright red ; tegmina semihyaline, the vena-
tion fuscous-brown, costal vein red, costal area ocbraceous and
from about end of basal third to apex containing a series of pro-
minent brown spots, apices of the veins at apical and posterior
margins minutely infuscate, and the same remark applies to the
bases of the veins beneath the costal membrane, the obliquely
transverse discal veins and those at apex of radial area also
moderately infuscate, and a fuscous spot at apex of claval area ;
Avings very short and small, very pale fuHginous, the veins darker;
second joint of antennae very long, ocbraceous, slightly incrassate
at apex, where it is distinctly red, and the whole very finely and
minutely speckled with red ; carinse to face and clypeus very dis-
tinct ; tegmina distinctly finely serrate on basal third of costal
margin.
Length excl. tegm. 4 ; exp. tegm. 22 to 25 millim.
Hah. Ceylon ; Nawalapitya ( Qreen).
1853. Zoraida rufivena, sp. n.
Body above tawny-grey, beneath with legs very pale ocbraceous ;
margins of vertex, cai-inations to mesonotum (of which the two
outermost are outwardly curved and do not reacli anterior margin),
posterior margin of mesonotum, and a central longitudinal line to
abdomen above greyish ; upper surface of abdomen near middle
obscurely suffused with piceous ; tegmina greyish subhyaline
ZOEAIDA. 303
tinged with pale brownish between the veins, which are red and
somewhat closely spotted with pale fuscous, costal area with small
closely arranged fuscous spots extending beyond middle, after
which there is an elongate piceous spot, and an elongately oblique
subcostal piceous spot a little before apex, posterior margin from
about one-third from base greyish with pale fuscous spots, apical
margin with two transverse series of small fuscous spots, those of
the inner series minute and placed close together, the transverse
discal veins and an oblique discal line before middle piceous,
extreme edge of basal costal margin greyish-white ; wings short,
pale fuliginous, the veins fuscous ; second joint of antennae
moderately long, robust, dull ochraceous.
Length excl. tegra. 4 ; exp. tegm. 20 millim.
Hab. Ceylon; Perandeniya (ft-eew).
1854. Zoraida obsoleta, Kivby (Thracia?), J. Linn. Soc, Zool. xxiv,
p. 144, t. Y, f. 7 (1891) ; Melich. (Thracia) Horn. Faun. Ceylon,
p. 57 (1903).
Body above dark fuscous-brown ; body beneath and legs ochra-
ceous ; tegmina and wings pale semihyaliue, bases of both fuscous-
brown, tegmina with a prominent piceous spot near end of claval
area ; eyes fuscous-brown ; thoracic carinations somewhat slight ;
tegmina broadened at about one-fourth from base and moderately
ampliated to apex, the posterior margin very slightly convex, the
apical margin truncate ; wings very short, not reaching anal angle
of tegmina.
Length excl. tegm. 4 ; exp. tegm. 24 millim.
Hah. Ceylon; Pundaluoya, Maskeliya (Gree/i).
1855. Zoraida motschoulskyi, sp. n.
Vertex of head and thorax above very pale luteous, eyes
browuish-ochraceous ; abdomen above castaneous, its base and disk
stramineous, the anal appendage testaceous ; body beneath and
legs stramineous ; tegmina and wings subhyaline, venation stra-
mineous ; tegmina with the costal area stramineous, and near apex
exhibiting a piceous bifurcating venal spot, to which is attached,
and of the same coloiir, the transverse vein at the base of the
adjoining apical area, a piceous spot near middle of anal margin ;
second joint of antennae ver}^ long, its apex inf uscate ; mesonotum
obsoletely tricarinate ; vertex of head somewhat triangular ; teg-
mina ampliated at about one-third from base, their apices ti-uncate ;
wings short, almost reaching apex of anal angle.
Length excl. tegm. 4 ; exp. tegm. 24 millim.
Hah. Ceylon, Maskeliya {Green).
1856. Zoraida gilva, sp. n.
Body above fulvous-brown, apex of abdomen ochraceous ; body
beneath, antennae, and legs pale stramineous ; tegmina and wings
semihyaline, the venation very pale ochraceous, tegmina w-ith a
304 fulgorid.t:.
small black spot near apex of claval area ; antennae with the
second joint very long, pale ochraceous, stramineous at base ; eyes
fulvous-brown ; thorax above somewhat pale, the anterior lateral
margins testaceous, the disk fulvous ; tegraina broadened at about
one-fourth from base and ampliate towards apex, which is sub-
truncate ; wings short, about reaching anal angle of tegmina.
Length excl. tegm. 3| ; exp. tegn). 24 millim.
Hah. Ceylon ; Bogawantala^a {Green).
18.57. Zoraida egregia, Mdich. (Thracia) Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. o8,
t. ii, f. 18, a (1903).
" Body rusty-yellow : head and eyes distinctly narrower than
prouotum ; vertex and face whitish-yellou- ; clypeus broader than
face, longly triangular, convex, tricarinate ; eyes black ; prouotum
in middle very narrowly and on the sides more broadly pale
yellow ; mesonotum convex, a little longer than broad, rusty-
yellow, above and covering the three longitudinal ridges are three
lougitudinal white fascite, sometimes the lateral margins are also
whitish ; tegmina very long, narrow, rounded at apices, hyaline,
of a yellowish colour, veins thickened and rusty-yello\\', the outer-
most longitudinal vein forked before middle, the branches parallel,
enclosing a long narrow cell, the outer branch sending several
oblique white transverse veins to costal vein, which is also white,
the inner fork running bifurcately into the apical tip, and emitting
before this two branches to costal margin, the second longitudinal
vein runs parallel with the first to apical margin, \A'ith the inner
fork of which it is connected about the middle of tegmen by a
strong, short, brown-bordered transverse vein, from this lougi-
tudinal vein several branches run obliquel}" across the corium to
the margins of the wings and are connected with brown-bordered
cross-veins ; a forked vein in clavus ; wings small ; abdomen
rusty -brown, margins of dorsal segments rusty-yellow, two distinct
black spots on the fourth dorsal segment near posterior margin ;
thorax and legs pale yellow ; posterior tibiae with one small spine."
{Melicltar.')
Length 9; esp. tegm. IG millim.
Hah. Ceylon ; Henaratgoda {fide 3Ielichar).
I have no personal knowledge of this species,
1858. Zoraida ficta, sp. n.
Thracia nitacraleiisis, Melich. {nee Kirby) Horn. Faun. Ceylon,
p. 59, t. ii, f. 14 (1903).
The species described and figured by Dr. Melichar as T. nitagal-
ensis, Kirby, is apparently a true Zoraida, and represents a species
allied to Z. cunndata, Walk., from ^^•hich it appears to be princi-
pally distinguished by a series of dark spots for more tbau half
the length of the costal area, and by two large transverse dark
spots on the apical area.
Length, $ , 14 ; exp. tegm. 23 millim. {fide Melichar).
Hah. Cevlon.
DKONA. 305
The species is said to be founded on a single example contained
in the Colombo Museum, and I defer describing it till a specimen
has reached my hands.
Genus DRONA, nov.
Type, D. caniosa, AVestw.
Distribution. Oriental Region.
Head much narrower than prouotum ; vertex elongate, narrow,
laterally strongly ridged between eyes and distinctly projecting
beyond them ; face very narrow and laterally ridged ; clypeus
large, tricarinate, the lateral carinoe somewhat obscure ; rostrum
robust, the apical joint minute ; pronotum narrow, posteriorly
strongly subaugularly emarginate ; mesonotum large, moderately
convex, neither pronotum nor mesonotum carinated ; abdomen in
the male furnished apically with a pair of long, forceps-like, anal
appendages ; legs of moderate length, more or less distinctly
longitudinally grooved, posterior tibiae nob spined ; tegmina long,
ample, obliquely narrowed at inner margin from about middle to
base, apical margin truncate, costal membrane with an oblique
transverse vein near middle ; upper ulnar area very long, ex-
tending from radial area to near apex, with a transverse vein near
middle and five short veins on and around its apical margin,
beneath it a longitudinal series of obliquely transverse veins, the
apical areas long ; wings very short and narrow.
1859. Drona carnosa, JTesiJ^i;. (Derbe (Phenice?)) A.M.N.H. (2)
vii, p. 210 (1851) ; Atkins. (Pbenice) J. A. S. Beng. Iv, p. 42
(1886).
Head, thorax, and legs testaceous-red, tibiae and tarsi more
or less infuscate ; abdomen shining black ; tegmina very pale
t
Fig. 146. — Brona eariiosa.
fuliginous-hyaline, extreme base and costal membrane pale
ochraceous, the latter with its margins prominently piceous ;
venation piceous ; wings hyaline, the posterior margins fuscous.
Length excl. tegm. 3.^ ; exp. tegm. 20 to 21 millim.
Hah. "North India "' (5ri^. Mus.).
The type or a cotype of this species, labelled by the late
Prof. Westwood, is in the British Museum, and from it the
VOL. III. X
306 TVLGOniDJE.
above figure has been made. The only variable character I have
observed is in the colour of the prominent anal appendages, which
are either totally black, or testaceous with their apices black.
1860. Drona pennata, sp. n.
Body and legs flavescent ; face as seen between eyes san-
guineous ; abdomen beneath with three prominent basal black
spots (one central and one on each lateral margin) ; eyes piceous ;
tegmina semihj'aline, the venation flavescent, basal third of
extreme costal margin and apical third of inner margin to costal
area fuscous, the apical half of costal area flavescent ; wings
semihyaline, base orange-yellow with, a posterior black spot, apical
t\\o-thirds semihyaline, with the posterior margin and an oblique
discal fascia fuscous.
Length excl. tegm. 3 ; exp. tegm. 14 millim.
Hah. Tenasseriiii ; Myitta (DoJierti/).
Of this distinct and beautifully marked species I possess only
one specimen, and that in somewhat inditt'ex-ent condition ; I can,
therefore, only describe the colour-characters.
Genus INTERAMMA.
Interamma, Walk. J. Linn. Soc, ZooL x, p. 118 (1867) ; Melich.
Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 60 (1903).
Type, /. ascendent, Walk., from the Island of Morty.
Bistrihution. Oriental and Malayan Eegions.
" Body slender ; head cultriform or extremely compressed and
dilated vertically, as long as the thorax, with two edges above
and with one edge beneath; eyes prominent ; antennae cylindrical,
more than half the lengtli of the head, forked at the base, third
ioint very shoi't; pronotum short, arched; mesonotum not keeled ;
legs short, slender ; tegmina and wings narrow ; tegmina with an
irregidar submarginal line of transverse veins." (Walker.)
I have only copied Walker's short and imperfect generic
diagnosis, because I believe more than one genus is included in
the species he enumerated. The two specimens of the Ceylonese
species here included are mutilated in the cephalic process, A^hich
prevents exact generic identification, and I have therefore followed
Melichar in regarding the species as belonging to the genus
Interamma,
1861. Interamma I'ubrofasciata, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 61,
t. ii, f. 8 (1903).
Dark stramineous ; head and pronotum much suffused with
sanguineous ; mesonotum with the lateral margins and three
central longitudinal fascise sanguineous ; tegmina with the base
of costal margin, the posterior margin, an ii-regularly oblique
TIVAHA.
30:
transverse fascia before middle commeuciug beneath the costal
membrane, and the apical area (obliquely rounded to apex)
sanguineous ; in some specimens the apical area is subhyaline,
with its margins and venation
:'; sanguineous, in others the inter-
cellular spaces are fuscous-brown ;
tegmina with three prominent
longitudinal veins, of which the
upper and lower are bifurcate,
the apical area with numerous
transverse veins, forminga number
1 of somewhat small cellular areas,
of which about the upper apical
four are longitudinal, followed
by six medial oblique areas, and
again by about five posterior,
marginal, shorter, and moderately
Fig. U7.—Liferamma ruhrofasciata. oWique areas, the costal margin is
distinctly concavely emarginate
before apex; wings creamy-white, the venation somewhat pro-
minent.
Length with tegm. 12 millim.
Hah. Ceylon; Kandy (G^r^m).
Genus VIVAHA, nov.
Type, V. facicdis, Dist.
Distribution. Oriental Eegion. *
Head (including eyes) much narrower than pronotum, the vertex
longly produced in front of eyes into a broadly laminate process,
very narrow and centrally sulcata above, laterally very broad and
flattened, its apex rounded, its margins carinate, face small and
marginally carinate ; rostrum mutilated in the two specimens
available for description ; pronotum very short, basally deeply
angularly emarginate; mesonotum tricarinate ; legs moderatelv
long and slender ; tegmina considerably ampliated towards apex,
the costal margin a little convex, the apical margin truncate, a
little obliquely angulate anteriorly and posteriorly, the posterior
margin concavely sinuate before the commencement of the apical
area, the lower longitudinal vein furcate beyond its middle,
oblique veins on lower half of apical area separating five distinct,
long, oblique, cellular areas, followed by about four shorter ones,
there are also four apical marginal areas ; ^^•ings shorter and a
little narrower than tegmina.
This genus is founded on the examination of two specimens,
both of which, as regards the condition of face and clypeus, leave
much to be desired. The extraordinary cephalic process is its
principal distinctive character.
x2
308
FULGORTD.i:.
1862. Vivaha facialis, s]). n.
Head ochraceous, its vertex and margins testaceous-red; thorax
tjstaceous-red ; abdomen and legs stramineous ; tegmina flaves-
eent, a narrow' linear basal fascia, a broader oblique fascia near
Fig. 148. — Vivaha facialis.
middle, posterior margin, and the apical venation more or less
purplish-red, the apical cellular areas somewhat vitreous ; wings
pale creamy-hyaline.
Length excl. tegm. 5 to 6 ; exp. tegm. 16 millim.
Hab. Andaman Islands {Brit. Mus.). Tenasserim ; Myitta
(Doherty).
Genus KERMESIA.
Kermesia, Melich. Horn, Faun. Ceylon, p. 52 (1903).
Type, K. albida, Melich.
Distribution. Ceylon.
Head (including eyes) narrower than pronotum ; vertex and
face continuous, their lateral margins strongly cariuate and parallel
to clypeus which is strongly centrally ridged ; rostrum with the
apical joint minute ; pronotum narrow, with all its margins
strongly ridged and with a strong central cariuation ; mesonotum
somewhat obscurely tricarinate, the carinations confined to the
anterior area; legs of moderate length, posterior tibiae with a
single spine ; tegmina short and broad, apically ampliated, the
costal margin somewhat strongly sinuate, costal membrane broad
with a single transverse vein, two series of transverse veins, the
first before middle connecting the longitudinal veins, the second
deliminating eight or nine apical areas ; wings a little narrower
than tegmina.
A genus to be easily recognized by the shape and venation of
the tegmina.
1863. Kermesia albida, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. o3, t. i,
f. 14, a, b (1903).
Body and legs pale tawny, abdomen more or less cretaceously
KISIA.
309
tomentose; tegmina and wings creamy-\^ hite ; tegmiiia much
wrinkled, radial and claval veins thickened and prominent; apices
o£ tarsi infuscate.
Length excl. tegm. 3 ; exp. tegm. 13 millim.
Hah. Ceylon; Peradeniya (G^iren).
Genus NISI A.
Nisia, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 53 (1903).
Type, N. atrovenosa, Leth.
Distribution. Oriental Region.
Dr. Melichar diagnoses this genus as follows : — " Similar ^to
Kermesia by structure of head, but especiall}^ differs by the
narrower tegmina and by the direction of the strongly prominent
and thickened veins in the apical area, which number only five,,
and of which the second and fourth are forked ; in Kermesia
these veins are always eight or nine, partly simple and partly
forked terminal veins ; other characters as in Kermesia."
Of the above characters, from the material before me, I cannot
describe the fourth apical vein of the tegmina as forked, at least
in the specimen I identify and figure as N. atrovenosa, Leth.,
which Melichar gives as the type of his genus.
1864. Nisia atrovenosa, Leth. (Meenoplus) Ann. Mus. Genov. xxvi,
p. 466 (1888) ; Melich. (Nisia) Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 53
(1903).
Body and legs very pale ochraceous ; vertex of head with the
carinse piceous and very finely grauulose, the space between them
Fiij. 150. — Nisia airovcnosa.
profoundly concave ; lateral carinate margins of face piceous :
tegmina greyish with a slight ochraceous tint, the venation
310 rULGOEID.E.
piceous, the central trausverse veins on apical area distinctly
cretaceous, the exterual suture to clavus arcuate and distinctly
granulose ; wings creamy-white, the venation darker ; tegmina
with the first and second apical veins bifurcating, the other apical
veins simple.
Length excl. tegm. 2 ; exp. tegm. 8,4 millim.
Hah. Trincomalee {ficU Melichar). Ceylon, Peradeniya (Green).
— Nias Islands,
1865. Nisia albovenosa, sp. n.
Head and pronotum very pale ochraceous ; mesouotum pale
castaneous-brown, the carinations and posterior margins flaves-
cent or very pale ochraceous ; abdomen pale castaneous-brown,
discally more or less suffused with cretaceous pile; face greyishly-
flavescent ; clypeus and legs very pale ochraceous ; sternum pale
bro\^nish, abdomen beneath piceous-bro\^n ; tegmina with the
venation white, the cellular areas pale brown with whitish spots,
these spots being most promineut on apical margin and discal
area, the basal areas nearly totally white, the external claval
suture white and. granulose, followed by two curved fuscous-
brown linear fascia, their interspace tlaveseent ; wings creamy-
wliite, the venation darker ; apical area of tegmina with three
series of bifurcate veins, thus bringing up the number to six
instead of five * ; costal membrane broad.
Length excl. tegm. 2i ; exp. tegm. 9 millim.
Hah. Ceylon ; Pundaluoya (Green).
Genus KAMENDAKA, nov.
Type, K. spectra, Dist.
Distribution. Ceylon.
Head (including eyes) very much narrower than pronotum ;
vei'tex projecting beyond the eyes, souiewhat flat, conically
rounded anteriorly, and at the apex the upper margins of the
face appear as two angulations, its base angularly emargiuate ;
face as seen beneath the flattened vertex very narrow to between
eyes and then broadened to clypeus, which is a little convex,
apical joint of rostrum minute ; pronotum very narrow, strongly
centrally angulate ; mesouotum large, more than four times
longer than pronotum, very obsoletely carinate ; legs moderately
long, posterior tibiae not spined, basal joint of posterior tarsi
elongate; tegmina elongate, its margins parallel, the apex ob-
tusely angulate, the apical margin oblique, the longitudinal veins
bifurcating posteriorly and delimitating, a number of irregularly
shaped subapical areas, a regular series of transverse veins before
apical margin defining numerous short apical areas, some trans-
verse veins beyond middle of costal membrane ; wings ample,
only a little shorter and slightly broader than tegmina.
* Generic divisions in these Honioptera most not be based on too rigid
characters in venation.
EIIOTA^^\.
311
1866. Kamendaka spectra, sp. n.
Body and legs very pale dull llaveseent, above cretaceously
tomentose in fi-esh specimens, frequently with the toraentosity
rubbed, and then appearing as ochraceous ; tegmina creamy-
white, opaque, with two very pale fuscous-brown transverse
Fig. 151. — Kuiiiradalai spectra.
fasciae, the first near middle, the other subapical, a more distinct
small fuscous spot at about centre of posterior margin, the
extreme apical margin slightly infuscate ; wings creamy-white,
unspotted, the veins very slightly yellowish.
Length excl. tegm, 3 ; exp. tegm. 11 to 12 millim.
Hah. Ceylon; Maskeliya (Green).
1867. Kamendaka fuscofasciata, sp. u.
Body and legs pale ochraceous ; vertex of head tomentosely
white with dark fuscous lateral fasciae united with eyes which are
of the same colour ; mesonotum with broad fuscous lateral fasciae,
its posterior angle greyish ; tegmina semi-opaque, cretaceous-white,
with a bi'oad longitudinal slaty-brown fascia extending from base
to apex, and situate much nearer to the posterior than to the
anterior margin, apex with two small black spots ; wings creamy-
white, a little iridescent.
Length excl. tegm. 2| ; exp. tegm. 10 millim.
Hah. Ceylon ; Maskeliya {Oreen).
Genus RHOTANA.
Rhotaua, Walk. J. Linn. Soc, Zool. \, p. 160 (1857) ; Melich. Horn.
Faun. Ceylon, p. 61 (1903).
Genestia, Stdl, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1858, p. 450.
Type, R. latipennis, Walk., from Borneo *.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
Head (including eyes) much narrower than pronotum ; vertex
* This species is wrongly numbered on Walker's plate (J. Linn. Soc, Zool. i,
t. -viii, 1857). In his description of the plate he refers the species to fig. 2,
whereas it is represented by Cg. 1.
312
FULGOBID^Ti.
narrow, triangular, its margins strongly carinate and continuous
with the narro\^■ frontal edge of the much laminately compressed
produced face, the carinate margins of which are widely divergent
posteriorly ; clypeus long, the margins strongly ridged ; rostrum
robust, somewhat short, the apical joint minute ; pronotum narrow,
tricarinate, its lateral angles angularly produced, its posterior
margin strongly angularly emarginate ; mesonotum somewhat
obscurely tricarinate : legs of moderate length, basal joint of poste-
rior tarsi elongate ; teginina ampliated to apex which is angularly
truncate, the costal membrane dilated and a little arched, upper
apical veins bifurcate near extremities, radial area very short and
broad with a transverse vein before its apex, middle longitudinal
vein centrally and obliquely transversely bifurcating ; wings mode-
rately long, but narrower than tegmina.
A. Winr/s Sj^otted ivitli hlacl:.
1868. Ehotana fuscofasciata, sp. n.
Body and legs very pale tawny-yellow, above more or less
cretaceously tomentose, apical area of abdomen beneath infuscate ;
eyes piceous-broun ; tegmina subhyaline, talc-like, Avith iridescent
lustre, the venation flavescent, becoming pale fuscous towards
apex ; three large irregularly shaped spots in costal membrane,
some varied suffusions on basal half, and a curved and waved
Fig. 152. — Uliotana fuseofasciata.
fascia extending from apex to posterior margin at about two-thirds
from base, very pale fuscous ; upper apical veins sanguineous ;
wings hyaline, with a large and small black spot placed close
together near middle of posterior margin ; a very slight and sub-
obsolete pale fuscous suffusion on disk.
Length excl. tegm. 3^ ; exp. tegm, 14 millim.
Hah. Ceylon ; Maskeliya {Green).
1869. Ehotana trimaculata, sp. u.
Body and legs pale ochraceous, mesonotum (excluding the carina-
tions) infuscate ; tegmina subhyaline, talc-like ; costal membrane,
basal area continued along posterior margin and connected with
EHOTANA. 313
costa at end of radial area and with apex by means of a transverse
.subapical fascia, flavescent, apical margin slaty-grey ; A\ings pale
greyish-brown, three transverse gre} ish-white spots on anal area
and three prominent black spots at apex of anal area posteriorly
flavescently margined.
Length excl. tegm. 3| ; exp. tegm. 14 millim.
Hah. Ceylon ; Calboda {Green),
A single specimen of this distinct species has been sent me
by my very helpful friend Mr. E. E. Green, to whom the
elucidation of this entomological fauna is so much indebted.
Minute structural characters, such as appertain to species, in
these delicate and fragile insects are scarcely to be described
without the examination of a series of specimens.
B. Wings unsj^otted.
1870. Rhotana vitriceps, StSl (Genestia,), Of v. Vet.-Ak. FdrhASoS,
p. 450 ; Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 02, t. iii, f. 9, a (1903).
" White, mesonotum (excluding carinse) and veins to tegmina
fuscous, areolae to veins moderately infuscate ; costa medially
whitely farinose." (Stdl.)
Length, S,3; exp. tegm. 12 millim.
Hab. Ceylon (Jlde Stdl).
I have not seen this species, and have given StaFs description.
Melichar's figure hardly conforms to this diagnosis, and it seems
that either one or the other of these authors has been a little
inexact.
1871. Rhotana iridipennis, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 62 (1903).
" Similar to E. vitriceps., Stal ; body pale reddish ; eyes brown ;
tegmina hyaline, glassy, strongly rainbow-like, iridescent, nervures
yellow to reddish-yellow, in places dark yellow, transverse nervures
faintly margined with brownish, the veins and margins are dull so
that they strongly project from the iridescent cells ; apical margin
extremely finely margined with red ; abdomen and legs reddisb-
yellow." {Melichar.)
Length, " $ , 5 millim."
Hah. Ceylon (Nietner, Berlin litis.).
I only know this species from the above description.
1872. Rhotana albata, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 62 (1903).
" Body white ; mesonotum slightly yellowish ; tegmina milky-
white with yellowish-white veins, transverse veins broad, faintly
margined with brownish, but the margins separated from the
yellowish transverse veins by a pale zone on both sides, apical
marginal vein blood-red ; abdomen and legs yellowish-white."
314 l-ULGORID.E.
"Larger than R. vUrkeps, Stfil, and to be recognized by the
milky-white tegmina." {MeUchar.)
Length, " c? , 7 to 7^ millim.
Hah. Ceylon ; Pattipola {Budapest JIus.).
I have not seen this species.
1873. Rhotana venosa, sp. n.
Body and legs very pale tawny-yellow, the tibite slightly iufns-
cate ; coxae with small fuscous spots ; niesonotum moderately
rufous ; eyes piceous : tegmina obscure hyaline with a slight
tawny tint, the veins tawny-yellow, but becoming bright red on
the apical area and beneath the apical half of the costal membrane ;
wings obscure hyaline with the veins yellowish-brown ; both wings
and tegmina exhibit much iridescent lustre.
Length excl. tegm. 34 ; exp. tegm. 13 millim.
Hah. Tenasserim : Myitta (DolierUj).
The late Mr. Doherty sent me two specimens of this well-
marked species.
Genus VINATA, n. nom.
Eraua, Walk. J. Linn. Soc, Zool. i, p. lol (1857); Stal, Oft: Vet.-
AJi. Fork. 18o8, p. 449; Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. GO
(190-'j) (nom. prseocc. Aves).
Type, V. operosa, Walk., from Borneo.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Eegions.
Head a little produced in front of eyes : vertex nearly as bi'oad
as long, subparallel, its posterior margin angularly sinuated,
medially carinate, its lateral margins raised and carinate ; face
strongly reclinated, distinctly ampliated posteriorly, medially
carinate, the carina obsolete towards apex, the lateral margins
elevated ; clypeus triangular, its margins subreflexed ; eyes
moderate in size, beneath subsinuate ; ocelli two ; antennae long,
first and second joints incrassated, subdepressed, cylindrical, basal
joint short, second longest ; pronotum nearly twice broader than
head, tricarinate, the carinse continued in the mesonotum, which is
nearly twice as long as the pronotum ; tegmina moderately elongate,
their apices rounded, the longitudinal veins elevated, apically
furcate, and with two series of transverse veins on apical area ;
wings nearly as long as tegmina ; legs of moderate length.
1S74. Vinata iiigricornis, StSl (Eraua), Of v. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1858,
p. 449 ; Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 60 (190o).
Piceous-brown ; body beneath, legs, cai'inae to head, pro- and
mesouota, and a raised undulating transverse line on each anterior
lateral area of mesonotum testaceously flavescent ; anterior disk
of face fusco-testaceous ; tegmina sordidly testaceously flavescent,
DEVADANDA.
315
the longitudinal veins minutely spotted with fuscous, numerous
oblique narrow fuscous fasciae, the apical and subapical cellular
Fig. 153. — Vinata nigricorni,<.
areas mostly fuscous, the costal membrane ]n'ominently, alter-
nately, obliquely flaA-escent and fuscous ; wings fuscous ; legs
and antennae piceous.
Length excl. tegm. 5 ; exp. tegm. 13 milliin.
JIah. Ceylon ; Kandy (Green).
1875. Vinata nivosa, sp. n.
Bod}'' castaneous-brown, legs very m uch paler ; margins and
carinations to vertex of head and pronotura ochraceous ; antenna3
piceous-brown ; tegmina umber-brown, witli numerous short white
oblique striae, these are particularly distinct and somewhat wide
apart on costal membrane ; stigma orange-yellow, extreme apical
area more fuliginous in hue, the veins yellowish, and practically
without the white striae, but having on its anterior margin, just
beyond the stigma, about three ochraceous spots, beneath which is
a dark fuscous streak ; wings (imperfectly seen) dark fuliginous
with their apices very pale fuliginous ; posterior tibiae with two
spines, a very short one near base and a longer one near middle.
Length excl. tegm. 4| ; exp, tegm. 12 millim.
Hab. Assam (Brit. 3Ius.).
Genus DEVADANDA, nov.
Type, D. j)cctiaata, Dist.
Distribution . Tenasserim.
Head (including eyes) much narrower than pronotum, longiy and
broadly laminately produced in front of eyes ; vertex very narrow
with its lateral margins strongly ridged, slightly broadened apically
and triangularly widened between the eyes, apically convexly con-
tinued to face, which is similar in structure to vertex ; antennae
inserted some distance beneath the eyes, long and of aberrant
structure, first and second joints short and globose, remaining
joints prominently produced and bearing very long pectinations ;
316
FULGOEIDjE.
pronotum short with a strong central carination and posteriorly
profoundly angularly eniarginate ; mesouotuni obsoletely ti'icari-
uate ; legs moderately short and slender ; tegmina somewhat
narrow, apically widened, the longitudinal veins bifurcate, a few-
transverse veins a little beyond middle, and a curved transverse
series of transverse veins a little before apical margin, which
are discally globosely thickened and delimitate some large and
prominent apical veins.
1870. Devadanda pectinata, sp. n.
Head with the broadly laminate areas
brownish-grey, the vertex and face
orange-red ; pronotum and mesonotum
piceous, the marginal ridges of the first
and a broad central fascia to the latter
orange-yellow ; legs orange-yellow, the
femora brownish ; antennse piceous-
brown ; tegmina piceous-brown, narrow
basal area and veins on apical area
purplish-red, oblique veins on posterior
half of costal area orange-red, the sub-
apical cellular areas somewhat paler
fuliginous than the remainder of the
tegmen.
Length inch tegm. 5 millim.
Hah. Tenasserim : Myitta {Doherty).
Fig. 154.
Devadanda pectinata.
1877. Gen.? crenatonervosa, Motsch. (DerbeP) Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc
xxxvi (3) p. 113, t. ii, f. 25 (1863) ; Kirby, J. Linn. Soc.Zool.
xxiv, p. i42 (1891).
" Elongate, compressed, carinate, nigro-piceous ; vertex of head,
central area of mesonotum, and legs palely brownish-testaceous ;
tegmina strongly fuliginous sublucid ; mesonotum with the
lateral carinas somewhat silvery-white ; tegmina with the veins
piceous and crenulately elevated ; head transverse, posteriorly pro-
foundly excavate, anteriorly abruptly, concavely truncate ; vertex
quadrangular, tricarinate ; eyes oblong, convex, beneath moderately
sinuate ; antennae with the first joint globose ; thorax transverse,
quadrangulate, tricarinate, anterior margin somewhat narrowly
whitish." {Motschoulslcy .)
" Length 2h lin. ; lat. tegm. 'i lin."
Hah. Ceylon ; Mts. of Nura-Ellia {fide Motschouhlcy).
I can only call attention to this species by giving the salient
points of Motschoulsky's description ; I have failed to identify it
with any specimen that has passed through my hands ; the figure
given is only helpful, certainly not satisfactory.
LOPHOPiN.i:, 317
Subfamily VIII. LOPHOPIN^.
Lophopida, Stal, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 130 (1866).
Lophopiaa, Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. Iv, p. 42 (1886).
Lophopidse, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. II (1903).
Head narrower than pronofcum ; rostrum short, stout, with
the apical joint short ; pronotum usually truncate at base, as
described by Stal, but sometimes coucavely sinuate or angularly
eraarginate, carinate or somewhat tubercular on disk ; basal joint
of posterior tarsi robust and moderately short.
I take the most distinguishing character of this subfamily to be
the robust or incrassate basal joint of the posterior tarsi, and it
apparently contains two sections, denoted by the more or less
dilated anterior tibiae, and the reverse. Stal's chai'acters are
rather too restrictive.
Siinopsis of Genera.
A. Anterior tibife more or less prominently
dilated.
a. Vertex of head prominently produced
in front of eyes.
a. Anterior tibipe foliaceously ampliate . Elasmoscelis, p. 318.
h. Anterior tibiae prominently', but not
foliaceously, ampliate.
a' . Tegmina about twice as long as
broad Pitambara, p. 319.
b'. Tegmina nearly three times longer
than broad.
«". Base of face appearing above and
in front of apex of vertex Corethrura, p. 321.
i". Base of face not appearing in
front of apex of vertex Bisma, p. 322.
b. Vertex of head not or only very slightly
produced in front of eyes Lacusa, p. 323.
B. Anterior tibiae not or only very slightly
dilated.
a. Base of face appearing in front of apex of
vertex Serida, p. 324.
b. Base of face not appearing in front of
apex of vertex.
a. Vertex of head longer than broad.
a' . Vertex of head very lougly porrect,
forming a cephalic process about as
long as the abdomen Zamila, p. 326.
b'. Vertex of head not porrect, only a
little longer than pronotum.
a~. Face with its lateral margins lami-
nately convexly produced Brixioides, p. 327.
6^. Face with its lateral margins cari-
nate, but not laminately convexly
produced Jivatma, p. 328.
b. Vertex of head about as broad or broader
than long".
318 FULGORID.i:.
a'. Teguiiua uormal, smooth, not sub-
coriaceous.
a-. Prouotum posteriorly obtusely
emarginate '. '. KrsuMA, p. 329.
i-, Prouotum posteriorly strongly an-
gularly emarginate Varma, p. 330.
V . Tegmina subcoriaceous Padanda, p. 331.
Genus ELASMOSCELIS.
Elasmoscelis, Spin. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. viii, p. 388 (1839) ; Stdl,
Hem. Afr. iv, p. 200 (1866) ; Melich. Horn. Fmm. Ceylon, p. 64
(1903).
Type, E. cimicoides. Spin., an Ethiopian species.
Distribvfion. Ethiopian and Oriental Regions.
Head (including eyes) much narrower than pronotum ; vertex
moderately produced in front of eyes, narrow, its lateral margins
laminately elevated, centrally divergent or excavate at apex ; face
much longer than hroad, amphated posteriorly, its lateral margins
(except on posterior area) laminately dilated and with two cari-
nations on each of their under surfaces ; clypeus tricarinate ; eyes
beneath moderately sinuate : antennae short and situate just
beneath eyes ; legs of moderate length, the anterior tibiae strongly
foliaceously dilated, the posterior tibias with three spines, the
posterior tarsi with the basal joint incrassate ; pronotum short,
medially tuberculously carinate ; mesonotum obsoletely tricarinate ;
tegmina moderately broad, their anterior and postei'ior margins
subparallel, basal longitudinal veins strongly bifurcating posteriorly,
the apical area containing many longitudinal veins, costal
membrane broad, indistinctly transvei'sely veined.
1878, Elasmoscelis platypoda, Kirb?/, J. Linn. Soc, Zool xxiv,
p. 148, t. vi, f. 3 (1891) ; Meltck. Horn. Fmm. Ceylon, p. 64,
t. ii, f. 2,a,b (1903).
Head with the vertex very pale ochraceous with some oblique
Fig. 155. — Elaaoitoscelis 'plaiypodu.
transverse black lines,' eyes brown ; pronotum black with a trans-
verse testaceous fascia on each side ; mesonotum black, its central
PITAMBAEA. 319
posterior margin testaceous ; abdomen above piceous-brown, its
base, narrow segmental margins, and a broader apical fascia
ocbraceous ; face witb its anterior area ocbraceous, its posterior
area black, the latter with some yellowish spots ; clypeus black,
its central carination testaceous and with a yellow spot on each
side ; body beneath piceous, the meso- and metasterna ocbraceous ;
anterior and intermediate legs piceous spotted with ocbraceous,
posterior legs ocbraceous spotted with piceous ; tegmina piceous-
brown, oblique transverse fasciae to costal area, small spots on
posterior margin, an elongate and a smaller spot on apical margin,
and a discal spot before middle greyish-white ; wings fuliginous ;
anterior tibiae strongly foliaceously dilated.
Length excl. tegua. 4; exp. tegm. 13 millim.
Hah. Ceylon {Green).
Genus PITAMBARA, uov.
Type, P. radians, Ivirby.
Distribution. Oriental Kegion.
Head (including eyes) narrower than pronotum ; \ertex mode-
rately produced in front of eyes, moderately broad, its lateral
margins a little laminately elevated, its disk somewhat concave :
face much longer than broad, strongly angularly ampliated pos-
teriorly, its lateral margins (except on posterior area) laminately
dilated, and with two carinae on each of their under surfaces ;
clypeus tricarinate ; eyes beneath slightly sinuate ; legs of moderate
length, the anterior tibiae moderately, not fohaceously dilated, the
posterior tibiae somewhat dilated with a single spine, the posterior
tarsi with the basal joint incrassate ; pronotum and mesonotum
as in Elasmoscelis ; tegmina somewhat short and broad, costal
membrane broad (excluding base), distinctly obliquely transversely
veined.
Distinguished from Elasmoscelis by the broader vertex to head,
the more angularly posteriorly ampliated face, the much broader
tegmina, and the moderately but not foliaceously dilated anterior
tibiae.
1879. Pitambara radians, A7;% (Elasmoscelis ?\ j: ira?j. Soc.,Zool.
xxiv, p. 149, t. vi, f. 2 (1891) ; Melich. (Elasmoscelis) Horn.
Faun. Ceylon, p. 65, t. ii, f. 2, a (1903).
Head with the vertex, face, and clypeus ocbraceous, eyes brown ;
pronotum and mesonotum piceous ; abdomen piceous, its basal
area more or less ocbraceous ; legs pale ocbraceous spotted with
piceous ; tegmina pale umber-brown on basal area, where it is
somewhat thickly marked with greyish-white transverse spots,
darker brown on upper apical area, costal and apical marginal
areas white, divided by transverse brown fasciae, the white inter-
spaces narrowest on basal costal area ; wings fuliginous ; anterior
320
FULGORID^.
tibia? moderately dilated \\ith two piceous annulatious ; tegmiiia
slightly dilated behind clavus, the costal margin prominently
arched at base, its apical margin subtruucate.
Fig; IbQ.— PKaiii^mra radians.
Length excl. tegm. -i ; exp. tegm. 13 millim.
Hah. Ceylon: Pundaluoya, Colombo (G'rem).
Found on Bamhusa. Larva with two long spiral caudal appen-
dages formed by a white A\axy secretion {E. E. Green).
18S0. Pitambara interrupta, sp. d.
Head Avith vertex, face, and cly])eus ochraceous, vertex with
the lateral margins, an anterior central line, and two central
oblique linear spots black ; pronotum black, centrally and laterally
ochraceous ; mesonotum black ; abdomen piceous, its base and the
segmental margins (narrowly) ochraceous ; legs ochraceous, more
or less spotted with piceous ; tegmina piceous on basal area, more
brownish and paler on apical area, where it is crossed by broad
transverse irregular piceous fasciae, spots on basal portion of costal
membrane, a large subtriangular spot on middle of costal margin
extending to centre of tegmen, and the apical margin greyish-
white, in the latter there are two oblique fuscous lines, interrupted
and not meeting inwardly ; wings fuliginous, their basal areas
greyish-white ; anterior tibia; moderately dilated, ochraceous, \\\i\\
two subbasal piceous annulations, posterior tibiae moderately
dilated with a single spine ; apical margins of tegmina rounded,
at base of costal margin distinctly arched.
Length excl. tegm. 4 ; exp. tegm. V2. miUim.
Hah. Tenasserim ; Myitta {Doherty).
1881. Pitambara imdulata, sp. n.
Head with the vertex, face, and clypeus ochraceous, lateral
margins and a central abbreviated line to vertex and two central
lines to face piceous ; pronotum ochraceous with a large piceous
spot on each side behind eyes ; mesonotum piceous ; sternum and
legs ochraceous, bases and apices of posterior tibiae piceous ;
abdomen beneath piceous, the segmental margins ochraceous ;
CORETHRURA. 321
tegminii piceous-brown, tlie basal portion of costal meinbraiie aud
a large discal spot «ith a small piceous centre ochraceous, a broad
apical margin and some transverse costal rays beyond the ochra-
ceous area greyish-white, in the pale apical marginal area there is
a transverse, undulated piceous line ; wings greyish-white, ba.sal
markings and a broad transverse fascia before apex fuscous-brown :
anterior tibiae moderately dilated ; posterior tibias with a somewhat
long submedial spine ; posteiior femora fuscous-brown A^itli their
apices ochraceous.
Length with tegiu. 7 millim.
Hab. Burma; Karen Hills (Z>o/t^r^^).
Mr. Doherty sent me a single specimen of this very distinct
species.
1882. Pitambara sinuata, sp. u.
Head with vertex, face, and clypeus ochraceous, vertex with a
central and tM o submarginal black lines ; pronotum black, with the
lateral areas, posterior margin, and three central fascite ochraceous ;
mesonotum black ; body beneath aud legs ochraceous, anterior and
intermediate legs annulated with fuscous, posterior femora and
bases and apices of posterior tibiiB more or less fuscous ; tegmina
dark piceous-brown, costal membrane ochraceous beyond middle
with obliquely transverse piceous lines, apical margin broadly
greyish-white containing a siniiated transverse piceous line ; wings
fuliginous with greyish suffusions ; anterior tibiae moderately
dilated ; posterior tibiae with a spine beyond middle.
Length Mith tegm. 7 millim.
Ilah. Teuasserim, Mvitta (Doherf}/).
Genus CORETHRURA.
Coretlirura, Hope, Tr. Linn. Soc. xix, p. 135 (1845) ; Stdl, Hem.
Afr. iv, p. 200 (1866) ; Atkhis. J. A. S. Bewj. Iv, p. 43 (1886).
Type, O. ftfscovaria, Hope.
Distrihutlon. Oriental Eegiou.
Head (including eyes) considerably narrower than pronotum :
vertex somewhat long, its anterior angles prominent, base of face
appearing above as a short cephalic process ; face long, ti'uncate on
each side before anterior prolongation, gradually sinuately ampliate
posteriorly, and then obliquely narrowed to clypeus, 1:he lateral
margins moderately carinate and with two central longitudinal
ridges enclosing a narrow concave space ; clypeus with the lateral
margins carinate and with a strong central longitudinal ridge ;
pronotum tricarinate, the lateral carinations curved, meeting
anteriorly and forming a convex plate, which is produced between
the eyes; mesonotum tricarinate; legs of moderate length,
ampliately subfoliaceous on each side, posterior tibiae with three
spines, posterior tarsi with the basal joint incrassate ; tegmina
TOL. III. T
322
riTLGOKID.i:.
moderately am])]iate, their apices broadly rounded, moderately
produced behind elavus, costal membrane with oblique transverse
veins, the basal three longitudinal veins forked, apical veins
numerous and close together ; wings slightly wider than tegmina.
1883. Corethrura fuscovaria, Hope, Tr. Linn. Soc. xix, p. lo."i, t. xii,
f. 60 (1845) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. Iv, p. 43 (1886).
Body above fuscous : abdomen apically provided with a sub-
ochraceous appendage, which is sometimes longer than the whole
body ; cainnations to the pro- and mesouota distinctly paler in
hue ; body beneath and legs pale brownish-ochraceous ; pronotum
Fig. 157. — Corcfl/riira fuscov«ria.
with the lateral areas somewhat greyishly pubescent witli two or
three fuscous spots ; tegmina pale dull brownish-ochraceous with
scattered greyish pubescence, about three distinct fuscous spots in
costal membrane, some darker brownish-ochraceous discal spots
beneath costal membrane, and various suffusions of the same
colour on apical area, one before apical margin irregularly lineate :
wings fuliginous, a little darker ou apical and anal areas.
Length excl. tegm. 12 ; exp. tegm. 30 millim.*
Hah. Sylhet {fide Hope). Burma ; Ruby Mines (DoJierti/). —
Malay Peninsula; Perak {Coll. Dist.).
Genus BISMA, nov.
Type, B. greent, Dist.
Distribution. Ceylon.
Head narrower than pronotum ; vertex loug, narrow, projecting
beyond eyes, strongly ridged on each side, its disk concave ; face
very long, somewhat narrow, widened posteriorly, strongly ridged
on each side, centrally concave ; clypeus centrally and medially
finely carinate ; pronotum centrally tricarinate, the lateral carinae
converging and uniting anteriorly ; mesonotum tricarinate ; legs
* Atkinson, supra, gives the dimensions as respectively 19 and 68 to 59 millim.,
which is evidently an error.
LAC USA.
323
moderately slioi't and robust, the anterior and intermediate femora
and tibicG compi-essed and dilated on each side, posterior til:»iap
thickened and armed with two strong spines; posterior tarsi
with the basal ]oint much thickened ; tegmina long, their apices
angularly rounded, costal margins slightly sinuate beyond middle,
basal longitudinal veins forked at their apices, where there are
three short contiguous series of transverse veins, costal membrane
with oblique veins, and a number of transverse veins on apical
area ; wings broader than tegmina.
18s4. Bisma greeni, sp. n.
Body above eastaneous-brown ; lateral ridges to vertex of head,
central carinate areas to pro- and mesonota, and abdominal lateral
and segmental margins ochraceous : face beneath dull castaneous.
Fig. l.')8. — JjUiim (/rceni.
the marginal areas spotted with ochraceous ; body beneath and
legs castaneous, the legs more or less spotted and annulated with
ochraceous, posterior tibife ochraceous with their apices and the
bases of the spines piceous ; tegmina with about basal half
brownish-ochraceous mottled with fuscous, outer half paler and
less mottled ; a broad curved piceous fascia crossing near middle,
and tMO broad oblique fascite on posterior area, wliich are united
on posterior margin, the outermost connected with the apical
margin by a short longitudinal fascia; wings pale fuliginous
with the apical and posterior margins fuscous.
Length excl. tegm. 9 ; exp. tegm. 24 millim.
Hah. Ceylon; Kandy (&'/wn).
Genus LACUSA.
Lacusa, Stdl, BerJ. ent. Zeitschr. \i, p. 309 (1S62) ; id. Hem. Afr.
iv, p. 199 (18G6) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Bemj. Iv, p. 42 (1886).
Type, L. fuscqfasciata, Stal.
Distribution. Oriental Region.
Head narrower than the pronotum : vertex rather long, its
t2
324
vuLGOiai).!:.
iiiargins ciiriuate, and vvitli a fine central ridge w hich is bifurcate
anteriorly; face rather long, a little ampliate posteriorly, the
lateral margins carinate, and a sublateral ridge, on each side;
eiypeus centrally and laterally carinate ; prouotum truncate at
base, rounded anteriorly behind the vertex, tricarinate ; mesouotum
tricarinate; legs of moderate length, anterior legs sti'ongly dilated,
foliaceous, posterior tibiae trispinose, gradually slightly dilated
to\\ards the apex, posterior tarsi \\ ith the basal joint very robust ;
tegmina somewhat ample, anterior and posterior margins parallel,
broadly round at apex, costal membrane obliquely transversely
veined ; wings slightly narrower than tegmina.
18&5. Lacusa fuscofasciata, stal (Elusmuscelis :- ). Ofv. Vet. -Ah.
Fork. 1854, p. iM8; I'd. (Lacusa) Beii. ent. Zeitsckr. vi, p. 30*.t
(1862) ; Afldn.s. J. A. S. Bvmj. Iv, p. 42 (lc;86).
Cixius eminens, Walk, Ins. Saund., Horn. p. 42 (1858).
Piceous ; head, pronotum, mesonotum, and tarsi A'ery pale
testaceous, face and mesonotum infuscated; clypeus and anterior
legs piceous, the latter speckled with luteous, intermediate and
posterior legs luteous, the posterior tibi;e apically piceous ; teg-
mina very pale ochraceous, semi-opaque, the venation sparingly
and finely spotted with piceous, costal membrane with some linear
Fig. 150. — Lciriif^a /n^cofufcia/a.
oblique piceous spots, disk crossed by three broad piceous fascite,
the first oblique before middle, the second and third oppositely
oblique and united at posterior margin, apical margin either
completely or maculately piceous ; wings semihyaline, the apical
and posterior margins pale fuscous.
Length excl. tegm. 5 to 5^ ; exp. tegm. 16 to IG.V millim.
Hah. "Hindostan" {fde WaU-a-). Burma; Euby Mines,
Momeit {Doherft/).
Genus SERIDA.
'Serida, Walh: J. Limi. Soc. Zool. 1, p, 158 (1857).
Type, .S^. latens, Walk.
iJistrilmtion. Oriental and Malayan Eegions.
Head (including eyes) narrower than pronotum ; vertex longly
produced in front of eyes, its lateral margins strongly ridged,
SERID.V.
325
centrally obscurely ridged, its anterior lateral angles slightly acute,
the base of the face as seen above appears as a further elongation
of the vertex, and is there distinctly centrally sulcate ; face long,
centrally concave, with two strong central longitudinal carinations
and the lateral margins concavely sinuate, reflexed and strongly
carinate to within a short distance of the apex : clypeus small,
the margins moderately and the central disk faintly carinate ;
pronotum short, anteriorly centrally conically produced, \\-here it
is tricarinate, its posterior margin concave ; mesonotuni large,
tricarinate ; legs of moderate length, posterior tarsi with the basal
joint strongly incrassate ; tegmina moderately broad, the costal
margin slightly convex, behind the clavus distinctly ampliated,
apical margin truncately rounded, costal membrane broad, with
many slightly oblique transverse veins, basal longitudinal Aeins
strongly bifurcating beyond middle, the apical area being thus
provided with a somewhat close series of longitudinal veins ;
wings moderately broad, with a double sei'ies of transverse \eins
on apical area,
1880. Serida latens, n'aUc J. Linn. Soc, Zool. i, p. 158 (l8o7).
Lerida ferveiis, Walk. torn. cit. pi. vii, f. 8 *.
Body and legs browuish-ochraeeous, the carinations to head,
pronotum and mesonotum, and the abdomen above (excluding
the posterior segmental margins and some small discal spots) paler
ochi-aceous ; tegmina pale and somewhat bronzy-brown, the
Fio;. 1(50. — Scrkla laten.<.
venation on basal half minutely spotted with fuscous, costal area
with oblique fuscous lines, an angulated linear fascia on apical
margin preceded by several broken transverse linear fasciie, which
are also fuscous ; wings pale fuliginous, somewhat shining, the
apical area included l)y the transverse veins distinctly darker
in hue.
Length excl. tegm. 7 ; exp. tegra. 20 millim.
Hah. Tenasserim ; 'My itta, (Dohetti/). — Borneo (Brit. JIus.).
* Walker has figured his S. laiens under the name of Lerida fcrvens.
326 ruLGORiD-i:.
Genus ZAMILA.
Zauiila, 11'all: Jouni. Eni. i, p. 304 (1862).
Microchoria. Kirby, J. Limi. >Soc., Zool. xxiv, p. 147 (1891) : Melivh.
Horn. Faun. CeijlotK p. 63 (1903).
Tvpe, Z. hjeoides, Walk. *
Distrihution. Oriental Region.
Head long, produced in a porrect cephalic process, tricarinate
above, laterally somewhat broadly flattened and very obsoletely
upturned at apex, each lateral area marked with a curved carinate
line extending from clypeus to about middle, where it is continued
truncately across the upper surface and above which it is only
centrally carinate ; face broadly longitudinally excavate between
t\vo lateral somewhat laminate ridges ; clypeus with central and
marginal ridges, the latter being somewhat obsolete ; antennse
placed beneath eyes, the second joint strongly subglobose ; pro-
uotum somewhat narrow, centrally tricarinate. its anterior margin
concavely excavate on each side behind eyes, lateral margins
obliquely straight, lateral angles shortly subacute ; mesonotum
tricarinate; legs moderately short, posterior tibije with two spines,
posterior tarsi with the basal joint long and subglobose ; tegmina
long, somewhat narrow, their apices truncately rounded, costal
membrane with numerous transvei'se A'eins, apical area transversely
veined ; wings scarcely or only slightly wider than tegmina.
1887. Zamila lycoides. Wall-. Joum. Ent. i, p. 30-"5. t. xv, f. 2.
(1862),
Shining brownish-ochraceous ; cephalic process above castaneous;
body beneath and legs a little paler ; tegmina brownish-ochraceous,
the costal membrane and apical area infuscate, in some specimens
the costal membrane concolorous, some minute brown spots
varying in number on anterior disk ; wings brownish-ochraceous.
the apical area infuscate or concolorous with numerous minute
bro-\\ n spots ; posterior femora with a prominent spine near
middle.
Length incl. tegni. 14.3 millim.
Hah. " India " {Brit. J/?(*.).— Siam {Brit. Mm.).
The Siamese type from the Pascoe Collection is now in the
Xational Collection, which also contains another example labelled
" India " ; both are in an unset condition.
1888. Zamila aberrans, Kirbi/ (^licrochoria). J. Linn. Sac. Zool. xxiv,
p. 14S. t. V. f. 10 (1891) : Mdich. Horn. Faun. Cei/Um, p. 63,
t. ii, f. 13, a (1903).
Body and legs ochraceous ; lateral areas and under surface of
cephalic process much paler ; tegmina very pale tawny-yellow,
* In his description of this species, Walker lias i-eferred to his fig. 3
instead of fig. 2 of pi. xv. s/ipra.
LlilXIOIDES.
327
opaque, apical area speckled witli minute fuscous spots and with
two short transverse fuscous lines near apical margin ; wings
Fig. 161. — Zamila aherra/is.
greyish, slightly suffused with very pale fuliginous ; disli of meso-
notum between the carina? brown : cephalic process above the
medial transverse ridge with the central longitudinal cariuation
very distinct.
Length excl. tegm. 7^; exp. tegm. 16 millim.
Hah. Ceylon, Pnndaluoya (Green).
1889. Zamila perpiisilla, Walk. (Pyrops) List Hum. ii. p. 269 (1851).
Body and legs ochraceous, paler beneath than above : tegmina
yellowish -white, semi-opaque, the apical area and outer claval
margin speckled with minnte black spots ; wings pale hyaline ;
the dorsal ridge to cephalic process is much less prominent in
front of the central transverse ridge than behind it.
Lengtli excl. tegm. 9 : exp. tegm. 18 millim.
Hah. North Bengal (Miss Campbell, Brit. Miis.).
Genus BRIXIOIDES.
Brixioides, Kirhij. J. Linn. Soc, Zool. xxiv, p. 139 (189 T
Ham. Faun. Ceylon, p. 'Zh (lUOo).
Melich.
Type, B. carinatus, Kirby.
Bistrihution. Ceylon.
Head narrower than the pronotum, antennae inserted below the
hinder part of the eyes, ocelli undetected ; vertex with its lateral
margins a little laminately raised at inner margin of each eye, its
disk foveate and centrally carinate ; face with its lateral margins
laminately convesly produced, long, narrow, a little wider pos-
teriorly ; pronotum centrally tricarinate, its lateral angles some-
what acute : mesonotum tricarinate ; legs moderately compressed,
posterior tibioe with a prominent medial spine and widened
32S
FULGOKIJ^.li.
posteriorly ; posterior tarsi with the basal joint strongly globose ;
tegniiua subopaque, the apical margin oblique, costal membrane
with numerous transverse carinate lines, apical area transversely
veined ; Avings a little broader than tegmina, subhyaline, some
transverse veins on their apical areas.
Mr. Kirby, in describing this genus, stated that he considered
it of doubtful position, though he placed it in the Ciccvince.
Melichar (supra) has also placed it in that subfamily. The
swollen first joint of the posterior tarsi was apparently overlook(n!,
or its proper location would have been detected.
18!)0. Brixioides carinatus, Jv/V/;?/, J. Linn. Soc, Zoo!, xxiv, p. i40,
t. V, f. 9 (1891) ; Melich. Jlom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 35 (1903).
Head and pronotum ochraceous ; head with a broad black
central fascia with a medial ochraceous line ; pronotum with the
area between the three central ochraceous carinations black, the
lateral areas alternately and linearly black and ochraceous ; meso-
notum with the area betA\een the three central ochraceous
carinations purplish-brown, its lateral area alternately ochraceous
and purplish-brown : abdomen above piceous-brown, with two
longitudinal pale fascia? and the segmental margins ochraceous ;
1G2. — Brivioidcs cro-iii'/fiis
body beneath and legs stramineous, much linearly marked and
spotted with black, margins of face and anterior femora obliquely
lined, two narrow oblique fasciae on each side of sternum, anterior
tibiae and remaining legs spotted or annulated, black ; tegmina pale
ochraceous, semi-opaque, on basal half and below radial area the
veins much spotted ^ith brown and with two more prominent
piceous spots, oblique brown narrow fascia? crossing costal mem-
brane, three of them near apex continued to near posterior angle,
where there are a few- small piceous spots ; wings subhyaline,
slightly palely infuscate on disk.
Length excl. tegm. 4^; exp. tegm. 131 millim.
I fab. Ceylon ; Pundaluoya (Green).
Genus JIVATMA, nov.
Type, J. metallica, Dist.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
Head (including eyes) a little narrower than pronotum ; vertex
moderately ]jroduced in front of eyes, centrally and laterally finely
KUSUMA.
329
ridged, face not projecting beyond it as iu Se}-icl<( ; face longer
than broad, iinely centrally and sublaterally ridged, the sublateral
ridges rounded and meeting anteriorly, the lateral margins a little
refiexed and strongly carinate ; clypeus shorter than face, obscurely
and laterally carinate ; pronotum narrow, tricarinate, anteriorly
a little centrally conically produced ; mesonotum large, tricarinate ;
legs of moderate length, posterior tarsi with the basal joint
incrassate ; tegmina moderately broad in structure and venation
generally as in Serida, wings differing from that genus by the
absence of the double series of transverse veins to the apical
area.
ISUl. Jivatma nietallica, sp. n.
Body and legs brownish-ochraeeous ; the carinations to head
and thorax and the lateral and segmental margins to abdomen
above paler ochraceous ; mesonotum with t\\o central longitudinal
piceous fascia) ; tegmina pale greyisli-hyaline. the claval and apical
Fig. h'y'o. — Jiratina nic/Kl/ica,
areas dull ochraceous with some irregular narrow pale fuscous
strife, several transverse piceous fasciae before apical margin, one
of which is moderately broad, the basal longitudinal venation with
minute fuscous spots ; wings greyish hyaline, the venation and
the postei'ior and apical areas dark fuliginous.
Length excl. tegm. 5 ; exp. tegm. IG millim.
Hah. Tenasserim, Myitta (Doherfi/).
Genus KUSUMA, nov.
Type, K. carinata, Dist.
Distribution. British India.
Head (including eyes) a little narrower than pronotum ; vertex
broad, the anterior and lateral margins upwardly carinate, its disk
concave, with an obsolete central longitudinal ridge ; face longer
than broad, a little aiupliated anteriorly, centrally and niarginally
ridged, its anterior margin moderately convex, its posterior margin
subtruncate ; clypeus subtriangular, broadly laterally and centrally
330
laaGORiB.Ti.
ridged ; antenufc inserted beneath eyes, second joint strongly
globose ; pronotuin about as broad as head, very strongly tri-
carinate. its anterior margin subtruncate, its lateral angles
moderately obtusely angularly produced ; mesonotum tricarinate ;
legs somewhat short, the posterior tibia? with two spines, the basal
joint of the posterior tarsi strongly incrassate ; tegmina somewhat
elongate, their apices conically rounded, costal membrane with
transverse veins, of the three discal longitudinal veins the upper
and lower are bifurcate, two series of transverse veins, one before
apical area irregularly transverse, the other on apical area strongly
oblique ; wings slightly wider than tegmina.
1892. Kusuma carinata, sp. n.
Body and legs ochraceous ; tegmina creamy, subopaque ; base,
an irregularly transverse fascia beyond middle, and an oblique
narrow fascia on apical area pale fuscous-brown ; wings hyaline ;
Fig. 1G4. — KiisKina carinata.
carinations to pro- and mesonota ver}^ pronounced and promi-
nent ; spines to posterior tibije very distinct ; head with the
vertex distinctly concave ; disk of pronotum between the ridges
concave.
Length excl. tegm. 4 to \\ ; exp. tegm. 13 millim.
Hah. " India " and Bombay {Brit. 2It(s.).
Two specimens are contained in the National Collection, one
probably from North India, the second properly localized as froni
BoinbaA'.
(Jen us VARMA.
Type, V. fervens, Walk., from Borneo.
Distribt'tion. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
Head a little narrower than pronotum ; vertex narrow, trun-
cately rounded in front, the margin upwardly acutely reflected ;
face considerably longer than broad, a little ampliated posteriorly,
centrally and lateivally robustly carinate, the lateral areas moderately
oblique ; clypeus centrally ridged, its lateral margins simple ;
pronotum very narrow, laterally oblique, posteriority very strongly
angularly emai'ginate, centrally and marginally strongly ridged ;
mesonotum tricarinat(> and longer than pronotum and vertex
l'ADA>^DA.
331
together; legs moderately sliort, posterior tibia? witli two strong
spines, posterior tarsi with the basal joint perceptibly thickened ;
rostrum short, robust, apical joint short ; tegmina somewhat broad,
apically truncately rounded, of the three basal longitudinal veins
the uppermost and lowermost are bifurcated, crossed by an almost
straight series of transverse veius beyond middle, and by a similar
outu ardly convex series a little before apical margin, costal mem-
brane with oblique transverse veins ; wings a little narrower than
tegmina.
1893. Varma tridens, sj). n.
Body and legs brownish-ochraceous ; tegmina flavescent, a
costal suffusion before apex, and three contiguous apical marginal
fasciae fuscous ; wings fuliginous, a little paler at basal area ;
abdominal segmental margins a little paler in hue; carinations to
Fig. 165. — Vxruia iridciis.
head, pronotum, and mesonotum concolorons or \ery sliglitl\
paler than the discal coloration ; posterior tibiae pale ochrace-
ous, the spines very distinct ; carinations to face and clypeus
concolorous.
Length excl. tegm. 5 ; exp. tegui. 14 millim.
Huh. Ceylon. Armarapura, Kandy {Green).
Genus PADANDA.
Type, P. atlinsoni, Dist.
Bistrilmtion. British India.
Head (with eyes) about as wide as pronotum, the vertex shorter
than pronotum, subconically rounded, centrally and marginally
carinate : face about twice as long as clypeus, its margins parallel,
centrally and sublaterally carinate, the sublateral carinae anteriorly
curved inward and fused, the lateral margins also carinate ; clypeus
tricarinate ; antennae inserted considerably below eyes, the second
joint short, globose ; pronotum slightly longer than head, strongly
laterally and medially carinate, its anterior margin elongately
convex, its posterior margin angularly emarginate ; mesonotum
longer than pronotum, strongly tricarinate, the lateral carinations
upwardly curved inward but not quite meetiug ; legs of moderate
length, the posterior tibite with four spines, one very near base ;
332
rULGORID-i:.
posterior tarsi Avith the basal joint sliort and incrassate ; tegmin
subcoriaceoLis, subvertically placed, apical areas with many trans-
verse veins, the longitudinal veins distinctly raised.
1S04. Padanda atkinsoni, ^^p. n.
Head, face, thorax and tegiuina
pale ochraceous ; body beneath
and legs brownish-ochraceous ;
pronotum with a small impressed
fuscous spot on each side of the
central carination : tegmina with
the reticular venation on the apical
areas in places castaueous, the
costal membrane moderately broad,
the longitudinal veins distinctly
yellow ; apices of the anterior and intermediate tibiae and apices
of the tarsi piceous.
Length inch tegm. 7 millim.
Ilah. Sikhim ; 3Iungphu (Atlinson Coll., Brit. Jlas.).
Subfamily IX. ISSINzE.
Inmin, StSi, Hem. Afr. iv, p]). V-'A) & -202 (18(36).
Issina, Stal, Of v. Vet- Ah. Fork. (1870) p. 7oi; A f kins. J. A. S. Bemj.
Iv, p. 43 (1886).
IssidfTe, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceijlon, p. 72 (IQO-'!).
Head uot or only a little narrower tlian the jjronotum ; clypeus
generally convex, its lateral margins seldom ridged ; pronotnui
trinicate at base, sometimes but rarely broadly roundly sinuate,
either without a median carination or with only an obsolete
one; mesouotnm short, rarely twice longer than pronotiun ;
tegmina coriaceous or subcoriaceous, rarely vitreous, seldom tlat.
usually more or less- convex, sometimes very much abbreviated ;
basal joint of posterior tarsi short or of moderate length, very
rarely elongate.
In many respects the Isslno; are closely allied to the Enr//-
hracliydhuv, some authorities placing the two in sequence to one
another, and others treating them both as representing one sub-
family. Although I have not followed either of these courses,
there is very much to be said in their favour, but at present there
is a divergence of view as to the divisions of the Fulgorida^ and
their )]atural sequence, while the question is without sufficient
data for final decision.
Sijiiopsis of Geneva.
A. Auterior legs foliaceously dilated.
a. Tegmina considerably shorter than abdomen. Caliscelis, p. 334.
b. Tegmina longer than abdomen Auc^ila, p. 335.
issiNE. 333
B. Anterior legs normal, not foliaceousl}' dilated,
a. Tegmina deflected, in an oblique or vertical
position to the body, not convex ; poste-
rior tibite ^\•ith one or two spines.
(I. Teg-mina narrowed and rounded at apices.
c' . Head not porrectly produced in front
of eyes.
a-. Clypeus transversely striate.
a^. Face longer than broad, centrally
and sublaterally carinate Tatva, p. 306.
/>'. Face as broad as long', only cen-
trally carinate BRAHirALOKA,
/;-. Clypeus not transversely striate. [p. o\M .
(i\ Face centrally carinate.
rt*. Vertex angularly produced in
front of eyes Iagannata, p. 338.
b^. Vertex not angularly produced
in front of eyes Tetbica, p. 3->9.
U\ Face centrally and laterally cari-
nate.
a^. Sublateral carinations almost
percurrent 11ystki{opti<:rum.
b^. Sublateral carir.ations only com- [p. 341.
mencing- at about middle of
lateral margins Sarima, p. 342.
b' . Head porrectly produced in front of
eyes.
«". Face centrally carinate, not promi-
nently narrowed anteriorh' Giv.vka, p. 344.
Ir. Face non-carinate, prominently nar-
rowed anteriorly Visiixuloka, p. 345
b. Tegmina anipliated and obliquely truncate
at apices.
a' . Head not prominently produced in
front of eyes.
«'-. Face about as broad as long.
«'. lace distincth' centrally lami-
nately produced at base Radha, p. 340.
i'. Face normal, not laminateh' pro-
duced.
«'. Inner margin of tegmina
straight Devagvma, p. 347.
b^. Inner margin of tegmina cou-
cavely sinuate, convexly am-
pliate behind claval area .... Narayana, p. 34'.*.
b'-. Face broader than long.
(i'. Inner margin of tegmina straight . Samantiga, p. 3">1.
h''. Inner margin of tegmina dilated
at claval area Sivaloka, p. 352.
c". Face longer than broad Sudasixa, p. 353.
//. Head prominently produced in front
of eyes.
a-. Apex of head broad, strongly notched Lx's.a^nda, p. 345.
b'-. Apex of head narrowed and acute . . Tonc^a, p. 355.
334 ruLGORi-D.^.
b. Tegmina convexly oblique, longer than
broad ; posterior tibije with five spines.
a. Face about half as long again as broad . . Flavina, p. 350.
b. Face twice as long as bi-oad Xilaloiiita, p. 358.
c. Tegniina globose, without a claval suture.
a. V&ce distinctly separated from vertex . . IIemisph-EKIus,
/>. Face not distinctly separated from vertex [p. 3o9.
but passing gradually into its surface . . Hemisph.^roidks,
d. Tegmina broadly transverse, only moderately [p. 31)4.
oblique.
a. Head not produced in front of eyes .... Pteuilia, p. 3(35.
h. Head strongly and acutely produced in
front of eves Pteeygoma, i). 300.
Genus CALISCELIS.
Caliscelis, Lap. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. ii, p. :?51 (1833) ; Melich. (excl.
svn.) Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 72 (1903) ; Hon-. Ann. Mas. Nat.
ilmiff. 1904, p. 378.
^lejonosoma, Costa, Cenni znolotjici, Annnar. Zooloff. 1834, p. 80.
Cailiscelis, StSl, Hem. Afr. iv, {\ 203 (1860).
Caloscelis, Ficb. Cic. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1875, p. 359: Melich. dead.
Mitt. -Far op. p. 35 (1890).
Type, C honeUii. Latr., a Palsearctie species.
Distribution. Palsearetic and Oriental Eegions *.
Head (including eyes) about as wide as pronotuin ; vertex with
its margins ridged, and \^ith a transverse ridge between the eyes ;
face nearly perpendicular, a little rounded towards clypeus, witli
three longitudinal keels ; antennae inserted before the eyes ;
rostrum reaching the posterior coxae ; pronotuni broader than
long, anteriorly rounded, posteriorly concave, sometimes \\\t\\ a
slight unddle keel ; mesonotum acutely triangular, with three
faint longitudinal keels, tlie lateral keels curved ; tegmina shorter
than abdomen, obliquely truncate posteriorly, clavus fused with
corium ; anterior femora and tibia) strongly foHaceously auipliated ;
posterior tibia? with a single spine.
1895. Caliscelis eximia, 67a/, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. iii, p. 323 (1859).
Very pale ochraceous ; vertex a little produced in front of
eyes ; pronotum with a medial carination, much shorter than
mesonotum .
(5 . Face about one-third longer than greatest breadth, medial
carination percurrent ; costal area of tegmina, a broad lateral
* Buriueister (Handb. Ent. ii, p. 159, 1835) has induded a South-American
species in this genus, but Dr. Horvatli has stated that it is not congenei-ic
with Caliscelis.
AUUILA.
335
fascia on each side of body, and the anterior legs piceous, inter-
mediate and posterior legs more
or less mottled ^^"itl^ piceous,
anterior femora beneath and ante-
rior tibiie on eacli side (outwardly
more than inwardly) roundly
foliaceously ampliated.
2 . A little larger than male,
unicolorous, irrorated with fus-
cous ; face about one - fourth
longer than greatest breadth ;
anterior femora beneath and
anterior tibia? on each side mode-
rately dilated, less so than in
male.
Length, J 3^, § 4 millim.
Hab. Ceylon (Stocl-holm 3Jus.).
1 am indebted to Dr. Auri-
villius, of Stockholm, for the opportunity of figuring this species.
Fig. 167. — Caliscelitt exiniia, c?.
Genus AUGILA.
Augila, Stdl, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. FiJrh. 1870, p. 754.
Type, A. sulciceps, Stal, from the Philippines.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
Body elongate, subcompressed, abdomen slender; head (including
eyes) a little naiTower than pronotuui, compressed and porrectly
produced in front of eyes, its apex moderately rounded, and from
it issues a slender filamentous appendage *, above longitudinally
concave ; face with the lateral margins strongly broadly ridged ;
eyes elongate ; pronotum truncate at base, anteriorly produced
between eyes, obtusely tricarinate ; mesonotum nearly twice as
long as pronotum, bicarinate ; tegmina elongate, narrow, apex
obliquely rounded, anterior and posterior margins parallel, radial
and upper longitudinal veins united near base, the former shortly
furcate at apex, apical area reticulately veined ; wings a little
wider than tegmina, with a few transverse veins on apical area ;
antei'ior legs elongated, the femora and tibiae foliaceously dilated ;
posterior tibiae with a single spine placed beyond middle,
I have followed Stal in placing this strange genus in the Issince ;
there appear to be a number of interesting characters that can
only be studied and described when material can be spared for
dissection.
'^ This structural character is neilher figured nor described by StSl, and
was probably mutilated wlien he acquired his Pliilippine type of the genus.
336
rULGOEIDTE.
189G. Augila bingliami. sp. n.
Head, pi'ouotum, and mesonotum black ; vertex of head (ex-
cludmg base and apex) dull greyish, a longitudinal spot at centre
of face and a central fascia to clypeus dull greyish ; abdomen
ochraceous, the lateral margins and apex broadly pieeous : anterior
legs pieeous, apices of the dilated tibire ochraceous, intermediate
Fig. 168. — Augiht hhiijhahd.
and posterior legs brownish -ochraceous ; tegmina and wings
livaline, the veins fuscous, apical area of tegmina and the claval
ai'ea pieeous ; at base of abdomen above there are two smooth
longitudinal tubercles.
Lengtli excl. tegm. 6 ; exp. tegm. 13 millim.
Hah. Tenasserim. Ataran Valley (Bhir/Juun, Coll. Dist.).
Genus TATVA, nov.
Type, T. hvfo, Dist.
Distribution. British India.
Head (including eyes) onl}' very slightly narrower than pro-
notum ; vertex quadrangular, foveate and granulose, its margins
strongly ridged, its posterior margin angularly excavate ; face
longer than broad, a little ampliate posteriorly, granulose, cen-
trally, laterally, and sublaterally carinate, the sublateral carinations
united anteriorly and inwardly curved posteriorly ; clypeus
soijiewhar short, triangular, finely centrally carinate near its
base, and laterally transversely striate ; eyes wdth their posterior
margins truncate, antenna? inserted a little beneath them; pro-
notum uarro\A-, its posterior margin truncate, anteriorly broadly
angulate ; mesonotum small, triangular ; legs of moderate length,
posterior tibiae with two spines ; tegmina short, subcoriaceous,
broadly arched at base and moderately ampliate behind clavus,
narrowed to apex, which is angularly rounded, strongly trans-
versely reticulate on about apical third, obsoleteiy transversely
reticulate on remaining area ; winss about or almost as long as
tegmina. semiliyalinc.
BRAHMALOKA.
337
1897. Tatva bufo, sp. n.
Body and legs pale browuish-ocliraceous ; vertex of head with
two small fuscous spots at base ; tegniina obscure talc-like, sub-
coriaceous, the venation ochraceous, two obscure broken oblique
fuscous fasciae on each tegmen, and some transverse fuscous spots
on each claval area ; wings semi-
hyaliue, very pale fuliginous, the
venation fuscous ; vertex of head
granulose, with a faint central
longitudinal carination ; face granu-
lose, speckled with pale fuscous ;
clypeus ochraceous, its lateral ai'eas
(WV\f //f''/ ill^U'^'l !l ^ obliquely striate; apices of tibiae
^^\}w//w tVrSJW'il piceous ; tegmiua with a number of
small cells on apical area ; pronotum
sparingly palely granulose, its mar-
gins strongly ridged and with a
faint central longitudinal carina-
tion ; mesonotum with two short ridges near each anterior angle,
between which the colour is dull castaneous, two small spots of
the same colour on disk.
Length o^ millim,
flah. Bombay (Brit. 2Ii(s.). '
Tafva hufo.
Genus BRAHMALOKA, nov.
Type, B. Iiowrinr/i, Dist.
Distribution. Assam.
Head (including eyes) as broad as pronotum ; vertex broader
than long, truncate anteriorly, moderately concave, its edges
carinate ; face about as broad as long, centrally straightly finely
carinate and submarginally convexly carinate, the lateral margins
also slightly ridged, the basal margin truncate, not concave, a little
emarginate before clypeus ; clypeus laterally transversely obliquely
striate; pronotum about as long as mesonotum, anteriorly angu-
larly medially produced, posteriorly truncate, with a central tine
longitudinal carination; mesonotum tricarinate ; legs short and
robust, posterior tibias with two spines ; tegmiua with the margins
parallel, not ampliated towards apex, apical margin truucately
rounded, longitudinal veins prominent, more or less transversely
veined over their whole area, costal area very broad, transversely
A'eined, a series of transverse veins near apex defining an apical
marginal area containing a few longitudinal veins.
1898. Brahmaloka bowringi, sp. n.
Body, legs, and tegmiua browuish-ocliraceous; face discally
suffused with piceous; the oblique lateral striae to clypeus casta-
neous ; apex of rostrum piceous ; abdomen castaneous-brown
VOL. III. Z
338 fulgokid.t:.
with transverse ochraceoiis segmental fasciae, anal appendages
Fig. 170. — Ilrahmalola bou-ruigi.
ochraceous : posterior tibiae with two rnbnst spines ; eyes piceous.
Length inch tegiu. 5 millira.
Hah. Assam; Cac\\^v {Boivrinrj, Brit. Mvs.).
Genus JAGANNATA, nov.
Type, -/. clielonki. Dist.
Distribution. British India.
Head (including eyes) about as wide as pronotuui ; vertex some-
what angularly produced in front of eje^^, a little longer than
broad, slightly narro\^ed posteriorly ; face about as long as
greatest width, very indistinctly and obscurely centrally carinate,
its basal margin truncate with the lateral angles slightly acutely
prominent, obliquely widened for about two-thirds its length
and then obliquely narrowed to clypeus which is directed inward :
antenna short, inserted beneath eyes ; pronotum about as long
as mesonotum, anteriorly subtriangularly produced, its posterior
margin truncate and with a faint central longitudinal carination ;
legs of moderate length, posterior tibia3 unarmed ; tegmina widest
and arched near base, narrov/ed posteriorly, the longitudinal veins
bifurcate, the surface covered with indistinct transverse veins, the
basal disk slightly globose, but not prominently so as seen from
above.
1890. Jagannata chelonia, s-p. n.
Very pale flavescent with fuscous markings ; vertex of head pale
tlavescent with the anterior mar-
gin and anterior lateral angles
piceous ; eyes fuscous-brown,
their basal margins ochraceous:
face pale flavescent, anterior
area pale fuscous-brown and
slightly granulose, the ante-
rior and lateral margins at
this area piceous with small
promhient tubercles, on poste-
rior disk some pale fuscous-
brown suffusions ; clypeus
base pale flavescent ; anterior and intermediate
TETRICA. 339
tibia) distiuctlv piceously biannulate, the femora much more ob-
scurely so ; posterior legs mutilated in type ; tegmiua pale
flavescent with some f'aiut fuscous shadings, one or two verv
small piceous spots at apical end of posterior margin and a linear
series of very obscure fuscous spots on disk, the longitudinal
veins distinctly raised.
Length iucl. tegm. 5| millim.
Hah. Tenasserim ; Myitta (DoJierti/).
1900. Jagannata maculata, sp. n.
Pale creamy-wliite more or less suffused and spotted with
fuscous ; vertex of head with a piceous spot on the anterior lateral
angles and a small black spot at about middle of lateral margins ;
eyes very pale fuscous-brown ; face with the anterior area very
pale fuscous-brown and slightly grauulose, some central suffusions
of the same colour to posterior disk, and the whole of the anterior
and lateral margins spotted with black, most prominently so
anteriorly ; anterior and intermediate femora and tibia? obscurely
piceously biannulate ; pronotum piceously spotted at each lateral
area, and with a central somewhat sanguineous carinate line ;
mesonotum with five large fuscous spots, four on anterior margin
and the other one near posterior angle, and with a distinct central
sanguineous carinate line ; tegmiua creamy-Avhite, with a large
fuscous patch or irregular spot on the apical area, a smaller patch
or spot on claval area, some minute spots of the same colour
scattered on basal area, and a series of small but more piceous
spots on inner margin.
Length inch tegm. (! millim.
Hah. Tenasserim : Myitta {Dolierty).
Besides the above strong difFei'euces in colour and mai'kings
this species may be separated from J. chelonia by the much less
raised longitudinal veins to the tegmina.
Genus TETRICA.
Tetrica, Stdl, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 208 (1866) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Be.ivj.
Iv, p. 46(1886).
Tj'pe, T. fasca, Stal.
Distribaiiou . Oriental and Malaj-an Regions.
Eody oval or suboblong ; head with eyes as broad as pronotum,
not prominently produced in front of eyes ; vertex transverse,
somewhat concave, its margins strongly ridged, with a more or less
distinct central carination and with the anterior lateral angles
distinctly prominent ; face almost equally long as broad, a little
ampliated posteriorly, with a central medial ridge sometimes be-
coming evanescent posteriorly, the lateral margins acute and a
little reflexed, lateral margins of the clypeus ridged ; pronotinn
short, anteriorly and triangulai'ly produced, its base truncate, its
margins ridged and with a more or less well-developed central
z2
li-iO FULGORTD^'E,
cariiiation ; inesoriotum about as long as pi'ouotum, somewhat
convex ; iegs moderately short and robust, posterior tibicie with
two spines ; tegmina slightly narrowed behind the middle, at apex
very obtusely rounded ; radial vein forked at base, two lower
longitudinal veins forked near middle ; wings broad, deeply
emargiuate at apex*.
1 am indebted to Dr. Aurivillius, of Stockholm, for allowing me
to see a cotype of this genus, the T. macuUpennis, Stal, from the
Philippines.
1901. Tetrica fusca, StM, Of v. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1870, p. 757, uote;
Atkins. J. A. S. Benr/.'lv, p. 47 (1886).
" S • Fuscous, subcompressed, legs pallesceut ; eorium and
clavus obsoletely palely sprinkled on disk ; vertex twice broader
than long ; face nearlv equally long and towards the apex broad,
furnished with a single, distinct, obtuse ridge running through it,
continued through the clypeus ; tegmina someuhat broad, gradually
somewhat amplitied from base to near middle, thence distinctly
nari-owed." (Sttd.)
Length inch tegm. 5| millim.
Hab. Burma (Jide Stal).
I have given Stal's description of this species, for although I
possess a specimen from Mergui which I beheve is conspecitic,
I cannot be certain \\ithout seeing the type.
1902. Tetrica bifasciata, sp. n.
Brownish-ochraceous ; face with the antei'ior and latei'al margins
very narrowly black, the central carinate line testaceous and with
a curved pale fascia on each side before clypeus, which is also pale
with its lateral areas darker ; legs with paler longitudinal streaks ;
tegmina brownish-ochraceous with two transverse castaneous
fasciae, between which there is a large pale costal spot, longi-
tudinal veins slightly raised and pale brownish ; eyes castaneous.
Length inch tegm. 5| millim.
Hab. Teuasserim ; Myitta (DoJiertij).
1903. Tetrica viridimixta, sp. n.
Brownish-ochraceous with pale viresceut suffusions ; face
mottled with brown, between which there is a triangular pale
flavescent spot before clypeus giving the appearance of the
posterior margin being triangularly emarginate ; clypeus laterally
piceous ; anterior and intermediate femoi'a and tibias obscurely
* I am extremely doubtful whether this is a constant character, although
stated as so by Stul.
HYSTEEOPTEEUM.
34
fuscously biannulate ; vertex in fresli specimens a\ ith a virescent
tint ; pronotum with the anterior area and a spot at base
ochraceous or pale virescent ; mesonotiim with the posterior angle
Fig. 172. — Tc/rica viral imixta.
virescent ; tegmina brownish ochraceous, the venation with a
virescent tint, a pale virescent spot on ba.sal costal area, and a
large pale longitudinal suffusion beyond middle of costal marginal
area.
Var. The virescent tint obsolete, and the whole submarginal
costal ai'ea of tegmina pale flavous-virescent, the basal spot and
longitudinal suffusion being united.
Length inch tegm. millim.
Hah. Tenasserim ; Myitta (Dohert)/).
Genus HYSTEROPTERUM.
Hvsteropternm, Avri/. S,- Serv. Hem. p. 519 (1843) ; Fieb. Cic. Rtv. et
'^Mng. Zool. 1875, p. 365; Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 76 (1903).
Type //. immaculatum, Fabr., a Paleearctic species.
Distribution. Palaearctic and Oriental Regions.
Head (including eyes) as wide as pronotum ; vertex quadrangular,
about as broad as long, its anterior margin slightly angularlv
produced in front of eyes, its lateral margins ridged ; face scarcely
longer than greatest breadth, posteriorly moderately amnliate,
centrally and sublaterally carinate, the sublateral carinations curved
and meeting at anterior margin ; legs moderately short and stout ;
pronotum a little shorter than mesonotum, truncate ' posteriori}^
and subangularly produced anteriorly, faintly centrally carinate ;
mesonotum with its anterior margin ridged and somewhat widely
tricarinate ; tegmina placed vertically, narrowed to apices which
are rounded, the upper two longitudinal veins forked at about one-
third before their apices and excluding basal area with numerous
faint subobsolete transverse veins.
1904. Hysteropterum subfasciatum, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon,
p. 78 (1903).
Pale brownish-ochraceous ; tegmina with two oblique piceous
342
FULGORID.i;.
fascioe; vertex o£ head smooth, a httle concave; pronotuin with a
.series of very small pale fuscous
tubercles on its lateral margins,
central carination distinct ; meso-
iiotum pale chocolate-brown, the
lateral angles and apex much paler,
the carinatious distinct, its anterior
margin distinctly finely ridged ;
legs a little spotted and streaked
with fuscous ; tegmina with the
longitudinal veins raised, obsoletely
mottled with paler coloration.
Var. Paler and more concolorous
than the typical form (siqira) ;
tegmina without the piceous oblique fascite ; mesonotum paler and
more concolorous.
Length inch tegm. 5 millim.
Hab. Ceylon ; Trincomali (Mas. Ilongrois).
I have again to acknowledge my obligatiou to Dr. Horvath, of
the Budapest Museum, for allowing me to examine and figure a
typical example of this species.
Fig. 173.
H[/sfcroptcn(m snhfasciu! i',:i.
1905. Hysteropterum fusculura, MeJkh. Ilom. Faun. Ceylon, p. 77
(1903).
" Tellowish-brown ; vertex of head twice as broad as long, in
front straightly truncate, augulated and deepened above ; face
distinctly longer, widened and rouudtid to clypeus, with a distinct
central percurreut carination ; face unicolorous, brownish ; pro-
notum as long as vertex, anterior margin obtusely angularly
produced, posterior margin straight, deepened above into a groove
with several smooth granules ; mesonotum with three indistinct
longitudinal carinatious ; tegmina moderately long, broadly
rounded off behind, with three longitudinal veins, the outer
forked at base, and the other two forked at middle of corium, the
veins connected by numerous paler transverse veins ; wings
fuliginous ; bodv beneath and legs brownish-yellow." {Melicliar.)
Length 5 millim.
Hah. Ceylon {Mm. Berlin).
I have failed to apply the above description to any specimen
which has hitherto passed through my hands.
Genus SARIMA.
Sai'ima, Melicli. Horn Fcutii. Ceylon, p. 78 (1903).
Type, S. illihata. Melicti.
Distribution. Ceylon.
Head (including eyes) as wide as prouotum ; vertex subquadran-
gular, its base angularly emarginate, its margins ridged and with
SARIMA. 343
a subobsolete central carinate line ; face somewhat shortly ampli-
ated and rounded posteriorly, before clypeus distinctly sinnate,
basal and lateral margins ridged, a fine central longitudinal
carinatioi], and two anterior central carinations which commence
at about middle of lateral margins and are rounded inwardly and
connected at a little before basal margin ; clypeus short, robust ;
pronotum somewhat short, its base truncate, anteriorly angularly
produced, with a somewhat faint median cariuation ; mesoiiotum
obsoletely tricariuate ; legs of moderate length, posterior tibia?
with two spiues ; tegmina subcoriaceous, the longitudinal veins
distinctly raised, and between them a nnmber of more indistinct
transverse veins, the costal margin a little angularly produced
before middle, the costal membrane broad ^ith an inner curved
vein enclosing a semicircular maculate space, the tegmina are placed
vertically and they are rounded at apices.
] 90G. Sarima illibata, yrelich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 79 (1903).
Head, thorax, and tegmina dark umber-brown ; lateral and
posterior margins and central carina to vertex of head paler and
more ochraceous ; extreme lateral margins of tegmina ochraceous,
and the costal membrane around and beyond the semicircular dark
maculate area greyish-flavescent, some scattered obscure fuscous
spots sometimes becoming somewhat
confluent on apical areas; body beneath
and legs pale ochraceous ; abdomen
beneath with a central discal piceous
maculate fascia ; the vertex of head
has two anterior transverse and two
smaller posterior impressions; eyes
black, ochraceous at extreme base ; the
margins of pronotum, especially its apex,
and more faintly the central carinate
Pig_ 174.— &/■////« illihalu. line, are dull ochraceous ; the cari-
nations to mesouotum are obsolete
and do not quite reach the posterior margin ; the transverse sub-
obsolete veins between the longitudinal veins of tegmina are
somewhat regular, but on the costal area or membrane there are
three or four above the semicircular maculate area, and they
become again distinct a little beyond middle.
Length inch tegm. 5 to G| milhm.
Hah. Ceylon ; Kandy, Pundaluoya {Green).
I have to thank Dr. Horvath, of Budapest, for allowing me to
see a cotype of this species, which is figurec above.
1907. Sarima elongata, Mdic/i. Horn. Faun. Cti/lon, p. SO (1003).
Allied to 'S'. Ulihata, but with the body longer and narrower,
pale yellowish or greenish-brown ; vertex ratlier broader, with
344 FCLGORID.E.
t\\o concavities ; face scarcely longer than breadth at clypeus.
rather narrowed bet\^'een eyes, finely and thickly punctured, not
marked, greenish-yellow or yellowish-brown, with a central ridge
extending to its middle and a transverse ridge running close
below its basal margin and parallel to it, the ends curved down
near outer borders of the face, narrow space between this trans-
verse ridge and the facial margin dark brown ; tegmina rather
long and narrow, semitransparent, transverse veins in hinder area
thicker, in the front half only some isolated transverse veins
other characters as in S. illihata.
" Length 6 to 6| millim."
Mab. Ceylon (Jide Melkliar).
Among the specimens which have passed through my hands, I
have not found one that definitely agrees with the above diagnosis ;
I have therefore reproduced what 1 believe are the salient points
from Dr. Melichar's description.
190S. Sarima cretata, sp. n.
Head, pronotum, mesonotum, and tegmina castaneous-brown ;
body beneath and legs yellowish or pale virescent ; vertex of head
and face either virescent or very pale testaceous-brown, the latter
with the central carination becoming evanescent before apex ;
tegmina with the base obliquely pale ochraceous, at about centre
of costal area a large semihyaline whitish spot outwardly narrowly
margined with pale ochraceous and from the end of the spot to
the apex the costal area is pale ochraceous ; on the disk of each
teo-men there are a few prominent cretaceous tomentose spots,
of which the principal are three in transverse curved series a little
beyond the middle, and a cluster of smaller and more obscure
spots on apical area ; sides of face and the abdomen beneath
rather strongly virescent ; other characters resembling those of
aS'. illihata.
Length inch tegm, 5k millim.
Bab. Ceylon ; Pundaluoya (Green).
Genus GIVAKA, nov.
Type, G. hampsoni., Dist.
Distribulion. British India.
Head (including eyes) about as wide as pronotum ; vertex
moderately porrect, somewhat longly and triangularly produced in
front of eyes, with an obsolete median carination, the lateral
margins distinctly ridged ; face somewhat obliquely convex,
narrowest at base, widened posteriorly, smooth, margins slightly
ridged, with a fine central median carination ; clypeus semiglobose ;
legs moderately short, posterior tibiae with two spines ; pronotum
short, convexly arched anteriorly, truncate posteriorly, faintly
centrallv cariuate ; tegmina placed in an obliquely vertical position,
narrowed to apices, which are truncately rounded, costal margin
VISHNULOKA. 345
obliquely arched to about one-third from base, thence almost
obliquely straight to apex, costal membrane transversely veined,
about apical half coarsely transversely veined, remaining area more
obsoletely marked with transverse veins, second and third longi-
tudinal veins strongly forked near middle, on tlie upper and lower
longitudinal veins beyond middle there are several distinct ovate
cellular areas.
Allied to the Palaearctic genus Mycterodus, Spin.
1909. Givaka hampsoni, sp. n.
Pale brownish-ochracpous, spotted and marked with fuscous ;
vertex of head testaceous, the lateral edges piceous ; face testaceous,
the lateral edge piceous except at a])ical areas, central carination
a little darker except at base and
apex, its lateral areas a little
oblique, anteriorly somewhat in-
curved ; pronotum and mesonotum
pale brownish-ochraceous; tegmina
pale brownish-ochraceous, with a
large irregidarly transverse dark
fuscous patch on basal area, and
an irregularly obliquely longitudi-
nal similarly coloured patch on
Fig. \1').—Ginika hanqmni. apical area, the longitudinal veins
and the transverse veins on apical
half strong and prominent ; abdomen beneath with a central
longitudinal segmental series of large piceous spots, and a series
of small indented spols at lateral segmental margins.
Length inch tegm. 8 millim.
Hab. Nilgiri Hills {Hampson).
Genus VISHNULOKA, nov.
Type, T". prominula, Dist.
Bistrihution. British India.
Allied to Gival-a, but differing in the following characters : — The
face is convex and smooth, without any carination, much narrowed
anteriorly, the vertex is long and porrect, the lateral margins
broadly, roundly prominent; the second longitudinal vein to
tegmina is forked near apex, the lo\^er longitudinal vein forked
near middle, the bifurcations meeting on margin and thus
apparently forming an elongate cellular area, transverse veins less
strongly marked than in Givaka.
1910. Vislmuloka prominula, sp. n.
Pale ochraceous, tegmina with fuscous markings ; vertex of
head longly porrect and acuminate, the lateral margins broadly
prominent and finely transversely wrinlded ; face moderately con-
346 FULGOBID.5:.
vexl_y rounded, very finely transversely striate, its lateral margins
narrowly flasescent ; pronotum granulose ; mesonotuni imperfectly
seen through typical speci-
men being pinned ; tegmina
with a slightly oblique longi-
tudinal piceous fascia, which
commences near middle of
costal margin and terminates
at apex and is inwardlj^
strongly excavate, extreme
edge of basal half of costal
margin piceous and the costal
Fig. 17G. — Vishiiuloka proiiilHula. membrane at this region pale
testaceous ; body beneath and
legs pale ochraceous, the abdomen more or less infuscate centrally
and laterally, the spines to the posterior tibia; concolorous.
Length inch tegm. ]0 millim.
Hah. iSikhim ; Mungphu (Atkinson, CoU. Dist.).
1911. Vishnuloka cuneata, sp. n.
Ochraceous ; tegmina marked with piceous ; vertex of head very
pale brownish-ochraceous, obsoletely wrinkled, the apical area
and a central line pale ochraceous, two piceous si)ots at apex; face
pale brownish-ochraceous, the lateral and apical margins broadly
fiavescent, a short central line of the same colour immediately
before cly])eas and continued through it ; pronotum and meso-
notuni pale brownish-ochraceous, both more or less coarsely
granulose, the granulations to the latter principally arranged on
the lateral margins ; mesonotum with a subobsolete central cari-
nation ; tegmina with a discal longitudinal piceous fascia on
posterior half, wdiich is irregularly excavate on each side ; body
beneath and legs ochraceous ; abdomen more or less suffused with
fuscous ; tibiae somewhat distinctly fuscously bi-annulate.
Lengtli inch tegm. 9 millim.
Hah. Tenasserim ; Myitta {Doherty).
Vertex of head slightly shorter and distinctly less acuminate
than in V. jjromimda, colour-markings also diff'erent.
Genus RADHA.
lladha, Melkh. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 7G (1903).
Type, li. acuminata., Melicb.
Distrlhution. Ceylon.
Head with eyes about as broad as pronotum ; vertex triangularly
produced in front of eyes, moderately concave, its margins slightly
raised and reflexed ; face almost as broad as long, distinctly
forwardly, centrally, laminately produced at base, transversely
depressed before middle, the lateral margins, particularly on
posterior halves, prominently ridged ; clypeus ridged at base ;
DEVAGAMA, 347
antennag short, inserted just beneath eyes ; prouotum short,
depressed before the raised mesonotum, its posterior margin
truncate, its anterior margin convex; mesonotum raised, its
anterior margin suddenly deflected before the depressed pro-
notum ; legs moderately short and robust, posterior tibite not
spined; tegmiua short, broad, ampliated posteriorly, costal margin
angularly rounded, apical margin truncate, the "principal veins
distinctly raised, a number of less distinct transverse veins on
apical area, the central sutural margins of the tegmina for about
halfway from base broadly reflexed and forming a longitudinal
groove.
1912. Eadha acuminata, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 70, t. iii,
f. (3, a (190:J).
Ferruginous-brown ; head with the mai-gins of vertex and base
of face piceous ; eyes dull ochraceous, thickly speckled with
piceous ; uiesonotuni a little paler in
hue, its lateral margins and anterior
lateral angles ferruginous - brown ;
sternum and abdomen beneath pale
ochraceous ; a prominent spot on
each side of mesosternum, the abdo-
minal segmental margins, and each
lateral area of the anal segment
piceous-black ; coxaj ochraceous ;
femora ochraceous, thickly speckled
Fig. \Ti.-l!adha aramhiuta. «/' siifi^sed with ferruginous-brown,
their apices paler ; tibiaB more or less
ferruguious-brown ; tegmina dull ochraceous, on apical area much
suifused with fuscous, on basal half with an irregular broad dark
ferruginous-brown fascia, which is posteriorly and upwardly
reflexed into a discal spot, a spot of the same colour at the apices
of the raised sutural margins, and another on each side of base
behind the apex of mesonotum.
Length inch tegm, 7 millim.
Hah. Ceylon : Nalanda {Mus. Hongrois).
Dr. Horvath has kindly enabled me to examine and figure this
species.
Genus DEVAGAMA, nov.
Type, D. rana, Dist.
Distribution. British India.
Head broad, including eyes as wide as pronotum ; vertex quad-
rangular with a transverse ridge before anteriormargin, its posterior
margin moderately concave, its lateral margins ridged, and a central
ridge in front of the transverse ridge ; face a little concave at ante-
rior margin, laterally posteriorly a little anipliate and rounded,
centrally carinate, and with a curved discal sublateral carination
848
PULGOEID.'E.
on each side : pronutum with its posterior margin truncate,
anteriorly subtriangnlarly produced and with a central hnigi-
tudinal ridge ; mesonotum centrally slightly longer than prouotum
Mith a central ridge, the margins of both pro- and mesonota
carinate ; abdomen short and robust: legs moderately stout and
long ; tegmina placed vertically, strongly ampliated posteriorly,
the apical margin somewhat obliquely truncate with many trans-
verse veins, some of which are obscurely visible ; a distinct sei'ies
of short apical veins, ^^hich are continued round apex on posterior
edge of costal area.
1013. Devagama rana, sp. n.
Bodv and legs brownisb-ochraceous, head and thorax a little
paler
hut
eyes concolorous ; tegmina very pale ochraceous
with a slight virescent tint,
finely but sparsely speckled
with fuscous, a few of the
discal spots being promi-
nent, the costal membrane
pale bright ochraceous ; teg-
mina a little convex on each
side : tibiae somewhat short,
broad, and longitudinally
sulcate ; autennffi inserted
beneath the eyes, the second
joint short and globose.
Fig. 178. — Dei'cir/mna rana.
Length inch tegm. 4 millini.
Hah. " India " {Brit. Mus.).
The specimen on which this genus and species are founded is
without a precise locality beyond the one given above ; it was
derived from the collection once made by the Entomological
Societv of London.
1914. Devagama venosa, sp. n.
Pale brownisb-ochraceous ; apices of femora, bases and apices
of anterior and intermediate tibiae, and apices of anterior tarsi
castaneous-brown ; disk of abdomen beneath castaneous-brown,
the segmental margins piceous ; tegmina with both the longitudinal
veins and the transverse veins on apical area very strongly i-aised
and prominent, and a few somewhat large but obscure piceous
^pots on the apical area ; vertex of head with two basal spots
and a curved piceous line on each side of disk connected trans-
versely a little before apex ; pronotum with t\\ o transverse narrow
tubercles on disk.
Length inch tegm. 5 millim.
Hah. Nilgiri Hills {Hampson).
A species to be recognized by the very prominent venation of the
t emiiina.
NARAYANA.
349
Genus NARAYANA, nov.
Type, JV. rusticitatis, Dist.
JJlstrlhution. British India.
Head short, bro.id, including eyes as wide as pronotum ; vertex
broader than long, with a central median line, the anterior margin
a little concave ; face large, abont as broad as long, slightly
ampliately rounded towards clypeus, its margins carinate, its
surface somewhat transversely \A'rinkled, with a variously shaped
and more or less developed central discal tubercle, a subtnarginal
cariuation on each side truncately connected before anterior
margin and more prominently ti'ansversely connected before
clypeus ; eyes globose, very slightly sinuate posteriorly, antennae
inserted beneath them ; pronotum sjiort, anteriorly subangularly
produced, posteriorly truncate ; legs moderately short and stout ;
tegmina vertical, short and broad, costal margin moderately
convex, apical margin wide and obliquely truncate, the longi-
tudinal veins raised and sparsely furnished with small tubercles,
on apical half a number of well-defined transverse veins, iinier
margins concavely sinuate, convexly ampliate beyond claval area.
1915. Narayana rusticitatis, sp. n.
Head (including face) and the pronotum dull virescent, the latter
less virescent and more brownish ; mesonotum brownish-yellow
with a very slight virescent tint ; body and legs brownish-
ochraceous sprinkled \\ith fuscous ; tegmina brownish-ochraceous,
the venation a little darker and tinted with virescent at base ;
Fig. 179. — Narayana rusticitafis.
face virescent, the extreme lateral margins black, the disk between
the submarginal carinations palely fuscous, with a central ovate
depressed tuberculosity, from which two diverging carinate lines
proceed anteriorly, above and beneath the fuscous disk the surface
is strongly transversely wrinkled ; vertex medially depressed ;
pronotum obscurely centrally carinate ; tegmina somewhat strongly
depressed at the region of the clavus, on the raised margin behind
which there is a prominent transverse tubercle, the apex of the
inner margin convex, the colour of the tegmina is pale brownish-
ochraceous, much darker on about basal halt", especially on its outer
350 ruLGORii).?:.
margin and at claval area, a number of small fuscous tubercles
arranged on tbe veins ; legs strongly suffused or sprinkled with
brownish-ochraceous.
Length inch tegm. (i milhm.
Hah. Ceylon; Peradeniya (G'/'^ch).
1916. Narayana sellata, Mdich. (Hysteropterum) Hom.Fcam. Ceylun.
p. 77, t. iii, f. 8 (1903).
Olivaceous-green with piceous or black marks aud shadings ;
face w ith the disk between the submarginal carinations moderately
concavely depressed, tbickly sprinkled with brownish-oebraceous,
the central tuberculosity narrow, longitudinal, the lateral margins
and the carinatiors bright olivaceous, only very sligbtly trans-
versely wrinkled ; eyes piceous ; vertex olivaceous ; pronotum
posteriorly dull ochraceous and with its lateral margins sjmringly
spotted with fuscous ; mesonotum with a large quadrangular basal
transverse ochraceous spot slightly raised and with a distinct
posterior ridge ; tegmina virescent, the venation dark olivaceous
shaded with black at inner areas, a small olivaceous tubercle
on convex margin behind clavus, the longitudinal A'eins sparsely
ornamented w ith small olivaceous tubercles ; legs ochraceous,
sprinkled with uniber-brown.
Length inch tegm. 5| millim.
Hah. Ceylon; Kandy ((/rceu),
1917. Narayana piceipennis, sp. n.
Ochraceous ; eyes, suffusions to tegmina, and legs piceous ; face
obscurely grauulose, the disk between the sublateral cariuations
sprinkled with fuscous-bro\A"n, posteriorly before clypeus with two
transverse series of piceous spots, discal tuberculosity practically
obsolete ; clypeus with tliree longitudinal fuscous-brown fascia; ;
vertex, pronotum, and mesonotum pale ocbraceous; tegmina shining
piceous with ochraceous suffusions, particulai'ly beneath the costal
area, where the ochraceous coloration almost predominates, there is
also a distinct ochraceous spot on the costal margin where it is
concave, and a very obscure piceous tubercle on basal costal margin
where it is convex ; anterior and intermediate femora and tibitc
piceous, the apices of the former and the bases of the latter
ochraceous ; posterior legs streaked with piceous.
Length incl. tegm. bh millim.
Hall. Ceylon ; Kandy (^Grcen).
1918. Narayana umlbrosa, sp. u.
Pale umber-brown, shaded and marked v\ ith ]Hceous and piceous-
brown ; head with the vertex much shaded with piceous-brown
excepting near apical margin, very concave with the lateral
margins laminately raised on each side above eyes and spotted
with piceous-brown : face thickly mottled with piceous-brown,
the basal margin coiicave, its lateral angles prominent, with a
SAMA^'TIGA.
351
distinct central carinatioii becoming evaueseetit posteriorlv, and
practically terminating on a somewhat A^ell-defined transverse
ridge situate a little before clypeus ; clypeiis and legs thickly
mottled Avith piceous-brown ; coxte, apices of posterior femora,
basal abdominal segment, two discal spots and posterior margin of
second abdominal segment pale ocbraceoas, remainder of abdomen
beneath iimber-brown, obscurely centrally and laterally piceous-
brown ; pronotum and mesonotum mottled with piceous-bro\\ ii ;
tegmina umber-brown with a broad irregular transverse piceous
fascia a little beyond base, and the costal area largelv suffused
with the same colour, the venation coarsely distinct and marked
with a few small tubercles, the inner margin very strongly con-
cavely sinuate and beyond the claval area strongly convexlv
gibbous.
Length incl. tegm. 6| millim.
Hah. Nilgiri Hills (Hampaon).
Genus SAMANTIGA, nov.
Type, S. ahdominalis , Dist.
Distrihution. British India.
Head (including eyes) a little wider than pronotum ; vertex
transverse, broader than long, the margins strongly ridged, its
disk concave, with a central obsolete carination, base of face seen
in front of vertex ; face a little broader tiian long, slightly ampliate
posteriox-ly, with a very distinct central carination, and a narrow
subobsolete linear submarginal carination on each side connected
transversely a little before basal margin; clypeus non-carinate;
eyes large, slightly sinuate posteriorly before the insertion of the
antennae ; pronotum a little shorter than the mesonotum, anteriorly
subtrianguiarly produced, its posterior margin truncate ; tegmina
broad, a little ampliated posteriorly, costal margin obliquely straight
to a little before middle, whence it is straightly deflected to apex,
apical margin somcAAhat couvexly truncate, some transverse veins
before middle giving the appearance of a distinct radial area,
a distinct transverse submarginal vein enclosing a narrow apical
marginal area : legs moderately short and robust, posterior libice
not spined.
1910. Samaiitiga abdominalis,
sp. n.
Body, tegmina, and legs pale
ochraceous ; abdomen beneath
with a broad central maculate
piceous fascia ; face very finely
an dobsoletely granulate ; vertex
with a small obscure fuscous
spot on each side ; pronotum
with, a transverse discal series
with two larger obsciu-e
Samantiga abdominal it<.
of three small tubercles ; mesonotum
352
I-'ULGORID^'E.
tubercles ; teginin;i with many very obscure transverse veinlets
which become more infrequent towards base, the longitudinal
veins distinctly raised.
Length incl. tegm. 6 millim.
}[ah. Xilgiri Hills {Ilamjjson).
Genus SIVALOKA, nov.
Type, >S. Kmacodes, Dist.
Distribution. British India.
Head (including eyes) as wide as pronotum, the vertex a little
broadened at apex, its margins distinctly carinate, the basal margin
<if face visible in front of vertex ; face much broader than long,
distinctly centrally carinate, its basal margin slightly concave,
])Osteriorly concavely excavate before clypeus, which is not per-
ceptibly carinate ; pronotum about as long as mesonotum, its
posterior margin slightly convexly truncate ; legs moderately short
and robust, posterior tibiae not spined ; tegmina placed vertically,
much widened apically, the apical margin truncate, costal margin
gibbous near middle, thence straight to apex, inner margin convexly
dilated at claval area, the disk a little inflated, appearing as a
projection when viewed from above, somewhat prominently trans-
versely veined on about apical two-thirds, a distinct subapical
transverse vein defining a submarginal apical area, which is crossed
bv a few lonsfitudinal veins.
]i)2(>. Sivaloka limacodes, sp. u.
Vertex of head, pronotum, and mesonotum dull ochraceous ;
face, body beneath, and
legs castaneous, the tibiae
and the posterior femora
ochraceous ; abdominal seg-
mental margins beneatli
ochraceous ; tegmina shin-
ing ferruginous - brown ;
vertex of head a little
anteriorly suffused with
brown, the margins very
palely distinct ; face with
a medial transverse line
and some very small submarginal spots ochraceous ; clypeus with
Its lateral areas a little piceous ; tegmina slightly darker on basal
area, the longitudinal veins distinctlv raised; lej
sulcate.
Length excl. tegm. 7 millim.
JIah. " India " (Brit. JIus.).
Fig 181. — SuYfloht limacodes.
5gs distinctly
SUDASIXA. 353
19lU. Sivaloka bipartita, sp. n.
Body and legs brownish-ochraceous ; Lace pale ochraeeous, its
basal margin brownish-ochraceous and with a broad transverse
curved piceous fascia crossing its disk ; a piceous spot on each
side of pronotum, and a piceous apical annulation to the anterior
femora ; abdomen beneath more or less suffused with piceous :
tegmina with about basal lialf pale brownish-ochraceous, the
apical half pale castaneous-brown, inwardly margined with piceous,
a piceous claval streak and a few small spots of the same colour on
basal marginal area, costal area at about middle broadly pale
flavescent or subhyaliue ; pronotum with, a transverse series of
three small tubercles on disk ; mesonotum with a pale raised curved
and broad line between the lateral margins, centrally connected
with the anterior margin by a narro\\ er and only slightly raised
pale line ; central carination to face becoming obsolete posteriorly.
Length inch tegm. 6 millim.
Hah. Tenasserim ; Myitta (Doherfi/).
Genus SUDASINA, nov.
Type, S. testudo, Dist.
Distribution. Cej'lon.
Head (including eyes) a little wider than pronotum ; vertex a
little widened anteriorly, Mith two distinct maculate indentations
near base, the margins finely carinate and with a central raised
longitudinal line, the base of face slightly visible in front of vertex,
\\ hich gives the latter the appearance of being angularly produced ;
face longer than broad, its basal margin concave, almost perpen-
dicularly straight to clypeus which is placed at right angles to it,
disk of face irregularly subrugulose, very slightly ampliated near
middle ; pronotum about as long as mesonotum, its anterior
margin angularly convex, its posterior margin truncate ; tegmina
strongly ampliated towards apices, apical margin convexly truncate,
costal margin very strongly sinuate, its disk a little inflated and,
viewed above, giving the appearance of a lateral protuberance, a
number of transverse veins on about apical two-thirds and a
distinct submarginal apical transverse vein defining a subapical
area, which is crossed by a few longitudinal veins, all the longi-
tudinal veins distinctly raised and somewhat sparsely covered with
minute tubercles ; legs mutilated in typical specimen.
1922. Sudasina testudo, sp. n.
Yei'tex of head, face, clypeus, pronotum, and mesonotum
ochraeeous, more or less thickly sprinkled with castaneous ; body
beneath ochraeeous, more or less suffused with brownish ; legs
VOL. III. 2 A
354
rULGORID.i;.
mutilated in typical specimen ; tegmiua castaneous-brown ; iuner
margins of tegmina near base of medial suture bright ochraceous ;
teo-mina on apical margin with five small ochraceous spots, the costal
margin minutely speckled with ochraceous and at the concave
Fig. 182
sinuation pale ochraceous, longitudinal veins distinctly raised and
sparsely finely tuberculate.
Length inch tegm. 64 milhm.
Hah. Ceylon; Vwu^nhioyix {Green, Brit. Mas.).
Genus LUSANDA.
Lusauda, Stal, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. iii, p. 3i32 (1859) ; Melich.
Faun. Ceylon, p. 73 (1903).
Horn.
Type, L.Jissicejys, Stal.
Distribution. Ceylon.
" Body compi-essed ; head produced, vertex transverse ; face
strongly produced, conical, its apex fissured ; ocelli none ; pronotum
and mesonotuui flat, the latter longer than the former ; tegmina
pendent, obliquely subtriangular, at the commisural junction some-
what concave, apex broad, obliquely truncate, coriaceous, sparingly
reticulate ; posterior tibiae with two spines." {Stal.)
1923. Lusanda fissiceps, Stdl, Berl ent. Zeitschr. iii, p. .322 (1859) ;
Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 73, t. iii, f. 5 (1903).
" Sordidly pale flavescent suffused with fuscous ;
genaa, frontal sinus, and anterior legs fuscous,
minutely irrorated with paler coloration ; anterior
coxa3 and trochanters white, medial coxae with
their bases darkly fuscous ; tegmina granulate,
spotted with fuscous." {Stal.)
" Length inch tegm. scarcely 7 millim."
Hah. Ceylon.
I have not seen this species and have there-
fore copied Stal's description and reproduced
Melichar's figui-e.
Fig. 183.
Lusanda Jissicepi>,
TONGA.
Geuus TONGA.
Cyrene, Westtv. Arc. Ent. ii, p. 35 (1843) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng.
Iv, p. 48 (1886) ; Melich. Wien. ent. Zeit. xx, p. 177 (1901) ; nom.
pi'Eeocc. (Pisces).
Tonga, Kirk. Entoniolo(jist, 1900, p. 242, n. nom.
Type, T. guitulata, Westw., a Sumatrau species.
Distribution. Orieutal and Malayan Eegious.
" Body short, stout, abdomen compressed ; head with a conical
long porrect cephalic process, acute at apex, carinate above at the
sides, ridges obliterated before the apex, posteriorly extended to
the pronotum, eyes large, lateral, emarginate beneath, ocelli none ;
anteuuse small, inserted below the eyes ; pronotum as long as the
mesonotum, disk impressed in the middle with two points ; tegmina
coriaceous, opaque, homogeneous, convex, broad, anterior margin
sinuate, rounded at the apex, posterior angle acute, veins a little
ramose ; legs short, robust, posterior tibia? \\itli three spines ; abdo-
men truncated at the apex, ending in two lobes, funished \\ith a
slender erect appendage, concave at the apex." ( Westiuood.)
The above is practically a copy of Westwood's description, and
is given because I have not seen the only species recorded from
British India, while the shape of the eyes is differently described
in the generic and specific diagnoses.
1924. Tonga westwoodi, Sign. (Cyi-ene) Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1862,
p. 124, t. i, f. o, A, B, C ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. Iv, p. 49 (1886) ;
Melich. (excl. syn.) Wien. ent. Zeit. xx, p. 180 (1901).
" Brownish-yellow' ; a whitish-yellow line extends from the tip
of the head to the end of the tegmina, which have several dots of the
same colour on the disk and are granulate though the whole length.
Fig. 184. — Tonga westwoodi.
so as to have the appearance of being shagreened ; head once aud
a half longer than broad (including the eyes), black at the extremity
and with a whitish-yellow median band, a little elevated, sides
carinate ; face concave at the base and grooved, quadricarinate
towards its upper third, the two median ridges reaching the
2 a2
356 frLGORiD.E.
extremity ot' the head, whereas the t^^-o lateral I'idges proceed
obliquely upward, contour the head, and lose themselves in the
latei-al edges of tlie vertex towards its upper third ; rostrum short,
not extending beyond the posterior coxie ; eyes not emarginate,
oval ; pronotum thrice broader than long, rugose, especially
towards the anterior and posterior borders, with an elevated whitish-
yellow band and on each side a sunken spot ; posterior margin
truncated straightly, anterior convex with a strong emargination
below the eyes ; mesonotum triangular and remarkable for a ridge
or rather transverse fold near the anterior margin and very
distinct from it, this fold appears a little below the latter and
extends from one humeral angle to the other and also a little below ;
tegmina concave, shell-shaped, with the posterior angle acute, the
anterior margin convex, rouuded, a little coucave on reaching the
])osterior angle, posterior or sutural margin straight and whitish,
the entire surface shagreened, veins numerous and branched towards
the tip, several whitish dots on the disk ; wings transparent,
liyaline ; abdomen reddish-yello\\', compressed : legs brownish-
yellow ; posterior femora with two lateral spines to^^"a^ds the
extremit)\'"' {Svjnoret.)
Length excl. tegm. 14 ; exp. tegm. 22 millim.
Hah. Burma? (fide Atlinsou). — Cochin China.
Melichar {supra) has included in the synonymy of this species
the Cyrene fusiformis. Walk., and its synonym Chalepus ancono-
pTioroidcs, AValk., both of which belong to the genus CJialejms and
appertain to the family Cercopidte. He also includes the C. obtusata
of Noualhier, \\hich seems clearly to be also a species of Chalej_ms
or an allied genus.
Genus FLAVINA.
Flaviua, St?d, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fdrh. 1861, p. 201) : Mem. Afr. iv,
p. 206 (1866) • Atkins. J. A. S. Bern/. Iv, p. 41: (1886).
Type, F. gi-amdata, iSttil.
Distribution. Oriental Eegion.
Head (including eyes) distinctly narroA\er than the pronotum ;
vertex subquadrate, its margins ridged ; face about one and a half
times as long as broad, a little rounded before clypeus, centrally
carinate, but the carination obliterated before clypeus and with a
subbasal transverse angulated ridge, between which and the basal
margin are two foveations ; clypeus non-carinate ; pronotum an-
gularly produced behind the vertex, the base truncate ; mesonotum
slightly louger than the pronotum, with a central carination, less
than twice as long as broad ; legs long, posterior tibiae with five
spines ; tegmina a little longer than the abdomen, the costal
margin slightly convex, the radial vein bifurcate near base, the
upper longitudinal vein bifurcate near apex, the second longi-
tudinal vein bifurcate before middle, the two latter united before
middle by a distinct transverse veinlet ; longitudinal veins
prominent, and between them a number of obscure veinlets, thus
rendering the whole surface faintly reticulate.
rL.VYINA,
357
1925. Flavina graimlata, St?d, Ofv. Vet.- Ah. Bh-h. 1861, p. Ln2;
Atkins. J. A. S. Bcn<i. Iv, p. 45 (188(3).
Pale dull yellowish-testaceous, above with a slight dull viresceiit
tint ; anterior angles of
vertex and basal angles of
face piceous ; face with the
lateral margins minutely
spotted Avith pale ochra-
ceous ; pronotum granu-
late, especially on lateral
margins and posterior
area ; mesonotum with a
central carination, on each
side of which is an oblique,
elongate, foveate, tuber-
cular line ; tegmina with
the basal halves of inner
margins on each side of
longitudinal suture closely
and prominently spotted
with black, other distinct
black speckles or spots are
found principally on the
outer and inner longitu-
dinal veins ; medial and
apical annulations to anterior and intermediate femora, subbasal
uunulations and apical areas of anterior tibi?e, and streaks to
posterior femora fuscous-brown.
Length inch tegm. 7 to 8 millim.
Hah. "India" {Brit. J/(ts.); Mussooree {Maclcinnon).
I have not seen the type of this species, but think I have
correctly identified it.
Fig. 185. — Flavina (jnoiulata.
1926. Flavina? striata, sp. n.
Dull ochraceous with a strong virescent tint ; vertex with the
margins ridged and with a distinct central carination ; face with
the carinations very distinct, a piceous spot on each side of the
central carination immediately beneath the fusion of the sublateral
carinse, both the sublateral and central carinfe have a centx\al
piceous line which renders them duplex in appearance ; pronotum
crossed by a number oE longitudinal granulose striations ; meso-
notum with the central carination distinct and with a brownish
raised cariuate line on each lateral area ; tegmina with the veins
prominent, for the most part fuscous, and here and there orna-
mented with small piceous spots ; posterior tibi£e with three spines.
Length inch tegm. 5 millim.
Hah. Tenasserim ; Myitta (Z)o7t(?;-i_y).
I have included this species, for the present, in the genus
Flavina, despite the posterior tibiiB possessing only three spines
358
rULGOEID.T.
and some very minor points of difference in the venation of the
tegmina ; in other characters the species is congeneric, and apart
from the spines on the posterior tibice may at once be separated
from F. granulata by the longitudinally striate pronotum.
Genus NILALOHITA.
Type, N. curculioides, Dist.
Distrihution. Burma.
Head (including eyes) distinctly narrower than pronotum, vertex
subquadrate, its margins ridged; face about twice as long as
broad, its base strongly angularly emarginate, a little ampliately
rounded before clypeus, centrally carinate, the carination becoming
evanescent before its apex, and with a subbasal transverse an-
gulated ridge ; clypeus large and broad, non-carinate ; pronotum
anteriorly angularly produced behind vertex, its posterior margin
truncate ; mesonotum slightly longer than pronotum (the question
as to a central carination undeterminable, owing to the typical
specimen being pinned at that section) ; legs long, posterior tibise
with five spines ; tegmina a little longer than the abdomen, about
twice as long as broad, the costal margin straight or somewhat
concavely sinuate, radinl vein bifurcating at a short distance from
base, upper longitudinal vein bifurcating near apex, between the
longitudinal veins which are prominent are situate a number of
irregular veinlets which give the tegmina a reticulate character.
The Issus hneatus, Walk., from Borneo, is included in this
genus.
027. Nilalohita ciirculioides, sp. n.
Brownish-ochraceous ; vertex to head with the ridges (especially
the lateral ones) somewhat
strong!}^ prominent, its disk
transversely striate ; face and
clypeus smooth, shining black,
their margins ochraceous (dis-
continuous on clypeus) ; pos-
terior femora, apical areas of
anterior and intermediate
femora, basal annulations and
apical areas of anterior and in-
termediate tibiae, and suli'usions
to abdomen beneath pale cas-
taneous ; tegmina reticulately
subcoriaceous, Avith a few
scattered piceous spots, base
of costal area and the trans-
verse reticulate veinlets pale
ochraceous; pronotum coarsely
granulate in each basal lateral
area, its lateral margins very finely spotted Avith fuscous : the
Fif. 186. — Nil(floJ//k( curcuUoidc^
HEMISPH.EltlUS. 359
spines to posterior tibia3 loug and concolorous ; tibiae prominently
longitudinally sulcate.
Length ind. tegra. 11 millim.
Hab. Burma ; Euby Mines (Dohert)/).
Genus HEMISPH^RIUS.
Hemisphserius, Sc.haum, in Ersch cV Gruher Allq. Enc. Wissensch .
Kiinste, \, p. 71 (1850) ; SfM, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 203 (1866) ; Atkms.
J. A. S. Bcncj. Iv, p. 44 (1880) ; Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon,
p. 74 (1903).
Type, H. coccineUoides, Barm., from the Philippines.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
Apical joint of rostrum longer than thick, oval, oblong, or
elongate ; tegmina entirely convex, distinctly or obsoletely veined,
sometimes the venation is apparently absent ; clavus and corium
counate, no claval suture ; body depressed ; vertex narrower than
eyes or subequal in breadth ; pronotum truncate at base, sinuate
behind the eyes, the sides behind the eyes hardly visible from
above ; posterior tibiae bispiuose ; anterior femora simple.
These insects have a strong superficial resemblance to the
Coccinellidae, or " lady-bird " beetles. It is probably owing to
the well-known variation existing in some of the species of those
Coleoptera, that a similar amount of variability has been suspected
in these Homoptera. I do not think this exists in anything like
the extent predicated by some writers, and in most eases, where I
have been able to examine a fair series of specimens, a usual
amount of specific constaucy is observable.
A. Face iinicolorous, witliout Jonfjitudinal fascic.
1928. Hemisphaerius rufovarius, Walk. List Horn. Stqjpl. p. 95
(1858) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. \\, p. 44 (1886).
Head (including face), pronotum, and mesonotum testaceous ;
t\vo spots at base of face (seen from above in front of vertex),
pronotum (excluding a central
fascia), central fascia, and a large
oblique spot in each lateral angle
to mesonotum pale ochraceous ;
tegmina very dark ochraceous, the
lateral margins from a little beyond
base broadly flavescent ; clypeus
black ; body beneath and legs
^ _ ^ apparently ochraceous, but im-
p- J3-- perfectly seen, owing to the typical
Hc,nwpTi(Brius rufovarius. specimen being in a carded con-
dition ; tegmina finely granulose,
much more obsoletely so on flavescent margin ; eyes fuscous, their
'AGO ruLGORiD^i;.
iuner margins ochraceous ; mesonotum somewliat obscurely
'Arinkled, its central fascia moderately ridged.
Length incl. tegm. 4^ millim.*
Hab. Burma (Brit. 31 us.).
1929. Hemisphserius testaceiis, sp. n.
Testaceous-red ; vertex of head with the anterior margin
virescent ; face testaceous-red, its apical margin ochraceous or
virescent ; clypeus black ; pronotum with transverse virescent
spots ; mesonotum with a central fascia and the basal lateral
angles virescent ; tegmina testaceous, their inner, apical, and
costal margins somewhat broadly ochraceous with a virescent tint,
their surface finely granulose ; body beneath and legs ochraceous
with a virescent tint, posterior femora streaked with piceous.
Var. Tegmina with a short curved virescent fascia near base of
costal area.
Length incl. tegm. 4.4 millim.
Hab. Tenasserim ; Myitta (DoJierti/).
1930. Hemisphserius virescens, sp. n.
Pale virescent ; head, pronotum, and mesonotum with an
ochraceous or very pale testaceous tint ; vertex of head with the
anterior margin dark virescent ; face unicolorous, clypeus black ;
pronotum with transverse dark virescent spots ; mesonotum wdth
a central fascia and the basal angles dark virescent; tegmnia pale
virescent, unicolorous, finely granulose ; body beneath and legs
greenish -ochraceous, the tarsi piceous ; inner margins of eyes
beneath piceous.
Length incl. tegm. 5 millim.
Hah. Tenasserim ; Myitta (Dolierty).
This species, save in its distinct coloration, is allied to the
preceding species H. testaceiis. It is, however, larger, and there
is nothing to denote that such diverse forms, of which I possess
a series of each, can, or should, be considered conspecific
1931. HemisphaerillS secimdus, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 7-5
(1003).
Body, legs, and tegmina pale virescent ; eyes brownish ; a
lateral, linear, marginal spot on each side of face before clypeus,
a spot on each side of mesosternum, apical margin of clypeus, bases
of antei'ior femora, and a spot at apices of all the femora black ;
vertex of head with its lateral margins rather tuberculously ridged ;
face practically coucolorous, its extreme lateral margins slightly
more intensely virescent ; apical lateral areas of clypeus a little
* Walker has given the dimensions of the species as "Length of the body
1| hne; of the wings 4 lines"; this is quite inapplicable to the type specimen.
HEMispir.TiRir.s. 361
bi'ownish ; pi-onotum with a distinct ceutral cariuatiou ; meso-
iiotum faintly transversely striate, «ith a short prominent
longitudinal carination on each side of disk ; tegmina verv finely
granulose.
Length incl. tegm. o millim.
Hah. Ceylon ; Anuradhapura, Mihintale {Miis. Honrp'ois).
Dr. Horviith, of Budapest, has kindly enabled nie to see a
cotype of this species.
B. Face with a medial red fascia.
1932. Hemisphserius schaumi, Stal, Of v. Vet. -Ak. Fork. 186-j, p. 191 ;
Melich. (excl. syii.) Horn. Faun. Coi/loii, p. 74 (1903).
" Sordidly flavescent ; face flavo-virescent, \^ith a medial red
fascia : hemelytra sordidly subhyaline, the anterior costal margin
black, a small spot at base of suture, and two siibmedian sub-
curved oblique llavous lines." (StdJ.)
A very variable species in coloration, the ground-colour of the
tegmina (excluding margins) dull ochraceous or frequently black,
the margins, however, and the oblique line and spots always pale
virescent ; anterior margin of mesonotum black ; anterior tibise
more or less spotted and streaked with piceous ; face with a single
central red fascia.
Length incl. tegm. 5 to 6 millim.
Hah. Ceylon ; Maskeliya (Green).
1933. Hemisphserius nilgiriensis, sp. n.
Head, pronotum, mesonotum, body beneath and legs pale
ochraceous ; head with the disk of vertex testaceous and with a
few black dots, sometimes wholly black ; face somewhat narrow,
with a very broad central longitudinal red fascia ; clypeus with
two red fasciae ; mesonotum testaceous, with three large pale
ochraceous spots ; hemelytra flavescent, the venation close, promi-
nent, somewhat reticulate, a moderately broad sublateral fascia
terminating at a little before apex on inner margin, a broader
central transverse fascia, from Avhich there posteriorly bifurcates a
short oblique fascia to suture, black ; body beneath speckled A\ith
fuscous, legs more or less streaked with piceous or black.
Length incl. tegm. 4 millim.
Hah. Nilgiri Hills (//«;»psou). Utakamand (.liHus. Coll., Brit.
Mus.).
1934. Hemisphaerius reticulatus, sp. n.
Pale ochraceous, varying in depth of tint ; head with the vertex
]iale testaceous, with a few piceous spots ; face with a central
fascia and the lateral margins testaceous ; clypeus with two longi-
tudinal fascia? testaceous ; pronotum with the margins black,
sometimes wholly of that colour ; tegmina with the venation very
362 rL'LGORiD.i:.
dense and somewhat closely reticulate ; legs more or less streaked
with piceous or black, bases of the anterior and intermediate
tibiae black ; posterior tibiae ^^ith two black spines.
Length inch tegm. 4^ millim.
Hab. Nilgiri Hills {Hampson). Utakamaud and Kotagiri
{Atlcins. Coll., Brit. Mvs.).
The closely reticulate venation of the tegmina is a distinctive
character of this species.
1935. Hemisphserius elongatus, sp. w.
Very pale flavescent ; vertex of head with the disk piceous ;
face with a central red longitudinal fascia; tegmina with about
posterior third tawny-grey inwardly margined \\'\t\\ umber-brown,
an oblique piceous fascia commencing near apical angle of meso-
notuui and terminating on costal margin at commencement of the
tavny-grey area, claval area tinted with tawnj-brown, and a
costal submarginal piceous line which does not extend to base :
body beneath more or less suifused with fuscous ; vertex of head
very strongly foveately excavate ; body elongate.
Length inch tegm. 5 millim.
Hah. Utakamand {Atlcins. Coll., Brit. Mus.).
C. Face iviiJi tivo longitudinal red fascia:-.
193G. Hemisphserius bipustulatus, Wall-. List Horn. Suppl p. 95
(l.^os).
HemisphcT?rius schamni, Melich. (part.) Horn. Faun. Ceylon, yi. 74
(19U3).
Head (including face), pronotum, and meson otum pale ochra-
ceous ; face with two sublateral red fasciae ; tegmina very dark
oehraceous, their posterior lateral margins very broadly palel}-
Havescent, their antei'ior lateral margins with two black marginal
lines ; body beneath and legs oehraceous, tegmina finely granulose.
Vertex a little narrower and face narrower at base and more
distinctly ampliated near middle than in B. schaumi; markings of
the hemelytra and face also distinctive.
Length iucl. tegm. 5 millim.
Hcd:). Ceylon (Claiming, Brit. 21ns.).
1937. Hemisphserius duhius, Butl. A. M. N. H. (4) xvi, p. 97. t. iv.
f. 17 (l.s7r)).
Hemisphforius scliaumi, Melich. (part.) Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 74
(190.3).
Allied to H. hipustulatus, but with face a little broader betv een
eyes, and the granulosity of the tegminal surface much more
hemisph.t:ritjs. 363
pronounced ; iu colour principally^ differing by the presence of a
very large and broad oblique black fascia commencing on eacli
tegmen at base of sutui'e, curved at their apices and terminating a
little beyond middle of disk and a little before costal margin, an
irregular black spot on each side of suture before middle and a
smaller spot before apex.
Length inch tegm. 5| millim.
Iluh. Ceylon ; Earaboddo (Nietner, Brit. Mus.).
D. Face with two linear hlacJc fascice.
193b. Hemisphaerius herbaceus, Kirln/. J. Linn. >Soc., Zool. xxiv,
p. 147 (1891).
Hemisphaerius schaumi, Melicli. (part.) Ho)n. Faun. Ceylon, p. 74
(1903).
" Green, finely punctured ; face with two parallel black lines,
widest in the middle, and separated by a yellowish stripe ; tegmina
green, finely punctured, slightly transparent and reticulated, base
of costa with two parallel rufous-brown lines, and a very narrow-
yellowish edging continued round the rest of the tegmina, except
on the inner margin ; pectus, pleura, and abdomen A\ith blaclv
stripes, those on the abdomen transverse ; legs green, lined with
black ; tarsi testaceous, claws black." (Kirby.)
Length inch tegm. 54 millim.
Hah. Ceylon ; Pundaluoya (Green).
I have copied Mr. Kirhy's description, which adequately
diagnoses the species. He also remarks : — " The black stripes on
the face distinguish this s])ecies from any other known from
Ceylon." Dr. Melichar has placed it as a variety of //. schav.mi,
but it differs from that species not only by the differently coloured,
but between eyes narrower face, differently marked tegmina, &c.
1939. Hemisph£eriiis venosus, sp. n.
Ochraceous, tegmina and legs marked with piceous ; eyes pale
ochraceous ; face somewhat narrow, especially between the eyes,
its lateral margins flavescent, sublateral margins black, central
fascia red, its disk finely transversely striate ; clypeus red, its
lateral margins black, its margins at base flavescent ; legs more or
less streaked with piceous ; tegmina with the veins reticulate,
prominent, and very distinct, a broad curved piceous fascia crossing
basal area, widest at inner and narrowest at costal margin, at about
middle it is connected with posterior margin by a short and
straight fascia, thus enclosing an ochraceous spot, on apical area
some irregular piceous shadings which are mostly linear, at bases
the tegmina are distinctly strongly impressed.
364 FULGoraD^.
Vai'. Tegmina only exhibiting faint and narroM^ traces of the
piceous fasciae.
Length inch tegni. 54 millira.
Bah. Tenasserim ; ]\Jyitta {Dolierty).
The principal structural character distiuguishing this species is
found in the prominent venation of the tegmina.
Genus HEMISPH^ROIDES.
Hemisphseroides, Melich. Hum. Faun. C'ci/lon, p. 7-"i (1903).
Type, //. (meoniger, Melich.
Distribution. Ce5dou.
" tSemicircular, similar to IlemispJwrius, but with the face not
separated from the vertex but passing gradually into its surface,
which is arched, vertical, narrowed between the eyes, expanded
below to clypeus and j^erfectly smooth : clypeus broadly triangular,
placed horizontally and at right angle to surface of face ; eyes
very flat ; pronotum very narrow, band-like, broadest in the
inicldle and greatly narrowed at the sides ; mesonotum large, tri-
angularly convex, not keeled ; tegmina semicircular, strongly
arched ; posterior tibire with two spines." (MeUchai'.)
1040. Hemisphaeroides aBiieoniger, Melich. Horn. Faun. Cei/hn,
p. 7-3 (1903).
Piceous, shining ; a central fasci-
ate line to mesonotum, continued
for a short distance along sutural
margins of tegmina, pale castaneous-
brown ; eyes dull pale ochraceous ;
posterior margin of pronotum
narrowly pale castaneous-browu :
body beneath and legs (indistinctly
L^io- IbS seen in carded specimen) naore or
Bc„>/.<p}t(sro/det< (si/ro»u/n: less ocliraceous ; tegmina very finely
granulose ; face unicolorous.
Length inch tegm. 4 millim.
JIab. Ceylou : Nalanda (J\Iu.s. Hojitjrois).
I have figured and described a cotype kindly forwarded to me
by Dr. Horvath, of Budapest.
1941. Hemispliseroides lineatus, Melich. Horn. Faun. Ccijlon, p. 76
(1903).
Head and face reddish-ochraceous, smooth, shining, posterior
margin of the latter black ; clypeus very pale ochraceous ; eyes
very pale ochraceous, more or less suffused with piceous ; pronotum
reddish-ochraceous ; mesonotum black, with a pale ochraceous
central longitudinal fascia ; tegmina black, with the folloxA'ing pale
rxEKiLiA. 363
ochraceoLis markings — narrow costal marginal and submarginal
fasciae, three discal fascia? emerging from a common stem at base,
the central one apically forked, not extending beyond commence-
ment of apical area, the innermost terminating at about centre of
sutural margin ; tegmiua very finely graniilose.
Length incl. tegm. 4 millim.
Hah. Ceylou ; Nalauda (J/«s. //o^r/ro/s).
Genus PTERILIA.
Pterilia, St&l, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. iii, p. 3i^2 (1859) ; MeUclu Horn.
Faun. Ceijlon, p. 80 (1903).
Type, P. ceifloncnsis, Stal.
Distribution. Ceylon.
Body ovate, transverse ; head (including eyes) a little narrower
than pronotum, vertex slightly prominent in front of eyes, trans-
verse, on each side subcarinately elevated ; face oval, base pro-
foundly sinuate with three central longitudinal carinations, the
two lateral carinations curved inwardly, strongly posteriorly and
less strongly anteriorly, the central carination acute : clypeus
convex ; pronotum transverse, posterioi'ly sinuately truncate,
anteriorly angularly produced between the eyes; mesonotum about
as long as the pronotum ; tegmina broad, moderately obliquelv
deflected, ampliate, broader than the abdomen, subcoriaceous,
venation somewhat coarse and reticulate, the costal membrane
narrow at basal area, more or less excavately sinuate, its apex
obtusely angulately produced ; posterior tibia with two spines.
1942. Pterilia ceylonensis, Stdl, Bed. ent. Zeitschr. iii, p. 322 (1859) :
Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 81, t. iii, f. 4, a (1903).
Head, pronotum, mesonotum, and
tegmina olivaceous - brown ; bodv
beneath and legs pale testaceous-
brown ; vertex of head with the
lateral areas piceous ; face pale oliva-
ceous, the central carination per-
current but less developed behind
middle, the areas between the sub-
lateral carinations and the outer edges
sprinkled with piceous ; clypeus with
Fig IS^.—Fierilia ceylonensis. ^^^ whole central area piceous ; legs
annulated with piceous ; tegmina with
the costal margin much angularly excavate, the costal membrane
subhyaline with the transverse veins olivaceous-broA\'n, the disk
with the basal area greenish, the remaining area more or less
testaceous-brown, but with all the veins olivaceous-green.
Length incl. tegm. 10 to 12 millim.
Hah. Ceylon; Kandy (Green).
366 FULGORID.i;.
1943. Pterilia signata, sp. u.
Closely reseuabling P. ceylonensis, but differing in the following
characters ; — The margin of the costal membrane is considerably
less angularly excavate ; the central carination to face almost
obsolete behind middle; tegmina (excluding costal membrane)
coucolorous, with some small but prominent black spots, of which
the principal are three pairs arranged on each side of the median
suture, and three more spots placed wide apart but in longitudinal
series on the disk of each tegmeu ; legs annulated with piceous,
the posterior femora nearly wholly piceous.
Length iucl. tegm. 10 millim.
Hah. Ceylon ; Kandy and Galagedara {Green).
1944. Pterilia piceata, sp. n.
Head \\it\\ the vertex olivaceous, the anterior margin narrowly
and the lateral areas broadly piceous ; face much sprinkled and
mottled with piceous, the carinations piceous, the central carination
percurrent but less developed behind middle ; clypeus piceous, its
latex'al margins ochraceous ; pronotum and mesonotum piceous ;
legs piceous, slightly mottled at parts with ochraceous ; tegmina
piceous, an obscure costal spot before middle and a large elongate
costal spot behind middle, which almost reaches apex, ochraceous,
costal membrane hyaline with the transverse veins piceous, the
venation of the tegmina is wholly piceous except on the posterior
ochraceous costal spot, where it is virescent ; the lateral elevations
of the vertex of head are very prominent and subacute.
Length inch tegm. 11 millim.
Hah. Ceylon; Kandy (Crreen).
Genus PTERYGOMA.
Pterygoma, Melich. Horn. Faun. Veijlon, p. 81 (1903).
Type, P. nasuta, Melich.
BistribiUion. Ceylon.
" Ver}^ like PleriUa, but distinguished from that genus by the
front of the head, which is drawn out at an acute angle, before its
apex there is an angularly broken or interrupted transverse ridge,
a similar ridge at back of neck with the corners directed forward ;
the front angles of face are not produced into a point as in
Pterilia ; at base of mesonotum there is a transverse keel con-
necting the short lateral keels together ; tegmina as in Pterilia,
but the callosities in clavus absent ; posterior tibite with two
spines.*' {Melichar.)
1945. Pterygoma nasuta, Melich. Horn. I aim. Ceylon, p. 81, t. iii,
f. 7 (190;J).
" Dirty greenish-brown irregularly spotted with black, upper
part of vertex as well as underside of projection of face thickly
PTERYGOMA. 307
sprinkled with black, becoming almost unicolorous black, on sides
of face the black sprinkliugs coalesce into larger
spots ; a large black spot on each side of meso-
notum ; tegmina greenish-browu, veins brown to
black, cells in places tilled up with reddish-
brown, the costal membrane hyaline, traversed
by simple or in places forked veins, which as well
as the costal margin itself are set with erect
gTeenish hairs, similar erect bristles are also
FitJ. 190. visible on the head ; wings black, thickly irregu-
Fterygoma namta. larly reticulate ; legs spotted and striped with
black." {Melichar.)
Length, c?, 11 millim.
Hah. Ceylon,
I have not seen this species, and can only reproduce
Dr. Melichar's description and figure.
11J46. (xen. ? pectinipennis, Gaer. (Issus) Voif. Belanq. Ind. Orient.
p. 475 (1834) ; Spin. Ann. Soc. Bnt. Fr. \n\,'-^. 347 (1839) ;
Atkins. (Issus ?) J. A. S. Bemj. Iv, p. 47 (1886).
" Luteous, spotted with black ; head transA'erse, anteriorly tri-
spinose, one obtuse point in front of each eye and one forming a
prolongation of the vertex ; tegmina anteriorly dilated, luteous or
ochraceous-yellow, with some small tubercles and short transverse
streaks black ; wings bruuneous ; body beneatii yellow variegated
with black ; legs flavescent ; the anterior margin of the tegmina
is spinose, it comprises a limbus outside the radius as broad as the
external flap of the wing, about half a line, transparent, vitriform,
or like an exceedingly fine plate of talc, furnished throughout w ith
oblique veins (parallel to each other) contrasting in colour and
substance with that of the limbus itself ; these veins when the
limbus is injured stand out like the teeth of a comb and give a
peculiar appearance to the insect ; the face is ascendiug, and is
divided from the base to the upper margin into three facettes
which form between them obtuse angles ; the median increases
from below upwards and reaches the vertex, and is divided by a
longitudinal ridge which descends from above and loses itself
towards the middle of the face ; the two interior facettes rise a
little higher than the median, but without converging above it,
they bend outwards and in an acute and prominent point above
the eyes ; vertex broader than long, concave, margins gently
raised, anterior bisinuate, posterior weakly emarginate ; median
lobe of pronotum broad, I'ounded." {8j)inoln.)
Length lU ; exp. tegm. 23 millim.
Hah. Bengal.
I have not seen this species.
36S
rULGOEID.E.
Genus EGROPA.
Egropa, Melich. Horn. Fmin. Ceylon, jj. 82 (1903).
Type, E. inusta, Melich.
Distribution. Ceylon .
" Vertex o£ head twice as broad as long, not passing the eyes,
broadly rounded in front and divided by a sharp keel from base of
face, posterior niargiti straight, lateral margins short, diverging in
front ; eyes semicircular, prominent ; face rhomboidal, at clypeus
half as broad as base, the lateral margins slightly curved inward,
disk of face consisting of two planes inclined toward each other,
the upper disk almost vertical and compressed in a semicircular
arch, the lower disk almost horizontal, on a side view there is a
distinct prominence at the middle of the upper facial margin :
clypeus broad and shortly triangular ; rostrum extending to middle
coxce ; antennte passing eyes, basal joint very short, second joint
nearly three times as long as broad, cylindrical ; pronotum rather
longer than vertex, broader than head, anteriorly broadly rounded,
posteriorly straight, at lateral margins obliquely truncated, disk
arched with a shallow transverse depression ; mesonotum one-
third longer tlian pronotum, sharply triangular, above Hat or
slightly arched ; tegmina like parchment, trans^'ersely arched and
owing to the costal margin being slightly impressed at base and
laminately overlapping in\^ardly is slightly directed downward,
the tegmina are also rounded apically, veins in corium verj^ indis-
tinct; legs short and strong, posterior tibiae unarmed." (Melichcir).
Dr. Melichar has placed this genus at the end of the Issino', and
states that it belongs to the " Subtrib. Tettir/oritctrini,'' to which,
however, no reference is given.
1947. Egropa inusta, Melich. Horn. Faun. Cci/lon, p. 82, I. iii, f. 1:5, a
(1903).
" Body olive-green ; tegmina very finely sprinkled with red
Fig. 191. — Egropa inusta.
dots and speckles, giving them an appearance of being coloured
reddish-broM n : front margin of vertex darker and behind it
EICANIIN.!::. 369
extremely narrowly impressed, so that the margin of the face
appears somewhat raised ; face dirty green to brownish to above
the protuberance, beneath pale green, both the zones sharply
defined ; antennae yellow ish-bi'own ; eyes brown ; tegmina finely
wrinkled and punctured, provided with an indistinct pale transverse
band situate a little beyond middle, and margined with a reddish
line on each side, a rather paler spot with red speckles near base :
wiugs smoky brown, traversed by dark veins ; abdomen olive-
green ; legs greenish-yellow or dirty brownish-yellow, apices of
spines to posterior tibia) rusty-brown."' (Melichcn'.)
" Length 5 ; breadth of tegm. 2^ millim."
Ifab. Ceylon ; Peradeniya (fide Melichar).
I have not seen this species.
Subfamily X. RICANIINiE.
Ricaniida, StcV, Hem. Afr. iv, pp. 131 & 219 (1866).
Eicaniina, Stal, Ofi: Tef.-AJc. Fdrh. 1870, p. 764; Atkins. J. A. S.
Benff. Iv, p. 49 (1886).
Ricaniidas, Melich. Monoqr. Ann. Hofinus. Wien, xiii, p. 197 (1898) :
■id Horn. Fmm. Ceylon, p. 83 (1903).
Head broad or very broad, sometimes a little narrower than the
pronotum ; lateral margins of clypeus frequently not ridged ;
prouotum posteriorly roundly sinuate, either ^\■ithout carinations
or with only a central one ; mesonotum very large and long ;
tegmina flat, more or less ample, costal area dilated, costal mem-
brane transversely veined or reticulated ; posterior tibise spinose,
basal joint of posterior tarsi somewhat short.
Dr. Melichar has monographed the liicaniince, and has thus
considerably aided our study of the subfamily ; he, however, had
not examined Walker's types, and has surcharged his synonymy
with many distinct species described by that writer. Stal in 1SG2
examined Walker's tj^pes and published an excellent ci'iticism on
them, which was by,, some regarded as extreme; Melichar, how-
ever, without the opportunity of seeing those types, has gone
farther, and in many cases too far.
Division BICANIINARIA.
Ricanini, Melich. Ann. Ilofmus. Wien, xiii, p. 204 (1898).
Face broader than long, or as broad as long ; sides of clypeus
not ridged.
Synopsis of Genera.
A. Longitudinal venation to tegmina somewhat
dense, the veins placed close together,
a. Apical margin of tegmina longer than inner
margin Pochazia,ji. 370.
VOL. III. 2 B
370 fulgorid.t:.
b. Apical margin of tegmina about as long as
inner margin Ricania, p. 37o.
c. Apical margin of tegmina mucb shorter than
inner margin Peivesa, p. 38(i.
B. Longitudinal venation to tegmina less dense
than in sect. A, the veins moderately well
separated. [p. 382.
a. Four vein^i emitted from basal cell of tegmina. Ricanopieka,
b. Three veins emitted from basal cell of tegmina. Euricania, p. 385.
Genus POCHAZIA.
Pochazia, Amy. ^- Serv. Hem. p. 528 (1843); Stdl, Rio Jan. Hem.
ii, p. 70 (1858) ; Melick. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xiii, p. 20G (1898).
Type, P. fasciata, Fabr., an Ethiopian species.
Distribution. East Palaearctic, Ethiopian, Oriental, and Malayan
Eegions.
Head (including eyes) as wide as pronotum, vertex broad and
narrow ; face broader than long, with central and sublateral cari-
nations, which frequently become evanescent posteriorly; clypeus
not marginally ridged ; pronotum narrow, centrally ridged ; nieso-
notum very long, with five carinate lines, the central one straight,
on each side of which is an inwardly and anteriorly curved line
which converge somewhat closely togetlier on anterior margin, and
each outwardly bifurcating near middle in a straight longitudinal
carination to, or near, anterior margin ; tegmina strongly ampliated
apically, broad, triangular, the apical longer than the inner margin,
the longitudinal veins much furcate, two ti*ansverse lines formed
by transverse veins on apical areas where the veins are close,
numex'ous, longitudinal, and in many cases furcate, the interior
longitudinal vein emitting many ramifications ; posterior tibia>
with two spines.
A. Tegmina and unngs witJi pah medial transverse fascice.
1948. Pochazia interrupta. Walk. List Horn, ii, p. 428 (1851), nee
J. Linn. Soc, Zool. i, p. 91 (1856) ; Stdl (Ricania), Ofv. Vet.-
Ak. Fork. 1862, p. 491 ; Atkins. J. A. S. Bemj. Iv, p. 56 (1886) ;
Melich. (excl.syn.) (Pochazia) An7i. Hufmns. Wien, xiii, p. 210,
nee fig. (1898).
Body piceous-black ; base of abdomen and legs more or less
piceous-brown ; tegmina piceous-brown, centrally crossed by a
broad oblique white fascia, which extends fi'om the inner margin
for about three-fourths across tegmen and is then between its apex
and the costal margin followed by a subquadrangular white spot,
on extreme apical margin are some very minute and scarcely
noticeable pale spots which extend for about one-third the length
from posterior angle, two dark transverse lines formed by trans-
verse veins on apical area, the innermost very irregular, and a
POCHAZIA.
371
similar sliort curved diseal line ; posterior wings with a broad
obliquely transverse white fascia near middle ; pronotum with its
margins ridged and with a central carination ; mesonotum with five
carinations, one central and percurrent and two diseal and curved,
the latter at about middle connected with anterior margin by a
straight carinate line (these carinations are imperfectly shown in
the figure) ; face with a central percurrent carination, and with a
Fig. 192. — Vocliazia interrupt a.
short anterior sublateral carinate line on each side ; posterior
tibifB with two strong spines ; tegmina with the apical margin
almost obliquely straight, apex not produced.
Length excl. tegm. Tj to 8 ; exp. tegm. 13 to 15 millim.
Hah. Malabar {^Brit. Mns.). — Siamese Malay States (Annandale
tf- Robinson).
Dr. Melichar (supra) has included the Celebesian P. inclyta.
Walk., as a synonym of this species. This is incorrect ; the
Celebesian insect, apart from its different markings, may be dis-
tinguished by the distinct falcate apices of the tegmina, a character
long since pointed out by Wallace as appertaining to Celebesian
Rhopalocera. Melichar's figure also does not apply to AValker's
typical form of the species.
194U. Pochazia confusa, sp. u.
Pochazia iuteiriipta, Melieh. {nee Walk.) Ann. Hofmus. Wien,
xiii, t. ix, f. 15 (1898).
Body above and beneath piceous-black ; legs piceous-brown,
tibiae a little paler; tegmina piceous-brown with the following
white markings — a broad transverse fascia just beyond middle of
tegmen commencing on inner margin and terminating at about
one-fourth of its length from costal margin, above which and
usually distinctly separated is a subtriangular spot also not reach-
ing costal margin and preceded by a very small costal spot, and
three or four elongate widely-separated spots on apical margin ;
wings piceous-brown with a broad central oblique transverse
white fascia ; mesonotum with five carinations, one central and
percurrent, with an oblique diseal carination on each side not
reaching posterior margin, its apex straightly connected with the
anterior margin ; pronotum distinctly centrally carinate ; face with
2b2
372 ruLGOBiD.i.
the central carination short, scarcely reacliing middle; tegmina
with the apical margins ohliquely straight.
Var. Body and legs nmher-brown ; face \\ ith a large central
piceous spot.
Length excl. tegm. 9 : exp. tegra. 34 millim,
Hab. Assam ; Marglierita (BoJieriif). Burma ; Karen Hills
(Dohertj/). — Japan (Brii. 3Ivs.)
The Japanese form constitutes the variety ahoxe described.
1950. Pocliazia angulata, K/rh/ (Ricania), J. Linn. Soc, Zool. xsiv,
p. 152 (ISiU); Melich. (Podiazia) Ami. Hofmus. Wien, xiii.
p. 211 (1898) ; id. Horn. Fcnm. Ceyhm, p. 83 (1903).
Head and thorax piceous-hlack, abdomen piceous-bro^\■n, legs
testaceous ; tegmina piceous-brown, crossed beyond middle by an
oblique strongly angulated white fascia commencing near inner
margin, very strongly angulated at a little beyond middle and then
]larro^\■ly continued towards but not reaching apex, a transversely
elongate, subangnlate white spot on costal margin at about two-
thirds from base ; wings piceous-brown with a subangulate trans-
verse M-hite fascia extending across disk for about three-fourths
from costul tow ards anal margin ; face with a ver}' fine central
carination becoming evanescent posteriorly, and with very indistinct
short !-ublateral carinations ; mesonotum very elongate, the carina-
tions as in i)receding species ; tegmina with the costal margiji
strongly convex on basal area, thence distinctly concave before
apex, apical margin nearly obliquely straight, apex a little con-
vexly angulate.
Length excl. tegm. 8; exp. tegm. 24 to 2S millim.
Ilah. Ceylon; Pundaluoya and Peradeniya (6Vf«i).
B. Terj'inina and winr/s without medial transverse fasciae ; tegmina
xisuaJly more or less ixdely maculate, sometimes with only a pale
spot on costal manjin.
1951 . Pochazia fuscata. Fair. (Cicada) Ent. Si/sf. iv, p. 28 (1794) :
i(t. (Flata) Ent. Syst. Siqjpl p. 518 (1798) : Stdl (Eicania,
Pochazia), Hem. Fabr. ii. p. 104 (1879); Afkins. (Pticania) J.
A. S. Beny. \\, p. 53 (1886).
Pceciloptera autica, West^v. Orif. An. Kinyd., Ins. ii, p. 260.
t. xc, f. 4, t. cxxxviii, f. 4 (1832).
Ricania obscura, Guer. Voy. Be/any. Ind. Orient., Zool. p. 466
(1834) ; (V7. (Eurvptera) torn, cit., Atlas, t. iii, f. 6 (1834) ; StSl
(Pochazia), Ofr. Vet.-AK: Flirh. 1865, p. 160 ; Melich. (nee Fabr.)
Ann. Hofmus. Wien, 1898, p. 212; Matsum. (nee Fabr.) Fttt.
Kachr. xxvi. p. 211 (1900).
Head, face, and thorax above piceous-black : abdomen and legs
testaceous, the latter paler ; tegmina piceous-brown, with a pale
ilavescent elongate spot on costal margin at about two-thirds from
base, sometimes the apical margin for about three-fourths of its
POCHAZIA.
373
length from posterior angle towards apex narrowly pale flavescent
divided by the dark veins ; wings piceous -brown, unicolorous.
Fig. 193. — I'uvhazia j'mcata.
Var. Tegmina unicolorous and with a dark olivaceous tint.
Mesonotum carinated as in the preceding species ; face with a
distinct central earination, the short sublaterai carina? obsolete.
Length excl. tegm. S to 10 ; exp. tegm. 32 to 39 millim.
Ilab. Tranquebar, Madras (Coll. Dist.). Burma ; Karen Hills
{Doherty). Tavoy {Coll. Dlst.). Hsipaw (de Ificeville). Tenas-
serim ; Myitta {Dohertj). — Malay Peninsula. Siunatra, Borneo.
Melichar, followed by !Matsumura, has confused the synonymy
of this species. It was carefully described by IStal in his ' Hemi-
ptera Fabriciana/ who added as a synonym his Pocliazia ohscura =
Ricania ohscura, Guer. As (luerin tiguj-ed his species, there is no
great problem in identification. As regards the ohscura, Fabr.,
under which name Melichar has enumerated the species, Stal has
also (supra) described the type, which was from Amboina, and
gives this character for the tegmina : " ante medium et medio
pallido couspersis et ti'ansversim pallido-lineolatis, fascia angusta
insequali pone medium sita membrauaque costse obscurius fuscis,
margine hujas imo pallido, lineola transversa obliqua pone medium
marginis costalis albidis," and also the expanse of the tegmina as
only 15 millim. Subsequently Melichar (.si{^j7'«) placed the fuscuf a,
Fabr., iu the genus Mindura, and gives a figure of it, which appears
to me to be quite inapplicable.
I have still a considerable impression that the species described
by Guerin as ohscura u ill ultimately prove to be distinct from
that described by Fabriciiis as fascata. I possess but few speci-
mens of the latter compared with my series of the former, but,
from what T have seen, fiiscata has brown tegmina, costally spotted
with pale flavescent, and more concavely sinuate before apex than
is the case with the unicolorous olivaceously-tinted tegmina of
Guerin's ohscura. The Poclmzla fumata, Amy. & Serv., from Java
is possibly conspecific.
374 ruLGiOMD.E.
1052. Pocliazia striata. Kirhy (Kicania), J. Linn. Soc, Zool. xxiv.
p. 15;] (1891); Mclieli. (rocliazia) jinn. Hofmus. Wten, xiii,
p. 215, t. ix, f. 4 (1898) ; id. Horn. Faun. C'ef/lon, p. 8.:5_(1903).
Pocliazia antigone, A7/Vi-. J. Nat. Hist. Soc. Bomb, xiv, p. 52
(1902).
Head and ])ronotiun clioeolate-brown. face and abdomen testa-
ceous, legs ochraceous ; tegmina piceous-brow n, costal and apical
areas more or less piceous. and crossed by two narrow piceous
fasciae a little beyond middle, an elongate pale flavescent spot on
costal margin near middle; wings more fuliginous, unicolorous.
Var. Tegmina witli two whitish spots, one near middle of inner
transverse fascia, the other near apex oi:' outer transverse fascia.
Face with a short central carination which scarcely reaches
middle ; tegmina strongly concave before apex, which is obtusely
augulate.
Lengtii excl. tegm. 7 to 9 ; exp. tegm. 32 millim.
I fab. Ceylon; Kandy, Haragama (&Vt'fw).
19.");j. Pocliazia guttifera, Walk. Li.^t Horn, ii, p. 427 (1851) ; StcV
(Ricania), Ofc. I'et.-Ak. Fork. 1862, p. 491 ; Atkins. J. A. S.
Ben;/. Iv, p. 57 (1886) : Melich. (I'ochazia) Ann. Hofnms.
IVitn, xiii, p. 210. t. ix, f. ^'I (1898) ; id. Horn. Faun. Ceylon,
p. 83 (1903).
Iiicauia stygia, Stal, Ofc. Vet.-Ak. Fiirh. 1870, p. 766.
Head (including face) and thorax above piceous-black ; abdomen
piceons-brown, the segmental margins dull ochraceous; legs piceous-
brown, the tibiae ochraceous ; tegmina piceous-brown, with a large
pale flavescent elongate costal spot beyond middle and witli three
prominent white spots, one on disk near middle, the other two
larger, somewhat elongate, and situate wide apart on apical margin:
wings piceous-brown, unicolorous.
A'^ar. a. Tegmina with the apical mai'ginal spots entirely^ absent.
Var. />. Tegmina possessing the upper apical marginal spot, but
w ith the lower marginal and discal spots absent.
Face with the central carination extending to its middle, the
sublateral carinatious distinct, slender, and extending to near
apex ; tegmina with the apical margin moderately rounded.
Length excl. tegm. 8 to 9 ; exp. tegm. 30 to 34 millim.
Hah. Syliiet (Brit. Mns). Sikhim ; Mungphu (Brit. Mvs.).
Assam; Margherita {Doherty). Darjiling {CoU. Dlst.). Burma;
Karen J Tills {Doherty). Upper Tenasserim {Coll. Disf.).
1954. Pochazia atkinsoni, sp. n.
Body piceous ; legs browii, tibiie ochraceous ; tegmina pal<^
piceous-brown, apical margin very broadly pale flavescent, and
ETCANIA. 375
with two large pale flavescent spots, oue elongate on costal margin
beyond middle, the other rounded on disk ; wings pale piceous-
brown, the posterior maroin narrowly pale flavescent ; face cen-
trally a little gibbous, the central carination strong and almost
percurrent, sublateral cariuations obsolete ; tegmina with the apical
margins nearly obliquely straight, costal margin only moderately
concave beyond middle.
Length exel. tegm. 11 ; exp. tegm. 37 millim.
Hah. Sikhim ; Mungphu (Atl-inson Coll., Brit. Mus.).
Oi this very fine and strikingly marked species I have seen only
one specimen, which constitutes the type, and is in the collection
of the British Museum.
1955. Pochazia triangularis, sp. n.
Head (including face), pronotum, and mesonotum pale umber-
brown, abdomen above and body beneath and legs ochraceous ;
tegmina pale brownish-ochraceous, a transverse greyish-white spot
on costal margin a little beyond middle ; wings pale brownish-
ochraceous ; tegmina very short and broad, subtriangulur, costal
margin arched at base, a little coucavely sinuate beyond middle,
apical angle obtusely acute, apical margin nearly straight, much
longer than inner and almost as long as costal margin ; face with
a central carination not extending beyond middle, sublateral cari-
nation obsolete.
Length excl. tegm. 8 ; exp. tegm. 23 millim.
Hah. Ceylon {Atkinson Coll., Brit. 3fus.).
Genus RICANIA.
IJicania, Genu. Maq. Ent. iii, p. i'21 (1818) ; .Stdl, Bio Jan. Hein. ii,
p. 70 (1858) ; Hem. Afr. iv, p. 221 (1866), part.; Fieb. Rev. Mar/.
Zool. (3) ii, p. 340 (1875) : Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. Iv, p. 50 (1886),
part. ; Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xiii, p. 218 (1898).
Type, R. fenestrata, Fabr.
Distribution. East Palsearctic, Ethiopian, Oriental, Malayan,
Australasian, and ^STeotropical Eegions.
Head (including eyes) as wide as pronotum, vertex broad and
narrow' ; face broader than long, with central and sublateral cari-
nations, the iirst usually evanescent posteriorly, the latter similarly
evanescent but also sometimes practically obsolete ; elypeus with
the lateral margins not ridged ; pronotum and mesonotum as in
Pochazia ; tegmina small, moderafelv ampliated. triangular, the
apical margin as long or a little shorter than the inner margin,
longitudinal veins furcate, the tirst and second near their apices,
the third emitting many ramifications ; two transverse lines on
apical area formed by transverse veins ; posterior tibise bispinose.
376
FULGORID.^.
A. Teijmina prominently palely maculate.
1956. Ricania feuestvata, J^air. (Cercopis) Syst. Ent. \t. Q>^S (1775);
id. Hem. Fahr. ii, p. 105 (1869) ; Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wien,
xiii, p. 222, t. ix, f. 13 (1898); id. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 84
(1903).
Cicada hvalina, Fabr. Syst. Ent. App. p. 832 (1775) ; id. (Flata)
Syst. Myng. p. 51 (1803) ; Stdl (Eicauia), Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fork.
18(32, p. 489 : Atkins. (Ricania) J. A. S. Beny. Iv, p. 51 (1886).
Flatoides orientis, IVulk. List Horn, ii, p. 417 (1851).
Stoll, Ciy. fig. 102.
Head (including face), pronotum, mesouotum, and sternum
piceous-black ; abdomen testaceous ; coxae, legs, and a transverse
linear spot at apex of face pale testaceous ; tegmina piceous-brown
or piceous-black, with a large upper central discal spot united to
the costal margin by a smaller spot (these spots sometimes distinctly
Fig. 104. — Blcaiiia fcncdratu.
separated) and two large elongate spots on apical margin very pale
flavescent or greyish-white ; wings a little paler than tegmina,
with a pale subcostal central streak : face with a distinct almost
percurrent central carination.
Length excl. tegm. 7 ; exp. tegm. 21 millim.
Hah. Trivandrum (Coll. Dist.). Ceylon; Kandy, Peradeniya
(Green). Frequents Aristolochia (E. E. Green).
The darkest specimens I have seen are from Ceylon.
1957. Ricania marginalis, Walk. (Flatoides) List Ham. ii. p. 409
(1851).
Eicania speculum, MelicJi. (part.) Ann. Hofmns. Wien, xiii, p. 223
(1898).
Head (including face), pronotum, mesouotum, and sternum
piceous-black ; abdomen testaceous ; coxae, legs, and usually a
transverse spot at apex of face pale testaceous ; tegmina piceous-
black, with a small central upper discal spot, a large siibtriangular
spot on costal margin beyond middle, two large elongate spots on
apical margin (the lowermost marked with piceous), between these
spots about three minute marginal spots, and a similar one near
IIICANIA. 377
apex, very pale flavesceut or greyish-white : wings fuliginous, with
a series of minute pale marginal spots not reaching anal area.
This species seems to vary in the amount of dark coloration
contained in the lower pale marginal spot to tegmina.
Length excl. tegm. G to 7 ; exp. tegm. 20 to 24 milliui.
Hah. Burma ; Tavoy {Coll. Dist.). Tenasserim ; Myitta {Do-
herty). — Borneo.
A rather common Bornean insect, incorrectly recorded by
Walker as from Africa.
The Flatoides guitatus, Walk., from China, may prove to be a
varietal form of this species.
1958. Ricania speculum. Walk. (Flatoides) List Rom. ii, p. 406 (1851);
Stal (Eicauia), 0/v. Vet. -Ah. ForJi. 1870, p. 765; Atkins. J. A.
S. Bemj. Iv. p. 54 (1886) ; Melich. (part.) Ann. Hofinus. Wien,
xiii, p.':223(1898).
Flatoides teuebrosus et perforatus, Walk. List Horn. ii. pp. 406
407 (1851).
Ricania malaya, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1854, p. 247.
Head (including face), pronotum, mesonotum, and sternum
piceous-black ; abdomen piceous-brown ; legs pale testaceous ;
tegmina piceous-bro\\n, with three spots beyond middle (in-
constant in size) — two on upper disk and one on costal margin —
and two elongate spots on costal mai'giu very pale flavescent or
greyish-\\"hite ; wings fuliginous with the venation darker ; eyes
ochraceous ; in some specimens the abdomen is apically prolonged
in a mass of white waxj' or cottony excrescence.
Var. The two pale spots on apical margin of tegmina, more
especially the lower one, spotted or sufFused with piceous-brown ;
in a few specimens, also, of the three upper discal spots the two
uppermost tend to coalesce.
Face with the central carination fine and posteriorly evanescent.
Length excl. tegm. 6 to 7 ; exp. tegm. 21 to 25 millim.
Hah. Assam ; Margherita {Doherty). Xilgiri Hills {Hampson).
Tr'ivandrum {Coll. Dist.). Ceylon; Kandy {Green). Burma;
Bhamo {Fea), Euby Mines {Doherty). Tenasserim ; Myitta
{Doherty). — Borneo. Philippines. Java. Southern China.
Dr. Melichar, presumably without seeing the types, has included
in the synonymy of this species Flatoides yuttatus, Walk. (China),
marginalis. Walk. (Borneo, nee Africa), liicania rujifrons, Walk.
(Waigiou), specidaris. Walk. (Flores), 'posterus. Walk. (Borneo),
and Flatoides designata (Siam), a course I am unable to follo\^-.
1959. Ricania mitescens, sp. u.
Pronotum and mesonotum piceous (head mutilated in specimen
described) ; abdomen above, body beneath, and legs pale testaceous,
the legs a little paler ; tegmina pale umber-brown ^nth a large
whitish costal spot at about two-thirds from base, and a broad
37S rt'LGortiu.E.
irregular whitisli apical margin, uot reaching apex and broken at
about one-third from outer angle of posterior margin ; wings
fuliginous with the venation darker ; the tegmina are convexly
arched from base to beyond middle, and thpu slightly sinuate
before apex ; face indescribable, owing to mutilated head in type-
specimen.
Length excl. tegm. 7?; exp. tegui. 26 millim.
Hah. Mergui {CoU. Dist.).
B. Tegmina ivWi pale transverse fascia', and often palehj
maculate.
19(>0. Ricania simulans. ]]'alk. (Pochazia) Lid Horn, ii, p. 431
(18ol); >Stdl (Kieania), Ofr. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 18G2, p. 491:
Atldris. J. A. 8. Benq. Iv, p. ."56 (1886); Melicli. (excl. syii.)
Ann. Hofnms. Wien', xin,^. 224, t. ix, f. 21 (1898).
Head, pronotiim, abdomen, and body beneath pale testaceous-
bro\A-n ; legs ochraceous ; margins of vertex of head, lateral
margins of face, clypeus, posterior margin of mesonotum, and
base of abdomen and anal appendage ochraceous ; tegmina pale
Fig. 195. — Uicania Mmulans.
dull castaneous ; base of costal margin, a basal patch, and greater
part of claval area ochraceous ; a triangular costal spot beyond
middle, a transverse discal fascia before middle, and a broken
irregular transverse fascia on apical area very pale flavescent, the
veins on apical area prominent and the interspaces between them
a little paler ; wings pale fuliginous, apical areas broadly a little
darker.
Length excl. tegm. 4| ; exp. tegm. 13| milliin.
Hah. "North In^ia'^ {Warwicl, Brit.~Mus.\
Dr. Melichar has included in the synonymy of this species
Flatoides episcopus, Walk. (China and Japan), and Ricania episco-
pcdis, Stal (China and Formosa), a course I cannot follow.
1961. Eicania bicolorata, sp. n.
Head (including face), sternum, pronotum, and mesonotum
piceous-black ; abdomen and legs testaceous ; tegmina piceous-
brown with a very broad transverse fascia, which is suddenly
narrowed on costal margin, convex inwardly, and angulated
KICANIA. 379
outwardly, greyisb-^vbite, two large spots of tbe same colour
occupying nearly tbe wbole of tbe apical margin, tbe uppermost
almost connected with tbe apex of costal margin by a series of
minute wbite spots ; wings greyisb-wbite, the outer margin broadly
fuliginous, containing at extreme edge a series of minute transverse
wbite spots ; face witb a central carination not extending beyond
middle, sublateral cariuations obsolete ; abdomen above with
ti'ansverse paler fascia\
Length excl. tegm. 7 ; exp. tegm. -!1 millim,
JIah. Utakamand {Brit. Mus.).
ISK)!'. Ricania zebra, sp. n.
]iody and legs pale tawny-brown, mesonotum sometimes piceous-
brown ; tegmina pale umber-brown, costal membrane dark umber-
brown, its extreme edge ocbraceous and inwardly dentated, a dark
umber-brown transverse fascia margined on each side witb greyish-
white near middle, beyond this another transverse greyisb-wbite
fascia which is preceded and followed by a greyisb-wbite line,
extreme outer margin greyisb-wbite, inwardly dentated, a small
black subcostal spot at anterior end of tbe dark transverse fascia ;
wings pale ochraceous-brown ; face w ith a distinct percurreut
central carination, on each side of which are two other earinations,
the outermost longest, more distinct, and curved.
Length excl. tegm. 4 ; exp. tegm. 14 millim.
Hah. "India"' {Brh. Miis.). Assam: Margherita (Atli)ison
a>n., Brit. ]\Ihs.).
C Tegmian iirilcohrous, ivith oalij a sinr/le, sometimes two, j^^xde
costal or subcostal S2)0ts.
l!'6."). Ricania stupida, IFalJ.-. (Flatoides) Joum. Limi. >Soc.,ZooL_i,
p. ]o7 (1857) ; Melich. (Iiicania) Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xiii,
p. 23L t. X, f. 24 (1898).
Ificania flabellum, Noual/t. Bull. Mtts. Hist. Nat. 1896, p. 2oG ;
Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, 1898, p. 225, t, x, f. 10; Noualh.
^- Mart. ' Mission Pavie,' iii, p. 181, t. xi, f. 11 (1904).
Body above umber-bi-own, beneath and legs ocbraceous ; tegmina
umber-brown, the costal and apical areas distinctly darker, the
basal third irrorafced with small paler spots, a narrow transverse
fascia crossing tegmen beyond middle marked by a distinct wbite
spot at apex of radial area and again by a small ocbraceous spot 01a
costal margin, two transverse ocbraceous lines on apical area, tbe
innermost emitting a curved similar line directed inwardly, a
distinct prominent black spot near apex ; wings pale fuliginous,
the venation darker, and witb tbe interspaces between tbe veins on
apical area with longitudinal obscure greyish fasciae ; face with very
tine but distinct central and sublateral carinate lines.
Length excl. tegm. 5 ; exp. tegm. 19| to 20 millim.
380 FrLGOEID.^.
Hah. Assam and Burma {fide Melicliar). Ceylon {Brit. JIus.).
— Cambodia. Java. Borneo. Philippines.
Dr. Melichar's figure of B. stiqnda does not represent the
typical form.
19G4. Ricania stigma, IJ^alk. (Flatoides) List Horn, ii, p. 410
(1851).
llicania albomaculata, Uhler, Proc. U.S. Xiit. 3fus. xix, p. 277
(189G).
IJicania simalata, Melich. Ann. Hofnnis. Wien, xiii, p. '2-\7 (1898).
Pochazia obscura, Melich. (part.) Ann. Ilofniits. Wien, xiii, ]). ^1:3
(1898) ; Matsmn. (part.) Ent. Aachricht. xxvi. p. 211 (1900).
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum brownish-ochraceous or
piceous-brown, abdomen testaceous, legs pale ocbraceous ; tegmina
brownisb-ocbraceous or piceous-bro\Mi, disk slightly irrorated with
small pale spots, a large pale flavescent or greyish-white spot ou
costal margin a little beyond middle, and a small black s])ot near
apex ; wings pale fuliginous, the venation darker.
Var. a. Body uniformly pale brownish-ochraceous.
Var. b. Body and tegmina uniformly pale brownish-ochraceous,
the latter with the usual pale costal and black apical spots.
Var. c. Tegmina resembling typical form in colour, but with tlie
black apical spot absent.
Face with a central carination becoming evanescent posteriorly,
and with a very short sublateral carination on each side.
Length excl. tegm. 7 to 1) ; exp. tegm. 18 to 2(3 millim.
Hab. Upper Assam {Lid. 2hts.). Nicobar Islds., Camorta {Coll.
Dist.). Tenasserim ; Myitta {Dolierty). — Borneo. Japan.
This seems to be an abundant species in Japan, where it
represents the darkest form of the species, and I possess a long
series collected by Mr. Lewis in that country. In Japanese
examples the black apical spot to the tegmina is either very
obsolete or entirely absent. The type of It. similata, Melich., is
in my own collection. The very pale form (var. b) is from the
Nicobars.
1965. Ricania pulverosa, Sfil, Of v. Vet.-Ak. Fdrh. xx. p. 162 (ISe.j) ;
Atkins. J. A. S. Bemj. Iv, p. 61 (1886) ; Melich. Ajin. Hofnius.
Wien, xiii, p. 240, t. xi, f. 14 (1898).
Llead (including face), pronotum, aud mesonotum piceous-
black ; body beneatli and legs testaceous ; tegmina piceous-brown,
the costal margin ocbraceous with transverse black spots from
base to a little beyond middle, where there is a large pale flavescent
or greyish -white spot marked by two central transverse lilack
lines, tW'O small similarly coloured spots near apex, where there is
also a minute costal black spot ; wings fuliginous.
Var. Body and tegmina umber-brown ; disk of tegmina with
two obscure transverse piceous fasciae.
IIICANIA. 381
Eace \\itli au anterior transverse ridj^e, to whicli are attached a
ceutraland two sublateral carinations whicli scai'cely extend beyond
middle.
Length excl. tegm. 4 to 7 ; exp. tegm. 14 to 20 millim.
Hah. Assam; Khasi Hills {Coll. Dlst.), Ma.vg\\Qv\tsi {Doherty).
Burma ; Karenuee {fide Melicliar). Tenasserim ; Myitta {DoJiert]/).
— Cambodia.
Melichar has placed the Flatoides nivisignatus. Walk., as a
synonym of this species ; it is, however, perfectly distinct.
1966. Eicania distincta, McUch. Hon,. Faun. Ceyhn, p. 84, t. ii, f. 7
(190.3).
Head (including face), pronotum, and mesonotura piceous-black,
head and pronotum sometimes castaneous ; abdomen piceous, the
segmental margins flavescent ; sternum (more or less) and the legs
ochraceous ; tegmina pale piceous-bro^^-n, with a subquadrate costal
pale flavescent or greyish-white spot beyond middle, the costal
membrane distinctly darker in hue and the apical area also mode-
rately iufuscate ; wings pale fuliginous ; face with a very distinct
central earination not extending beyond middle, sublateral carinatioii
very short and obsolete.
Length excl. tegm. 5| to 7 ; exp. tegm. 14 to 10 millim.
Hah. Ceylon ; Peradeniya, Kandy {Green).
Allied to R. nivisir/nata, Walk.
D. Tegmina iinicolorous, witJiout pale costal S2:)0t$, sometimes vjitli
transverse darker fascia'.
1967. Ricania apicalis, Walk. (Pocbazia) List Horn, ii, p. 431 (1851) ;
Stal (Ricania), Of v. Vct.-Ak. Fork. 1862, p. 491; Atkins.
J. A. S. Beny. Iv. p. 55 (1886) ; Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wiex.
xiii, p. 229 (1898).
Pronotum and mesonotuni more or less piceous-black ; head,
abdomen above, body beneath, and legs pale testaceous, the legs a
little paler ; tegmina pale brownish-ochraceous with a somewhat
bronzy tint, a small black spot near apex, from which to near outer
angle of inner margin there is a more or less well-defined dark
fascia, between the transverse veins to costal membrane the colour
is a little darker, making the veins appear prominent, and from
end of radial area to posterior margin is a transverse darker fascia,
sometimes very ill-defined : wings pale ochraceous, the posterior
margin distinctly darker ; face with well-defined central and sub-
lateral carinations, the first practically percurrent, the latter not
extending beyond middle.
Length excl. teem. 5; exp. tegm. 17 millim.
Hah. Assam ; Margherita {Doherty). Sikhim {fide Athinson).
Govegaon {Jayaler, Brit. Mas.).
^^S'2 fllgorid.t:.
1968. Ricania spoliata, Mdicli. Ann. Ilofntus. ll'ieu, 1898, p. :.'o4,
t. X, f. iM ; id. (llicania (Recanula)) Hon}. Faun. Veylon, p. 84
(1903).
" Body black, face and clypeus yellowisli-brown, frontal keel
distinct, lateral keels semicircular ; pronotuin and niesonotum
black, the latter with the usual carinations : tegmina brown with
two yellowish transverse fascioe, between which is a black yellowish-
margined spot, the first fascia before middle has a sharp zigzag
border and is sprinkled with ci'etaceous scales, which, moreover,
form a transverse line, towards the outer side this fascia is
evanescent, the second fascia beyond middle consists of two
large irregular spots, a \A"hite oblique streak at end of radial area,
angular yellow spots on costal margin at end of transverse veins,
on apical margin the yellow spots are minute and rounded ; wings
very pale fuliginous, darker at posterior margin ; legs yellowish-
brown." {Melicliar.)
" Length excl. tegm. 5 ; exp. tegm. 18 millim."
Hah. Ceylon {fide Meliclmr).
1969. Eicania fumosa, IValh. (Flatoides) Li>^t Horn, n, p. 414 (1851) ;
Stal (Kicania), Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1862, p. 491 ; Atkins.
J. A. S. Bcng. lv,"p. 55 (1886); Melich. Ann. Hofmns. Wien,
xiii, p. 230 (1898).
Ricania proxima, Melich. Ann. Hofmns. Trie?/, xiii, p. 226. t. xi,
f. 22 (1898).
Body ferruginous ; mesonotum piceous ; legs ])ale testaceous :
tegmina uniformh^ piceous-brown, the venation a little darker and
prominent ; wings a little paler than tegmina ; tegmina short and
broad, their greatest breadth only a little shorter than their length,
costal margin distinctly sinuate beyond middle, apex broadly
rounded ; face tricai'inate, a central and two sublateral carinations
which do not extend beyond middle.
Length excl. tegm. 34 ; exp. tegm. \2^ millim.
Bab. Assam ; Margherita {Atlcinson Coll., Brit. Mus.). — .Siam.
South Sumatra {Coll. Dist.). Java, Celebes.
This small species was only known to Walker by an unlocalized
type in the British Museum. Atkinson appears to have correctly
identified an Assamese specimen as representing it.
Genus RICANOPTERA.
Ricanoptera, Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xiii, p. 253 (1898).
Type, R. inculta, Melich.
Distribution. Ethiopian, Oriental, Malayan, and Australasian
Regions.
Head, pronotum, and mesonotum generally as in the two
preceding genera; tegmina more elliptical, apical longer than
the inner margin, first and second longitudinal veins emitted
from a common stalk at upper end of basal cell, third strongly
RICANOPTERA.
:}83
forked at a .short distance from base, an inwardly curved line
crossing disk before middle and formed by transverse veins, two
transverse lines on apical areas also formed by transverse veins,
numerous transverse veins in clavus ; posterior tibiae with two
spines.
1970. Ricanoptera inculta, Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xiii, p. '2M,
t. xiii, f. 1 (1898).
" Body reddish or rusty-brown, surface of thorax sometimes
yellowish-brown ; face nan-owed towaixls clypeus, carinations very
indistinct ; pronotum centrally carinnte ; mesonotum with three
longitudinal carinations bifurcate anteriorly, the inner bifurcation
not connected with the inner carination ; tegmina and wings
liyaline, transparent, slightly discoloured with vinous-yellow and
with brown speckles, longitudinal veins placed wide apart, the
transverse veins between them on disk few and irregularly placed,
forming two ti'ansverse lines before apical margin, the outer one
parallel to margin, the inner one waved, on disk an angulated line
formed of transverse veins with the apex turned towards base ;
abdomen yellow, brownish above ; legs pale yellow ; tips of the
spines black." (Melichar.)
Length excl. tegm. 8 to 9 ; exp. tegm. 24 to 28 millim.
Hab. Assam ; Margherita (Doherty). (Ireat Nicobar {fide
Melicliar).
1971. Eicanoptera mellerborgi, StSl (Ricauia), Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Fork.
1854, p. 247; Atkins. J. A. S. Ben,/. Iv, p. 52 (1886); Melich.
Ann. Hofmm. Wien, xiii, p. 255, t. x, f. 15 (1898).
Flata fenestrata, Fabr. Si/st. Rhijncj. p. 51 (1803) ; Atkins. (Ricania)
J. A. S. Beng. Iv, p. 51 (1886).
Flatoides discalis. Walk. J. Linn. Soc, Zool. i, p. 89 (1857).
Ricauia fabricii, Stal, Hem. Fabr. ii, p. 104 (1869).
Body and legs testaceous-brown, darker above than beneath ;
tegmina hyaline, the whole basal and marginal areas fuscous-
brown, extreme edges of
costal and apical margins
with minute flavescent
spots, two hyaline spots
on costal margin beyond
middle, and usually three,
sometimes only two, on
apical margin ; wings hya-
line, the venation piceous-
brown and the outer
margins broadly fuscous.
(This is the form described
by Walker as discalis and which is here figured.)
Tegmina hyaline, minute flavescent marginal spots as in form
Fig. 196. — Itieanoptera meUerhorc/i.
384 ruLGoniD.T:.
discalis. Walk., but with the fuscous-brown areas much reduced
aud brokeu, the hyaline space being thus much enlarged both
inwardly and outwardly and on basal area crossed by a narrow
oblique fuscous-brown fascia ; face with a central and two sub-
lateral carinations, becoming more or less evanescent posteriorly.
Length excl. tegm. 5 j to 6 ; exp. tegm. IS millim.
Bab. Burma (Jide Atl'iiison). Tenasserim ; Myitta (DoJicriif).
Mergui (Coll. Disf.). — Malay Peninsula. Java. Sumatra. Borneo.
1972. Ricanoptera polita, Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wioi, xiii, p. 25f).
t. ix, f. I'.j (lt<98;.
" Body reddish-brown ; face, abdomen, and legs paler ; pro-
notum aud mesonotum as in li. meUerhorgi ; tegmina hyaline,
vitreous with a yellow-brown pattern consisting of two transverse
fascia^ of which the subapical one emits two processes to the apical
margin, thus defining three large rounded hyaline marginal spots,
the first of these near apex is larger than that near the posterior
angle, four rounded hyaline spots on costal margin ; wings vitreous,
posterior margin slightly tinged with brown. This species resembles
R. meUerhorgi, but is larger, the costal margin flatly arched, before
the apex almost slightly sinuate, less rounded at apex, veins of
tegmina coloured with brown in vitreous portions, whereas they
are white in R. meUerhorgi ; also the white dots at the apices of
veins on apical margin are wanting, and there are only minute
marginal spots to be seen in the brown coloration on apical margin.''
(Melicliar.)
Length excl. tegm. 7 ; exp. tegm. 23 millim.
Hah. Little Nicobar {fide Melichar).
1973. Ricanoptera opaca, sp. n.
Body piceous ; face, clypeus, and legs dull brownish-testaceous :
vertex of head mottled with brownish-ochraceous ; tegmina
opaque, piceous or piceous-brown, costal margin spotted \\\t\i
ocbraceous, a small subquadrangular white spot at end of radial
area, on disk a large greyish-white irregular spot followed by
mottlings of the same colour which extend to near base and along
the inner area, on the upper outer area of the large spot is a very
distinct rounded black spot, the two transverse lines on apical area
are sometimes brownish-ochraceous, and their interspace much
suflused with the same colour, in other specimens the apical area
is piceous aud the transverse lines faintly visible ; wings pale
fuliginous, sometimes a little paler near base aud on anal area :
face with the carinations fine but distinct.
Length excl. tegm. 44 ; exp. tegm. 15 millim.
Hah. Ceylon : Madulsima {Green).
EUniCAXIA.
3Sl
Genus EURICANIA.
Euricania, Melich. Ati/i. Hofmus. Wien, xiii, p. 258 (1898).
Type, E. ocellus. Walk.
Distribution. East Palaearctic, Oriental, Malayan, and Australasian
Eegions.
Head, prouotum, and mesonotum generally as in the preceding
genera ; face with the sublateral carinae very short ; tegmina
somewhat elliptical, first longitudinal vein furcate before middle,
second and third very short, arising from a common stem at lower
end of basal cell, both shortly after their emergence connected by a
transverse vein, transverse veins on disk enclosiag a number of
irregular cellular areas on basal half, two transverse lines formed
by transverse veins beyond middle, the innermost much angularly
waved; wings short, with two transverse veins a little beyond
middle, several of the longitudinal veins forked near apices ;
posterior tibise with two spines.
1074. Euricania ocellus. Walk. (Pochazia) List Horn, ii, p. 429
(1851): Atkim. (Kicania) J. A. S. Ben</. Iv, p. 55 (1886),
part. : Melich. (Euricania) An7i. Hofmus. Wien, xiii, p. 260.
t. ix, f. 24 (1898).
riatoides facialis, Walk. List Horn. Supnl. 1858, p. 100 j 3Ielic}i.
(Euricania) Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xiii, p. 260 (1898).
Head, pronotum, mesonotum. and sternum piceous-black :
abdomen above piceous-brown, abdomen beneath and legs
ochraceous ; lateral mar-
gins of face and the whole
of clypeus ochraceous :
tegmina hyaline, costal
area (maculately broken
beyond middle and near
apex), apical and inner
margins, a subapical trans-
verse line, a short broad
fascia a Kttle beyond middle
(only extending about half
across tegmen and con-
taining a pale hyaline
spot), preceded by a slightly curved linear suffusion, piceous-
brown ; wings hyaline, the venation and posterior margin piceous-
brown ; face ^ith a central carination becoming a little evanescent
posteriorly.
Length excl. tegm. 5| ; exp. tegm. 20 to 22 millim.
Hab. Assam; Margherita (Do/if r^/). ^ikhim (fide Melichar). —
China {Brit. Mus.). Japan.
Fig. 197. — Eiiricunia ocellus.
VOL. III.
386
FULGOIlID.i:.
Geuus PRIVESA.
Privesa, Stal, Rio Jan. Hem. ii, p. 70 (1858) ; MelicJi. Ann. Hof)nus.
Wien, xiii, p. 282 (1898).
Dechitus, Walk. Journ. Ent. i, p. 311 (1862).
Type, P. Icevifrons, Stfil, from Madagascar and Mauritius.
Distribution. Ethiopian, Oriental, and Australasian Regions.
Head (including eyes) about as broad as pronotum, anterior
margin rounded in front of eyes and with a transverse subconvex
ridge between eyes ; face broader than long with a central cari-
nation ; clypeus centrally ridged ; pronotum centrally ridged ;
mesonotura with three longitudinal carinations, the lateral ones
anteriorly inwardly forked ; tegmina near apex or near apical
area with a transverse series of irregular transverse veins ; longi-
tudinal veins emitted from tlie basal cell, the third furcate ;
posterior tibiae bispinose.
1975. Privesa delecta, Melich. Ann. Ilvfmm. Wien, xiii, p. 285 (1898).
"Eace narrowed to clypeus, yellowish-white, smoothly flat,
middle ridge distinct, almost extending to apex, lateral ridges
indistinct, a narrow transverse brown
fascia at upper frontal margin, at
suture of face and clypeus is an
indistinct brown central spot and on
both sides of it another brown spot ;
clypeus yellowish-white with a cen-
tral ridge ; pronotum with a longi-
tudinal ridge, on each side of which
is a compressed point ; mesonotum
rusty-brown, sometimes paler on disk,
with three longitudinal I'idges, the
lateral ones shortly forked in front,
the inner fork united with the central
ridge before anterior margin ; tegmina
pale yellowish, with blackish-brown spots and three liyaline costal
spots, the first and third almost of equal size, the central one
largest ; apical margin sprinkled with very small pale speckles ;
wings vitreous, posterior margin fuliginous ; sternum and legs
pale yellowish." (MelicJinr.)
" Length excl. tegm. 6| ; exp. tegm. 19 millim."
Hab, Bombay (Paris Mus.).
I am indebted to Prof. Bouvier, of the Paris Museum, for the
opportunity of figuring this species.
198. — Privesa ddceta.
1976. Privesa confinis, sp. n.
Body and legs pale castaneous-brown ; mesonotum more or less
sufiused with piceous, sometimes principally denoted by a large
DETYA. 387
central and sublateral spot, in other specimens nearly completely
piceous ; tegmina ochraceous, with two snbbasal costal spots, a
large triangular fascia commencing about middle of costal margin,
its apex extending to about middle of tegmen, the apical margin,
outer margin of basal cell, and a curved discal line on basal area
umber-brown, the basal interspace of the brown triangular fascia
appears as a large greyish costal spot, and the area bet\\een the
triangular fascia and the apical margin is also greyish with the
veins brown, the apical margin is also inwardly traversed by a
sinuated greyish transverse line ; wings very pale fuliginous with
the venation fuscous ; the basal ridge of the face is distinctly
visible above the anterior margin of the vertex ; face unicolorous
pale castaneous, obscurely finely obliquely wrinkled, the cari-
nations distinctly prominent, the central one evanescent posteriorly,
the subliiteral ones very short ; clypeus a little paler, with two
central longitudinal castaneous fasciae.
Length excl. tegni. 5; exp. tegm, 16 millim.
Ilah. Sind Valley (Stolkzka).
Division NOGODINIARIA.
Nogodini, Melich. A7in. Hofnms. Wien, xiii, p. 204 (1898).
Eace distinctly longer than broad, or as broad as long, the sides
of the clypeus always ridged.
Synopsis of Genera.
A. Head (includiug eyes) as broad as, or very slightly
narrower than, prouotiuii.
a. Tegmina ampliate, not more than twice as long
as broad.
a, Tegmina with three veins from near upper
end of basal cell ; claval vein terminating
near to, or a lictle beyond, middle of claviis. Di<:tya, p. 387.
h. Tegmina with two veins from near upper
end of basal cell ; nlaval vein terminating
before middle of claviis V arcia. p. -"JSy.
b. Teo'miiia more than twice as long as broad.
a. Pronotum very convexly produced anteriorly,
almost reaching anterior margin of eyes . . Pisacha, p. o9l.
h. Pronotum only moderately convexly pro-
duced anteriorly, scarcely extending
beyond base of eyes Pucina. p. ."y^.
B. Head (including eyes) distinctly narrower than
pronotum . . . , G^etulia, p. 394.
Genus DETYA, nov.
Type, D fusconehulosa, Dist.
Distribution. Oriental and Malayan Regions.
Head (including eyes) about as broad or very slightly narrower
2 c 2
388
rULGOElD.i:,
than pronotum ; vertex much broader than long, tlie margins
ridged ; face nearly twice as long as broad, slightly ampliated and
rounded towards clypeus, Avhich is moderately ridged centrally
and laterally ; eyes placed obliquely; pronotum narrow, con vexly
produced between eyes, its posterior margin concave ; mesonotum
large, long, tricarinate, the lateral carinatious anteriorly incurved
and nearly meeting near anterior margin ; posterior tibiae with
three and sometimes with a small fourth subbasal spine ; tegmiua
with the basal cell emitting three veins near its upper end, claval
vein united to posterior claval margin near or a little beyond
middle, costal membrane obliquelj" transversely veined, beyond
middle thei*e are a number of transverse veins forming some^^"hat
short cells, a continuous subapical marginal line formed of trans-
verse veins on basal area, and above clavus four longitudinal cells,
the second with a transverse vein near its apex ; wings with the
second and third longitudinal veins emitted from a common stem,
a few transverse veins beyond middle, and the apices of the veins
on apical margin furcate.
1977. Detya fusconehulosa, sp. u.
Body and legs ochraceous; face \\ith the lateral margins, a spot
on each side of base, two spots l:)efore clypeus, and a double
Fig. I'JO. — Detya fasconchulosa.
oblique discal series of minute spots black, a brown linear sub-
marginal spot on each side beyond middle ; clypeus with black
margins and a central piceous line, neither of which reach a])ex :
pronotum with two central piceous spots ; mesonotum with two
broad central fasciae, outwardly notched posteriorly, and an angu-
lated spot on each anterior lateral area piceous ; tegmina hyaline,
the venation fuscous-brown, costal membrane with three large
transverse piceous spots, the first near base, the other t\\o (closer
together) beyond middle, the transverse veins at apices of longi-
tudinal veins infuscate, a very narrow transverse fascia crossing
tegmen beyond middle, the apical margin somewhat broadly and
irregularly and the inner margin more narrowly fuscous-brown,
the apical margin is much broken and thus encloses several large
YAROIA.
389
hyaline spots ; wings liyaliue, the venation and outer margin
narrowly fuscous-brown .
Length excl. tegm. 9^ to 10 ; exp. tegm. 30 to 32 millim.
Hah. Burma ; Karen Hills {Dohertij). Tenasserim ; Myitta
{Boherty). — Borneo.
Genus VARCIA.
Vavcia, Sfdl, Ofc. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1870, p. 760; Melicli. Am/. Hofmus.
Wien, xiii, p. 315 (1898).
Type, V. nigrovittata, Stal, from the Philippines.
DistrihiUioii. Neotropical, Oriental, and Malayan llegions.
This genus possesses most of the general characters of the
genus Sassida, from which it principally differs by the venation
of the tegniiua, only two longitudinal veins being emitted from
upper end of basal cell, and these wide apart, the transverse
veins to the costal membrane are wider apart and less oblique,
and the claval vein unites with the posterior claval margin before
middle, and is united a little before its apex with the claval suture
by a ti'ansverse vein.
1078. Varcia hemerobii, IJ'alk. (Ricania) i«si JTom. ii, p. 425 (1851) ;
>Sfdl (Mindiua), Ofr. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1862, p. 491; Atkins.
J. A. S. Bern). Iv, p. 62 (1886) ; Melich. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xni,
p. 303 (1898) ; Kirk. (Sassula) Entomolof/isf, xxxiii, p. 10 (1900) ;
Melich. Horn. Faun. Ceylon, p. 85 (1903).
Body and legs pale brownish-ochraceous ; face somewhat
creamy-white, with two oblique discal black macular fascia and
Fig. 200. — Varcia hrincrohii.
with the basal area more or less suif used with piceous, three small
elongate brown spots before clypeus ; clypeus with two narrow
longttudinal brown fascia?, between which there is a shorter discal
brown line; pronotum more or less suffused with pale brov/nish,
sometimes with two oblique pale brownish fasciae; mesouotum
with two discal fascins meeting anteriorly and usually two spots on
each lateral area piceous ; abdomen above with transverse piceous
fasciifi ; tegmina hyaline, the venation fuscous-brown, some of tlie
390 lULGOHIDjt.
transverse Aeins to costal membrane pale ocliraceous and a distinct
ochraceous spot a little beyond middle, on each side of which the
colour is distinctl}- fuscous-brown and outwardly continued round
apex along apical margin to near posterior angle as a marginal
fascia broken near apex by a yellowish spot, a submarginal brown
spot near middle of apical mai'giu and some suffusions on inner
marginal area of the same colour ; wings hyaline, the venation
and a very narrow marginal border fuscous-brown.
Length excl. tegm. 10 ; exp. tegm. 30 to 32 millim.
Hah. Malabar {CoU. Dist.). Ceylon; Kandy (6'ref>i). Tenas-
serim ; Myitta (Dohcrty). — Malay Peninsula. Borneo. Talaut.
1970. Varcia greeni, Kivhy (Xogodiua), J. Limi. Soc, Zonl. xxiv,
p. 158, t. V, f. ]o'(1891); MelicJi. (Varcia) Ami. Hofrnus.
Wieti, xiii, p. 320 (1898) ; id. (Sassida) Horn. Fmtn. Ceylon, p. 85
(1903).
Body and legs ochraceous ; face very pale ochraceous, its lateral
margins narrowly black, rather more than basal half pale fuscous-
brown, where the subhxteral margins, a central and two oblique
discal lines are very pale ochraceous ; clypeus of the same colour
with a central piceous line, its lateral margins narrowly black;
vertex anteriorly and sublaterally narrowly piceous ; pronotum
with two oblique fascioe transversely connected at base piceous :
mesonotum Avith two broad longitudinal piceous fascia) promi-
nently outwardly notched a little behind middle and a piceous
spot near each anterior angle ; abdomen above with transverse
central piceous spots, some sternal spots and a lateral line on each
side of abdomen piceous ; , tegmina hyaline, the venation fuscous-
brown, a spot at base of costal area, the inner vein to costal
membrane, and the claval suture more or less ochraceous, a large
piceous stigmatical spot containing a small pale ochraceous spot,
a spot at apex and the apical and inner margins fuscous-brown,
the apical margin prolonged inwardly near middle and the inner
margin near outer angle ; wings hyaline, the venation and their
outer margins (not reaching anal area) fuscous-brown.
Length excl. tegm. 8| to 9 ; exp. tegm. 25 to 28 millim.
Hah. Ceylon; Deltota, Peradeniya (6rreen).
1980. Varcia kandyiana, sp. n.
Body and legs brownish-ochraceous ; face ochraceous with the
lateral margins narrowly black, the ridges prominent, the lateral
areas somewhat obscurely linearly suffused with very pale brown ;
clypeus with the lateral margins narrowly black, but becoming
evanescent towards apex and with a central piceous carinate line :
vertex ochraceous with the margins narro\A ly black ; pronotum
and mesonotum broMiiish-ochraceous, both with a central ochra-
ceous line, the latter with two curved longitudinal black fascise
which almost meet near anterior margin ; abdomen above with
transverse black fascite : tegmina hyaline, the venation piceous.
PISACHA. 391
crossed beyond middle by a continuous transverse fascia, between
it and apical margin a broken macular transverse fascia, and the
apical margin (excluding apex) fuscous-brown, two piceous spots
enclosing a small brownish-ochraceous space beyond middle of
costal area, a fuscous marginal spot at apex, and a piceous spot
beyond middle of claval area ; wings hyaline, the venation and
outer margin (not reaching anal area) fuscous-brown.
Length excl, tegm. 8j to 9 ; exp. tegm. '21 millim.
Hah. Ceylon; ^LanAx {Green).
19S1. Varcia similata, Melkh. (Sassula) Horn. Fnim. C'ei/lou, p. 86
(1903).
" Very like >S'. lcii'h)jl, Melich. (from Cochin China), only differing
because the face with the exception of keels (which are pale
yellow) is entirely brown-coloured with two pale spots between
marginal and lateral keels, the upper one small, the lower one large
and somewhat round, on the outer side ot: lateral keels a row of
dark dots are observable M'hich are lost in the ground-colour :
margins of front and clypeus black, on middle of central keel of
clypeus is a black dash and on side of head a large brown spot,
wanting in S. l-irhiii ; tegmina vitreous, apical margins extremely
faintly coloured with pale yellow, a dark spot in apical area of
clavus and two black marginal spots bounding the pale yellow
stigma on the costal margin, costal membrane broader than costal
cell, traversed by 15-16 transverse veins, in costal cell two
yellowish- white transverse veins, remaining a eins black ; in clavus
there is one transverse vein, several transverse veins near apex,
and sometimes a transverse vein joining both branches of the fork
which is inconstant ; wings slightly darkly bordered posteriorly,
a forked vein in anal area ; abdomen and legs as in /S. I'irbyV
(Melichar.)
" Length, $ , 15 ; exp. tegm. -J4 millim.'
Hab. Ceylon ; Henaratgoda (^de Melicliar).
I have had no opportunity of seeing this species.
Genus PISACHA, nov.
Type, P. narja. Dist.
Distribution. British India.
Head (including eyes) about as wide as pronotum ; eyes rotun-
dately elongate, placed behind vertex and on each side of the
protruding pronotum ; vertex broader than long, its lateral margins
laminately ridged : face much longer than broad, its basal margin
centrally angularly sinuate, moderately pronounced central and
sublateral longitudinal ridges becoming evanescent posteriorly^
and with two central curved contiguous caringe before clypeus
which is centrally ridged ; pi'onotum strongly convexly produced
in front, its posterior margin strongly concave ; pronotum long.
392 fulgorid.t;.
with three central carinse, the central one faint, the two latera
ones strong, curved anteriorly and meeting hefore anterior
margin ; legs strongly sulcate, posterior tibiae with two spines
near apex ; tegmina more than twice as long as broad, apical
margin rounded, costal membrane narrow with numerous trans-
verse veins and connected with the upper longitudinal vein from
about middle by six or seven transverse veins, first and second
longitudinal veins with a common origin at upper end of cell,
third emitted immediately below them, third strongly bifurcate,
its upper fork connected with second vein by a transverse vein, on
apical area the veins are reticulate, terminating at a broad apical
margin, where the veins are longitudinal, somewhat numerous, and
many forked ; clavus with six or seven transverse veins between
the suture and its longitudinal vein ; win^s about as broad but a
little shorter than tegmina.
1982. Pisacha naga, sp. u.
Body and legs dark brownish-ochraceous ; face with the ridges
a little paler, the lateral margins and two discal oblique and pos-
teriorly united lines black ; clypeus
with a piceous fascia on each side of
central ridge ; vertex testaceous, \\itli
the lateral margins and a central
fascia pale ochraceous ; pronotum tes-
taceous, its lateral margins and a
central fascia pale ochraceous, some-
what narrowly piceous at anterior
■Fig.20h-Fiscwh>»affa. i^^^rgin ; mesonotum testaceous be-
tween the carmations, ot which the
central one is pale ochraceous and the lateral ones black ; abdomen
above with darker transverse fasciae; tegtnina hyaline, the venation
piceous-brown, a large siibtriangular oblique spot near apex extend-
ing from costal margin to about middle of tegmen piceous, apical
margin (excluding apex) broadly luscous-brown, inwardly piceous-
brown ; vvings hyaline, the venation and posterior margin (not
reaching anal area) fuscous-brown.
Length excl. tegm. 10; exp. tegm. 28 millim.
Hab. Assam ; 'Naga Hills (DoJiertij).
Genus PUCINA.
Puciiia, StS.l, Hem. Afr. iv, p. 221 (188G) ; id. Berl. ent. Zeitsclir. x,
p. 393 (1866) : Atkim. J. A. S. Beng. Iv, p. 63 (1886) : Melich.
Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xiii, p. 329 (1898).
Type, P. 2ieUiicida, Guer.
Distribution. Oriental and Australasian Regions.
" Clavus without transverse veinlets ; head not prominent
before the eyes, vertex transverse ; clypeus convex, without
PUCINA.
:393
lateral ridges ; teginiiia gradually slightly amplified towards tlie
apex, furnished towards the apex with oblong areolas arranged in
two series and with many areolas less regularly arranged on disk,
ulnar and radial veins forked somewhat before the middle of the
corium ; anterior tibioe hardly longer than the femora and tro-
chanters, posterior tibia) bispinose." (>Stcd.)
1983. Pucina pellucida, Guer. (Cixius) Vot/. ' Coquille; Zool. W, p. 189
(1830) ; id. Icoti. lik/n. Anitn., Ins. p. 358, t. Iviii, f. 4 (1843) ;
Spin. (Ricaiiia) Ami. Sue. Ent. Fr. 1839, p. 401; SW
(Pucina), Bcrl. ent. Zeitschr. x, p. 393 (1866) ; Atki7is. J. A. S.
Beng. Iv, p. 63 (1886) ; Melich. Attn. Hofmus. Wien, xiii,
p. 329, t. xiv, f. 15, a, b (1898).
" Head yellowish with three ridges ; face three times longer
than broad, strougly margined and with a median ridge : vertex
3 '"^ 4 U 5
Fig. 202. — Pucina pcllucicla.
broader than long, disk flat and horizontal, margins elevated, fine,
anterior margin obtusely angular, its tip extended a little beyond
the eyes, posterior margin angularly einarginate ; thorax varied
with green and brown, also the abdomen, M'hich is shorter than
broad ; tegmina and wings ti'ansparent, veins brown, with a brown
triangular dot on the anterior marofin of each tegrmen and near its
apex, radial vein weakly arcuate, subradial straight, rejoining the
radial towards the second third on the anterior margin, the inter-
mediate space with eight transverse subparallel veins and divided
into nine fairly large cellules, of which the seven intermediate are
as broad as long, the two extreme longer than broad, the adjoining-
space between the radial and cubital veins divided iiito two large,
narrow, elongate cellules by a complete ti"ansverse vein ; legs
yellowish, tarsi brown, posterior tibia? with two lateral spines."
Length 6; exp. tegm. 16 millim.
Hah. Bengal \ficle Guer.). — Java (fide Guer.). Australia (fide
Jlelichar).
I have not seen this species, and have reproduced the figs. 1
and ti from Melichar ; 3, 4, and 5 from Gueriu.
394
PULGOEIDiL-.
Genus G-ETULIA.
Gaetulia, Stal, Stett.ent. Zeit. 18G4, p. 54; MeUch. Ann. Hofmvs.
Wien, xiii, p. 327 (1898).
Type, G. plenipennis, Wfilk., from Central Amei'ica,
Distrihution. Neotropical and Oriental Eegions.
Head (including eyes) considerably narrower than pronotum,
a little prominent before eyes, base of vertex profoundly sinuate ;
face much longer than broad ; clypeus medially and laterally finely
carinate (>Stfd, however, states that the lateral margins are not
carinate) ; pronotum short, strongly eonvexly produced between
eyes, centrally ridged ; mesonotum large, tricarinate, the cari-
nations subparallel ; tegmina moderately ampliated, two longi-
tudinal veins emitted from upper end of basal cell and widely
separated, costal membrane with the transverse veins well separated,
only a little oblique, three longitudinal cells on basal area, after
wJiich the surface is more or less broadly reticulated by numerous
transverse veins, which also form a continuous subapical marginal
line.
inS4. Gaetulia nigrovenosa, Melich. Ann. Ilofnms. Wicn, xiii, p. o28,
t. xiii, f. 18 (1898).
Body and legs ochraceotts ; face with two sublateral longittulinal
black lines (sometimes, as in the specimen here figtired, entirely
absent) ; a small anterior lateral black spot on each side of meso-
sternum ; vertex of head with two central piceous lines (in some
specimens obsolete) ; pronotum and mesonotum palely testaceous,
Fig. 203. — Gatul'm nigrovcnma.
the first with the margins and a central carinate fascia pale ochra-
ceous, the latter with three longitudinal fascise and its lateral
margins pale ochraceous, the central fascia more or less margined
with piceous ; abdomen above with transverse discal and lateral
fasciate black spots, the largest of which is discal and subapical ;
abdomen beneath with transverse piceous fascise ; tegmina and
wings hyaline, tlie venation fuscous, the first with a sitbtriangular
LASO>'IA. 395
costal fuscous spot near apical area and a small fuscous spot
(sometimes absent) above middle of apical margin.
Length excl. tegm. 5^ ; exp. tegm. 16 millim.
Hab, Assam ; Marglierita {Doherty). Darjiling {fide Melichar).
Tenasserim ; Myitta (Doherty).
1985. Genus ? prominens, lVcM\ (Ricania) Im. Sanml., Horn. p. 48
(1858) ; Atkins. J. A. S. Beng. Iv, p. 57 (1886) ; Melich. (gen. ?)
Ann, Hofmus. IVien, xiii, p. 341 (1898).
" Dull testaceous ; head forming on each side a large vertical
compartment, in which the eye and the antennae are seated ;
vertex transverse, very short, mostly covered by the pronotum ;
face with transverse blackish marks, very much longer than broad,
with elevated borders and with three slight keels, the middle one
shortened, the pair converging towards the face (clypeus '?), where
they are connected : face (clypeus ?) lanceolate, keeled ; pronotum
very convex along tlie fore border, with two slight keels ; meso-
notum M ith a brown interlined disk and with two blackish dots on
each side ; metanotum and abdomen dark brown, the latter with a
pale testaceous stripe on each side ; legs testaceous ; femora slightly
streaked with black ; wings greyish-vitreous, exterior and interior
borders brown, veins black ; tegmina with brown marks along
the costa and with a few brown marks elsewhere, and with an
irregular whitish subapical band ; stigma whitish, veinlets regular
along the costa and along the exterior border, where they are
mostly forked ; discal veins and veinlets irregular, the latter
numerous; wings with very few veinlets." {WaJlcer.')
" Length, body 4 ; wings 12 lines."
Hah. «ylhet {fide Wullcer).
I have "been unable as yet to find this species in the National
Collection. Its long face clearly locates it in some genus belonging
to the Nocjodiniaria, but the " two keels " to the pronotum is a
disturbing factor.
Genus LASONIA.
Lasouia, Melich. IJoni. Fami. Ceylon, p. 87 (1903).
Type, L. JdrJccddyi, Melich.
Distribution. Ceylon.
" Head with eyes as broad as pronotum ; vertex not extending
beyond eyes, broader than long, roundly curved in front, its
margins ridged ; face longer than broad, slightly curved downward,
rounded on sides and ridged to clypeus, on upper margin straight,
medially ridged ; clypeus somewhat long, triangular, arched, not
ridged ; eyes large, semicircular ; ocelli absent ; antennae very
short ; pronotum a", long as vertex, produced in front, somewhat
laminate between eyes, posteriorly straight, its disk smooth, indis-
tinctly ridged ; mesonotum short, triangular, broader than long,
■with an oblique curved ridge which does not extend to posterior
margin of pronotum ; tegmina narrow, four times as long as
396 ruLGORiD.i:.
broad, rounded oft' at apices, costal cell from base to middle very
narrow, theu strongly and gradually expanded, occupying the
whole apical extremity and passiiig over into the sutural cell,
costal cell without transverse veius at base, traversed in middle by
short transverse veins placed wide apart, and in the broad apical
area by thick single transverse veins a\ liich are setose, three longi-
tudinal veius emerge from base, the outermost forived near base
and foi-ming a long subcostal cell pointed before and behind,
second longitudinal vein united by an oblique transverse vein to
inner branch of first vein and strongly forked at end, third vein
simple and weaker than the other two, all these veins smooth and
not setose, in the cells are a few delicate transverse veins, in clavus
oue forked and numerous transverse veins ; wings rather shorter
than tegmina, tip of middle longitudinal vein decidedly notched,
six simple longitudinal veins connected together by numerous
transverse veins ; posterior tibia? with two spines.'" {Melichar.)
I only know this genus by Melichar's description and figure of
the typical species. Its describer places it in the Ricaniinw,
which, judging from the short mesonotum and the narrow tegmina,
seems an uncongenial ])Osition. I therefore enumerate it at the
end of the subfamily, but have refraiiied from placing it in my
synopsis of genera.
198G. Lasonia kirkaldyi, Melifli. Horn. Faun. Cci/lou, j). 88, t. ii,
f. 9, «(]90;3).
" Brown, spotted with black, a large, smooth, circular, black
hump on the face below margin, this protuberance has a circular
ridge which joins the front
marginal ridge, on both sides
a black longitudinal spot,
from the lower margin of the
circle a central ridge com-
mences and reaches base of
clypeus ; eyes brown ; an-
tenna) yellowish-brown ; ver-
Fig. 20i.-Laso>, ia Urh,h7>/i. ^^x slightly keeled and spotted
with black as well as pro-
notum and mesonolum ; tegmina hyaline, Aeins brown, irregular
small and large brown spots in cells which rest on veins and leave
the middle of the cells free, in middle cell are two transverse spots
on the upper and lower transverse veins, at apical area a brown
spot, apical margin with small curved transverse veins ; wings
hyaline, vitreous, with black veins ; abdomen browni, posterior
margins of dorsal segments black ; legs yellowish-brown, femor;i
longitudinally striped with brown, apices of spines to posterior
tibiao black."' (Melichar.)
"Length, 5 5 12 ; exp. tegm. 22 inillim.'"
Hab. Ceylon (Jide Melichar).
I have not seen this species.
]L.VL'IX.1£. liQ\
Subfamily XI. ELATING.
Flatida, StdJ, Hem. Aft: iv, pp. 131 & 235 (1866).
Flatina, Stcll, Ofc. Vet.-Ak. Fovh. 1870, p. 771 ; Atldns. J. A. S. Bcng.
Iv, p. 63 (1886).
Flatidae, MelicJi. Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvi, p. 179 (1901).
" Clavns granulate, its apex sometimes subacute and closed,
sometimes very obtuse and broadly opeu, with two veins separated
througbout the entire length, or united in one near apex ; costa
dilated, costal membrane transversely veined ; claval suture dis-
tinct ; anal area of wings not reticulated ; posterior tibia) without
;i mobile spur." {Stal.)
The granulated clavus is an unfailing structural test as to the
position of the beautiful insects which iind a place iu this sub-
family. Dr. Melichar has recently {su2ira) written a monograph
on the Flatince, and though Homopterists must be grateful to him
for the referential character of his work, he has unfortunatel}'
surcharged his pages Mith an incorrect synonymy, which greath^
detracts from their permanent value.
In enumerating and describing the not inconsiderable number of
genera found in British India I have found certain characters
which can be used in divisional separation, and though no morpho-
logical value can be, or is, claimed for them, it is thought they
will enable those into whose hands this Look may fall, especiallv
residents in British India, to more readily understand the generic
classification.
Division PHltOMNIAlUA .
In this division the tegmina have their apical margins (including
the apical and posterior angles) more or less convexly rounded,
and are as broad or a little broader than the winsrs.
8iinoi)sis of Genera.
A. Teguiina with the costal membrane broader
than the radial area.
a. Tegmina tiat, nearly twice as long as broad . Phromnia, p. 398.
b. Tegmina convex, only about one-third longer
than broad, obliquely deflected before
clavus Anggira, p. 403.
B. Tegmina with the costal membrane narrower
than the radial area.
a. Vertex of head as wide at base as at apex ;
clypeus not transversely carinate Danavaua, p. 404.
b. Vertex of head broader at apex than at base ;
clypeus transversely carinate on basal area . Ch.vtuubuja, p. 40").
398
fulgomd.t:.
Genus PHROMNIA.
Pliroumia, Stdl, liio Jan. Hem. ii, p. 08 (1858) ; id. Hem. Afr. iv,
pp. 235 & 239 (180G); Atkins. J. A. S. Bern/. Iv, p. 04 (1806).
Flata (part.), A^mj. S,->Sen: Hem. p. 521 (1843) ; Melic/i. (pait.)^;;«.
Hofmus. Wten, xvii, p. 203 (1902).
T\'pe, P. limbata, Fabr., an Etliiopian specie.'^.
TJistribntion. Ethiopian, Oriental, and ]Malayau Eegions.
Body compressed ; head (including eyes) A'ery nuich narrower
than the pronotuui ; vertex oblong, its lateral margins strongly
ridged, its anterior margin concavely sinuate, considerably extend-
ing beyond the eyes ; face with two longitudinal ridges ; clypeus
long ; antennae elongate, rounded, second joint much longer than
first ; pronotum obliquely transverse, narrow, anteriorly produced
to between eyes, trioarinate, the area of the cariuations a little
raised and shield-like ; mesonotum convex, obscurely tricarinate ;
posterior tibiae generally bispinose ; tegmina ample, longer by half
than broad, as broad as wings, apical inargin rounded, costal
membrane broad with closely arranged transverse veins, four
longitudinal veins from base, the second very strongly bifurcate
from near middle, beyond their apices, which extend to a little
before middle of tegmen, the venation is densely longitudinal, with
a distinct line formed by transverse veins before apical margin,
some transverse veins on disk, and transverse veins on basal area
excluding central disk ; wings with oblique longitudinal veins on
apical costal area, some of the longitudinal veins bifurcate near
apical margin.
IDS';
Phromnia marginella, Olio. (Fulgora) Enc Meth. vi, p. 575
(1791); ,sm (Phromnia), Ofv. Vet.-Alc. Fork. 1802, p. 490;
Atkins. J. A. S. Bene/. Iv, p. 05 (1886) ; Cotes, hid. Mus. Notes,
ii, p. 95, t. xvi, f. 2 (1891) ; Melich. (Flata) Ann. Hofmus. Wien,
xvi, p. 205 (1901).
F'lata limbata, Htdton, J. A. S. Bene/, xii, p. 898 (1843).
Body and legs brownish-ochraceous, in fresh specimens much
-^jfr3-,?rT-TircwT-.^_^
Fig. 20t). — I'hruiHiiia uiargindla.
clothed with a white cottony pubescence ; pronotum and legs more
PHH.OMNIA. 399
or less tiuted witli pale green ; apices of the tibite and tarsi black ;
apex of iirsfc and whole of second joint of the antennae black ;
tegmina pale greenish, the venation more olivaceous-green, and
the costal margin sanguineous, on the under surface they are
considerably cretaceously tomentose ; wings exceedingly pale
bluish-green ; the face is strongly bicarinate ; the central cari-
natiou to pronotuni bifurcating before anterior margin.
Var. Tegmina pale tawn^-yellow, the costal margin dark tawny-
brown.
Length excl. tegm. 12 to 14 ; exp. tegm. 4S to 50 millim.
Hab. Assam; Noa Dehing Valley {GJienneU). Sikhim (^Lid.
Mils.). DarjUmg (Jide Melichar). Ceylon; Kandy (Green). Te-
nasserim ; Mergui (Coll. Dist.).
I have received both the typical and varietal form from Ceylon.
According to Capt. Hutton(si?;2"'fO' ^™i^ observations on the insect
made at Mnssooree, the white sugary secretion which it produces
is only obtainable throughout the dry weather from Januarv to
June, as it is washed au ay by the first heavj^ rain that falls upon
it. The eggs hatch iu December, and the larvae cluster like sheep
upon the food-plant. They feed by sucking the juices of the
leaves, and moult several times, gradually increasing in size until
the setting-in of the rainy season in June, when winged imagos
begin to emerge, Mr, R. II. E. Thompson noticed that in Garhwal
the natives eat the sugary secretion and call the insects Dharheri,
i. e. " sheep," on a,ccount of their habit of clustering together and
jumping away when disturbed. Mr. W, P. Thomas ascertained
that the Koorkoos and other ti'ibes in the jS^arsingpur district of
the Central Provinces kno\v the insect, but make no use of the
sugary secretion, which they say has a narcotic effect when eaten.
In this district the insects were found on the green succulent
coppice-shoots of Elceodendron rocvhurgliii.
1988. Phromnia tricolor, WJdte (Pceciloptora, Flatida), A. M. N. H.
xviii, p. 26 (1846) ; Stal (Phromuia), Of v. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1862,
p. 490; Atkins. J. A. S. Bern/. Iv, p. 65 (1886); Melich. (Plata)
Ajin. Hofmus. JVihi, xvi, p. 208 (1901).
Body ochraceous, abdomen strongly cretaceously tomentose ;
legs greenish, the tibiae darker; head with the lateral ridged
marg'ins greenish ; pronotum and mesonotum very finely sprinkled
with black ; tegmina pale greenish, more or less cretaceously and
tomentosely finely maculate, the costal and claval areas palely
sanguineous and also cretaceously maculate ; the under surface of
the tegmina is more cretaceously tomentose than above ; wino-s
pale lacteous much suffused with ci'etaceous ; general structural
characters as in P. margiiiella.
In some specimens the ground-colour of the tegmina is reddish-
ochraceous with nearly the whole basal area sanguineous, in other
400 rULGOllID.E.
examples tlie ground-colour is olivaceous-green with only the costal
area sanguineous ; rubbed or faded specimens do not exhibit the
cretaceous maculation.
Length excl. tegm. 18 to 15 ; exp. tegm. 51 to 60 millini.
Hah. Assam; Khasi Hills (Chennell). Naga Hills {Ind. Mus.).
Sylhet. Burma ; Bhamo (Jide Melicliar). — Siam.
1989. Phromnia rubicunda, Dist. A. 31. N. H. (5) xi, p. 171 (1883) ;
Atlin^. J. S. Beni/. Iv, p. 65 (1886) : Waterh. Aid Ident. Ins.
ii, t. clii, f. 1 (1882-90).
I'lata floccosa, Mclich. (part.) Ann. Hofmus. Wien, xvi, p. 208
(1001).
Body and legs tawny-ochraceous ; disk of mesonotum shining
ocbraceons ; antennte black ; anterior and intermediate tibite and
tarsi black ; tegmina dull dark testaceous-red becoming somewhat
paler to^^■ards apex, irregularlj- spotted with cretaceous-white, more
particularly so on basal and less on apical areas ; \Aings white,
cretaceonsly tomentose.
Length excl; tegm. 13; exp. tegm. 62 millim.
Hah. Mergui {Anderson, CoU. Dist.).
Apart from the peculiar coloration of this species, it may be
distinguished by the long and apically convex tegmina, which are
obliquely rounded